JP3510630B2 - 高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents

高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物

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Publication number
JP3510630B2
JP3510630B2 JP51072495A JP51072495A JP3510630B2 JP 3510630 B2 JP3510630 B2 JP 3510630B2 JP 51072495 A JP51072495 A JP 51072495A JP 51072495 A JP51072495 A JP 51072495A JP 3510630 B2 JP3510630 B2 JP 3510630B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
based additive
less
oil composition
nitrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP51072495A
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English (en)
Inventor
俊彦 市橋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Filing date
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/06—Sulfur
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    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
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    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
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    • C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 技術分野 本発明は高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物に関し、さらに詳し
くは、充分なハイポイドギヤ性能（極圧性）を有し、か
つスラッジの発生が少なく、特に周速10m/sec以上の高
速回転の回転軸をもつ変速装置のギヤ油として用いら
れ、更に周速20m/secを超える超高速の変速装置のギヤ
油としても有効な潤滑油組成物に関するものである。
背景技術 従来、車輛用ギヤ油としては、通常硫黄−リン系極圧
剤配合油が使用されてきた。しかしながら、このような
硫黄−リン系極圧剤配合油は、特に軸の周速が10m/sec
を超える変速機に用いた場合、シール部分が局所的に高
温になり、スラッジが発生し、シールリップ部が損傷す
るなどのトラブルがしばしば発生していた。したがっ
て、高速回転軸に対しては非接触形のシール機構を用
い、多少の油もれを許容するか、あるいは早期更油で対
処するのみであった。
このため充分な極圧性を有し、かつスラッジの発生が
少ない〔ISOT（150℃,96時間）後のｎ−ペンタン不溶解
分が0.1重量％以下〕高速ギヤ用潤滑油の開発が望まれ
ていた。
本発明は、このような事情のもとで、充分なハイポイ
ドギヤ性能を有し、かつスラッジの発生が少なく、高速
及び／又は高温の回転部に用いるオイルシール部材の寿
命の長い高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物を提供することを目的
としてなされたものである。
発明の開示 本発明者は、上記の好ましい性質を有する高速ギヤ用
潤滑油組成物を開発すべく鋭意研究を重ねた。その結
果、基油として％CAが５以下の特定の基油を用い、これ
に硫黄系添加剤，リン系添加剤及び窒素系添加剤の３成
分を所定の割合で配合することにより、その目的を達成
しうることを見出した。本発明は、かかる知見に基づい
て完成したものである。
すなわち、本発明は、 （１）％CAが５以下である基油に対し、硫黄系添加剤，
リン系添加剤及び窒素系添加剤を、組成物中の元素比10
0N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10となるように配合し
たことを特徴とする高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物、 （２）％CAが５以下、窒素含有量が50ppm以下及び硫黄
含有量が50ppm以下である基油に対し、硫黄系添加剤，
リン系添加剤及び窒素系添加剤を、組成物中の元素比10
0N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10となるように配合し
たことを特徴とする高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物、 （３）％CAが５以下である基油に対し、硫黄系添加剤，
リン系添加剤及び窒素系添加剤を、添加剤中の元素比10
0N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10となるように配合し
たことを特徴とする高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物、及び （４）％CAが５以下、窒素含有量が50ppm以下及び硫黄
