JP3306421B2 - Mycorrhizal fungal mycorrhizal formation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to mycorrhizal fungi by infecting mycorrhizal fungi such as matsutake, losh, hon-shimeji, etc., with roots of host pine, corn, oak, etc. to form mycorrhizal fungi. To a method of cultivating.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Mycorrhizal fungi such as matsutake, rosi, and hon-shimeji mushrooms form parasites on the living roots of their specific host to form mycorrhizas, and form a collection of mycorrhizal fungi while taking nutrients from the host. I do. When suitable conditions for nutrients, moisture, and temperature are established, fruit bodies are generated.

[0003] Therefore, in order to grow mycorrhizal mushrooms such as matsutake, rosi, hon-shimeji, etc., it is necessary first to form white, which is a collection of mycorrhiza. As a method, spores of mycorrhizal fungi are dissolved in water. Spore seeding method. A white transplant method in which some of the mycorrhizal fungi are cut out, transplanted into the host tree forest, and infected into the host's root system to form whites. In addition, seedlings of the host tree are planted beforehand in the front direction of the white soil, and after confirming that the roots of these seedlings are infected by white fungi, the seedlings are transplanted to other host tree forests to measure the white seedlings. Transplantation methods and the like have been attempted.

[0004]

According to the above-mentioned method, when selecting a site where new white is to be formed, such as a spore seeding site, a white transplanting site, or an infected seedling transplanting site, a site where the fine roots of the host tree are particularly developed. And a place with few germs is selected. Looking at the naturally formed white, all mycorrhizas are composed of fine roots, and near the growth point at the tip of the fine roots, the outer skin is made of white and soft tissue, so it is thought that mycelia of mycorrhizal fungi can easily enter It is.

[0005] In practice, however, the host tree, which has many fine roots, is the soil layer of layer A, which is rich in humus, and contains many germs that hinder the mycorrhizal fungi. Not suitable. On the other hand, the place with few germs is the soil layer of the layer B of the weathered rock soil with little nutrients such as humus, and the fine roots of the host do not develop and the root amount is small. In view of the above circumstances, spore seeding, white transplantation, and infected seedling transplantation are all promising methods, but few successful cases of white formation have been made.

[0006] To solve this problem, various root harvesting attempts have been made. A typical example is that the root system of the host tree has a width of 3 mm.
Digging a groove of 0cm and depth of about 20cm, grooving the soil with masa soil, grooving with a radius of 2m around one host tree, and burying aze sheet outside the groove For the ditches, the root-turning azesheet method, etc., in which masa soil is used, has been attempted (how to make Matsutake Mt., P73 Sobun 1
983) However, the red pine, the host tree of matsutake, has extremely poor rooting properties due to rooting, and the effect of the operation is low.

[0007] Also, Patent Application Publication, Hei 1-128724
Then, put dead leaves on the true soil of the matsutake fungus inoculation site,
Although a method of attracting red pine fine roots has been proposed, even when fresh dead leaves are used, rooting of red pine requires about two years to elapse, dead leaves become humus, and growth of various bacteria is inevitable. Also, since Japanese red pine is a tree species that easily forms mycorrhiza, even if it quickly forms mycorrhizal fungi and inoculates matsutake fungi, its survival is difficult.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in order to solve this problem, a water-permeable light-shielding material made of an inorganic substance with little germs is placed on the top soil on the horizontal root system of the host tree. By placing a membrane between the object and the horizontal root that has micropores that allow water to permeate but cannot penetrate the host's fine root, a large amount of horizontal root branches are generated below this membrane. To form a population of fine roots of the host and inoculate them with mycorrhizal fungi, inoculate spores, transplant white, and transfer infected seedlings to form mycorrhiza and produce white Is provided.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a red pine, a host tree of Matsutake mushroom. The distribution of the common root system of red pine,
Considering the horizontal and vertical directions separately, the distinctive feature is that the drooping root (1) (standing root) and the horizontal root (2) that traverses along the surface of the ground are distinct. Roots (3) and lateral roots develop, and the horizontal roots (2) diverge more near the root stock (3). At the same time, the horizontal root (2) has the property of responding to light on the ground, going underground when exposed to light, and facing the ground when entering a dark area.
Is distributed about 3 cm to 10 cm below the ground surface in red pine.

At one time, when the topsoil (4) above the horizontal root (2) collapses and the horizontal root (2) is exposed on the surface of the ground, the outer skin of the root becomes thick and enlarged, becoming dark brown and changing to bark. At the same time, the branches that branch off later extend downward and go underground. On the other hand, when sedimentation (5) such as defoliation is piled on the surface above the horizontal root (2), the horizontal root (2) in the underground part starts at once and extends upward, Spread roots in upper sediment (5) during two years. According to the experiment of the present inventor, the branch roots after 2 years in red pine and 1 year in Quercus serrata,
Spread out in the upper pile (5). This phenomenon is considered to be due to the fact that the limit of the photoreaction of the horizontal root is a light transmission amount of about 3 cm thick in the surface soil.

Therefore, in the present invention, the horizontal root of the host tree (2)
On the upper surface of the forest, there is a light-shielding material composed of an inorganic substance that is permeable and has little germs.
Water is supplied to the horizontal roots (2) by placing a water permeable membrane (6) having micropores that allow water to pass through but cannot penetrate the fine roots between the horizontal root (2) and the light-shielding material (5). While creating a favorable environment, the rooted root is prevented from elongating upward, and fine roots are densely formed between the horizontal root and the water permeable membrane (6). The spores of mycorrhizal fungi, inoculation of cultured inoculum, transplantation of whites, transplantation of infectious bacteria, and the like are formed in this group of fine roots (7) to form mycorrhiza and produce whites.

[0012]

[Function] If a water-permeable shade (5) is placed on the upper ground of the horizontal root (2) of the host tree, the light is blocked and darkened. It starts to spread the root system in the shade (5). At this time, the light-shielding material (5) is made of an inorganic substance, so that there is little generation of various germs. Further, if a water-permeable membrane (6) that allows water to permeate but cannot penetrate the fine roots is placed, the generated fine roots will become water-permeable membranes. Since it cannot extend above (6), it accumulates under the membrane and grows densely to form a group of fine roots (7) under suitable conditions for mycorrhizal inoculation.

[0013]

Example 1 A black vinyl light-shielding net (trade name: Dionet, manufactured by Dio Kasei) was cut into a 30 cm square,
Stack 10 sheets. A 30 cm square, 5 cm deep hole was dug on the surface 1 m outside the red pine root stock (3), and a 40 cm square nonwoven fabric (6) (trade name: Mariace,
(Made by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.), and the above-mentioned 10 layers of the light-shielding net are placed thereon, and after 2 years, this is removed, and the cultivated Matsutake fungus is placed in the center of the fine roots generated under the nonwoven fabric (6). And cover with Masa soil.

[0014]

[Embodiment 2] 30 m on the ground surface 1 m outside the base of Quercus serrata
Dig a hole with a square of 5 cm and a depth of 5 cm.
A