含有量が50ppm以下である基油に対し、硫黄系添加剤，
リン系添加剤及び窒素系添加剤を、添加剤中の元素比10
0N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10となるように配合し
たことを特徴とする高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物、 を提供するものである。
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、基油として％CAが
５以下、好ましくは３以下のものが用いられる。この％
CAが５を超えると酸化安定性が低下し、スラッジの発生
が多くなる。また、該基油は、温度100℃における動粘
度が２〜50cSt、好ましくは２〜30cStの範囲にあるもの
が好適である。なお、％CAはndM法で測定した値であ
る。
このような基油としては、鉱油，合成油を問わず様々
なものが使用可能であり、特に制限はない。鉱油の具体
例としては、パラフィン系原油，中間基系原油あるいは
ナフテン基系原油を常圧蒸留するか、又は常圧蒸留の残
渣油を減圧蒸留して得られる留出油を、常法にしたがっ
て精製することによって得られる精製油などを挙げるこ
とができる。特に、水添精製鉱油を用いることが好適で
ある。また、鉱油中の窒素分は好ましくは150ppm以下、
更に好ましくは100ppm以下、特に好ましくは50ppm以
下、並びに硫黄分は好ましくは250ppm以下、更に好まし
くは100ppm以下、特に好ましくは50ppm以下のものがよ
い。本発明においては、上記基油が窒素含有量、硫黄含
有量の比較的多い精製度に劣る鉱油である場合も、本発
明の効果を有効に奏することが可能であるが、用いる基
油の窒素含有量、硫黄含有量が上記範囲内にある場合に
特に酸化安定性に優れ、所望の効果を得ることが可能と
なる。一方、合成油としては、例えばオレフィンの重合
物や共重合物、二塩基酸エステル，ポリグリコール，ヒ
ンダードエステル，アルキルベンゼンなどが挙げられ
る。該基油としては、鉱油及びポリα−オレフィンなど
のオレフィン重合物が好適である。また、本発明におい
ては、上記鉱油や合成油は一種用いてもよいし、二種以
上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
該基油に配合される硫黄系添加剤については特に制限
はなく、通常ギヤ油に使用されているものを用いること
ができる。該硫黄系添加剤の具体例としては、硫化オレ
フィン，ポリサルファイド，硫化油脂，硫化鉱油，チオ
リン酸化合物，チオカーバメート化合物，チオカーボネ
ート化合物，スルホキシド，チオールスルフィネートな
どが挙げられる。これらの中で特に硫化オレフィン又は
ポリサルファイドが好適である。
上記硫黄系添加剤は一種用いてもよいし、二種以上を
組み合わせて用いてもよく、また、その配合量は、組成
物の全量に基づき、硫黄換算で0.2〜４重量％、好まし
くは0.5〜３重量％の範囲が望ましい。この量が0.2重量
％未満ではハイポイドギヤ性能（極圧性）が不足する
し、４重量％を超えるとその量の割にはハイポイドギヤ
性能の向上が認められず、むしろスラッジの発生が増加
する傾向がみられる。
また、該基油に配合されるリン系添加剤については特
に制限はなく通常ギヤ油に使用されているものを用いる
ことができる。該リン系添加剤の具体例としては、アシ
ッドフォスフェート，ハイドロジエンフォスファイト，
フォスファイト（亜リン酸エステル），フォスフェート
（リン酸エステル）及びこれらの化合物のアミン塩，ホ
スホネート，ホスフィネート，ホスホロアミデートなど
が挙げられる。これらの中で特にアシッドフォスフェー
ト及びそのアミン塩が好適である。
上記リン系添加剤は一種用いてもよいし、二種以上を
組み合わせて用いてもよく、またその配合量は、組成物
の全量に基づき、リン換算で0.01〜0.3重量％、好まし
くは0.04〜0.2重量％の範囲が望ましい。この量が0.01
重量％未満では本発明の効果が充分に発揮されず、ま
た、0.3重量％を超えるとその量の割には効果の向上が
認められず、むしろ極圧性が低下する傾向がみられる。
一方、該基油に配合される窒素系添加剤については特
に制限はなく、通常潤滑油に使用されている窒素系分散
剤や窒素系酸化防止剤を用いることができる。窒素系分
散剤の具体例としては、アルキル若しくはアルケニルコ
ハク酸イミド，ホウ素含有アルキル若しくはアルケニル
コハク酸イミド，ベンジルアミン化合物（マンニッヒ塩
基），ポリブテニルアミン，コハク酸エステル化合物，
酸アミドなどが挙げられるが、これらの中でアルキル若
しくはアルケニルコハク酸イミド及びホウ素含有アルキ
ル若しくはアルケニルコハク酸イミドが好ましく、特に
ホウ素含有アルキル若しくはアルケニルコハク酸イミド
が好適である。また、窒素系酸化防止剤の具体例として
は、ジフェニルアミン，アルキル化ジフェニルアミン，
フェニル−α−ナフチルアミンなどが挙げられる。
本発明においては、窒素系添加剤として、上記窒素系
分散剤を一種用いてもよいし、二種以上を組み合わせて
用いてもよく、また窒素系酸化防止剤を一種用いてもよ
いし、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。さらに、
該窒素系分散剤一種以上と窒素系酸化防止剤一種以上と
を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記窒素系添加剤の配合量は、組成物の全量に基づ
き、窒素換算で0.02〜0.3重量％、好ましくは0.05〜0.1
5重量％の範囲にあるのが望ましい。この量が0.02重量
％未満では本発明の効果が充分に発揮されず、また、0.
3重量％を超えるとその量の割には効果の向上が認めら
れず、むしろ極圧性が低下する傾向がみられる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、元素比100N/（Ｓ
＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10、好ましくは５〜８の範囲に
あることが必要である。この元素比が４未満ではスラッ
ジの発生防止効果が充分に発揮されない。一方、10を超
えるとハイポイドギヤ性能が低下してスコーリングなど
の損傷が発生する。
組成物中の窒素分は、主として窒素系分散剤並びに窒
素系酸化防止剤によるものであるが、スラッジ防止性能
から考えると、窒素系分散剤由来の窒素分が多い方が好
ましい。
また上述のように本発明の潤滑油組成物は、％CAが５
以下、好ましくは更に窒素含有量が50ppm以下及び硫黄
含有量が50ppm以下の基油に対して、添加剤中の元素比1
00N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10、好ましくは５〜８
の範囲となるように、硫黄系添加剤、リン系添加剤及び
窒素系添加剤を配合して得ることができる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物には、必要に応じ各種添加成
分、例えばフェノール系やZnDTPなどの酸化防止剤、カ
ルシウムスルホネート，マグネシウムスルホネート，バ
リウムスルホネート，カルシウムフェネート，バリウム
フェネートなどの清浄分散剤、ポリメタクリレート系，
ポリイソブチレン系，エチレン−プロピレン共重合体
系，スチレン−ブタジエン水添共重合体系などの粘度指
数向上剤、ジメチルポリシロキサンやポリアクリレート
などの消泡剤、さらには流動点降下剤、防錆剤、腐食防
止剤などを適宜配合することができる。この際、カルシ
ウムや亜鉛などの金属元素の含有量が、潤滑油組成物中
に0.10重量％を超えないように、添加成分の配合量を選
択するのがシール耐久性向上の点から望ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、特に周速10m/sec以上の高
速回転の回転軸をもち、高速及び／又は高温となる変速
装置のギヤ油として用いられ、更に周速20m/secを超え
る超高速の変速装置のギヤ油としても有効である。
発明を実施するための最良の形態 次に、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する
が、本発明はこれらの例によってなんら限定されるもの
ではない。
実施例１〜３及び比較例１〜４ 第１表に示す潤滑油組成物を調製し、その性能を評価
した。結果を第１表に示す。
＊1:硫化オレフィン（S:46重量％） ＊2:ポリサルファイド（S:39重量％） ＊3:アシッドフォスフェート（P:5.7重量％） ＊4:リン酸エステルアミン塩（P:4.5重量％,N:2.8重量
％） ＊5:ホウ素含有ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド（N:2.0重
量％,B:1.7重量％） ＊6:ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド（N:2.0重量％） ＊7:フェニル−α−ナフチルアミン（N:6.4重量％） ＊8:その他の添加剤；流動点降下剤及び消泡剤 ＊9:ndM法による。
＊10:JIS K2514−3.1に準拠し、温度150℃、時間96時
間の条件でISOTを行い、試験後のｎ−ペンタン不溶解分
を、ASTM Ｄ 893のＢ法に準拠して求めた。
＊11:CRC L42 High Speed−Shock Loading Axle
Testにより評価した。
＊12:オイルシールの耐久試験で油もれの発生するまで
の時間で評価した（軸偏心0.2mmTIR、軸周速30m/se
c）。
第１表から明らかなように、基油の％CAを５以下と
し、S,P,Nの３成分を組み合わせ、かつ元素比100N/（Ｓ
＋Ｐ）（重量基準）を４〜10とすることで、酸化安定性
（ISOT後のｎ−ペンタン不溶解分で評価）、ハイポイド
ギヤ性能（極圧性）、シール耐久性のいずれもが良好な
性能を示す（実施例1,2及び３）。
基油の％CAが５以下で、かつ元素比100N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）
が４未満では、スラッジの発生が多く（ISOT後のｎ−ペ
ンタン不溶解分で評価）、シールの耐久性に劣り、充分
な性能が得られない（比較例１）。
また、基油の％CAが５を超えると、さらにスラッジの
発生が多くなり、シール耐久性に劣り、充分な性能が得
られない（比較例２、４）。
一方、元素比100N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が10を超えると、ハイ
ポイドギヤ性能が不充分となり、高速ギヤ油としての性
能が得られない（比較例３）。
産業上の利用可能性 本発明の潤滑油組成物は、充分なハイポイドギヤ性能
を有する上、スラッジの発生が少なく、高速・高温回転
部に用いるオイルシールの寿命が長いなどの特徴を有
し、特に周速10m/sec以上の高速回転軸をもつ変速装置
のギヤ油として用いられ、更に周速20m/secを超える超
高速の変速装置のギヤ油としても有効であり、例えば高
速走行車輛用ギヤ油や産業用ギヤ油などとして好適に用
いられる。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｃ１０Ｍ 137:04 Ｃ１０Ｍ 137:08 137:08 139:00 Ａ 139:00） Ｃ１０Ｍ 101:02 (Ｃ１０Ｍ 169/04 Ｃ１０Ｎ 20:02 101:02 30:00 Ｚ 135:04 30:06 135:20 30:10 137:04 40:04 137:08 139:00） Ｃ１０Ｎ 20:02 30:00 30:06 30:10 40:04 (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) C10M 141/12 C10M 101/02 C10M 105/02 - 105/06 C10M 105/32 - 105/48 C10M 107/02 - 107/18 C10M 107/34 C10M 133/00 - 137/16 C10M 139/00 C10M 141/10 C10M 149/00 - 153/04 C10M 155/04 C10M 169/04 C10M 171/00 C10N 20:02 C10N 30:00 C10N 30:06 - 30:10 C10N 40:04

Claims (12)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】％CAが５以下である基油に対し、硫化オレ
    フィンまたはポリサルファイドである硫黄系添加剤，ア
    シッドフォスフェートまたはそのアミン塩であるリン系
    添加剤、及びホウ素含有アルキルもしくはアルケニルコ
    ハク酸イミドである窒素系添加剤を、組成物中の元素比
    100N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10となるように配合
    したことを特徴とする高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物。
  2. 【請求項２】％CAが５以下、窒素含有量が50ppm以下及
    び硫黄含有量が50ppm以下である基油に対し、硫化オレ
    フィンまたはポリサルファイドである硫黄系添加剤，ア
    シッドフォスフェートまたはそのアミン塩であるリン系
    添加剤、及びホウ素含有アルキルもしくはアルケニルコ
    ハク酸イミドである窒素系添加剤を、組成物中の元素比
    100N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10となるように配合
    したことを特徴とする高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物。
  3. 【請求項３】％CAが５以下である基油に対し、硫化オレ
    フィンまたはポリサルファイドである硫黄系添加剤，ア
    シッドフォスフェートまたはそのアミン塩であるリン系
    添加剤、及びホウ素含有アルキルもしくはアルケニルコ
    ハク酸イミドである窒素系添加剤を、添加剤中の元素比
    100N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10となるように配合
    したことを特徴とする高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物。
  4. 【請求項４】％CAが５以下、窒素含有量が50ppm以下及
    び硫黄含有量が50ppm以下である基油に対し、硫化オレ
    フィンまたはポリサルファイドである硫黄系添加剤，ア
    シッドフォスフェートまたはそのアミン塩であるリン系
    添加剤、及びホウ素含有アルキルもしくはアルケニルコ
    ハク酸イミドである窒素系添加剤を、添加剤中の元素比
    100N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重量基準で４〜10となるように配合
    したことを特徴とする高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物。
  5. 【請求項５】基油が水添精製鉱油であることを特徴とす
    る請求項１に記載の高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物。
  6. 【請求項６】基油の％CAが３以下であることを特徴とす
    る請求項１に記載の高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物。
  7. 【請求項７】基油の100℃における動粘度が２〜50cStで
    あることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の高速ギヤ用潤滑
    油組成物。
  8. 【請求項８】硫黄系添加剤を硫黄換算で0.2〜４重量％
    配合することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の高速ギヤ用
    潤滑油組成物。
  9. 【請求項９】リン系添加剤をリン換算で0.01〜0.3重量
    ％配合することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の高速ギヤ
    用潤滑油組成物。
  10. 【請求項１０】窒素系添加剤を窒素換算で0.02〜0.3重
    量％配合することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の高速ギ
    ヤ用潤滑油組成物。
  11. 【請求項１１】組成物中の元素比100N/（Ｓ＋Ｐ）が重
    量基準で５〜８であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載
    の高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物。
  12. 【請求項１２】高速ギヤが周速10m/sec以上の回転軸を
    有するものであることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の高
    速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物。
JP51072495A 1993-10-06 1994-10-05 高速ギヤ用潤滑油組成物 Expired - Fee Related JP3510630B2 (ja)

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JP5-250266 1993-10-06
JP25026693 1993-10-06
PCT/JP1994/001662 WO1995009904A1 (fr) 1993-10-06 1994-10-05 Composition d'huile lubrifiante pour roues dentees tournant a haute vitesse

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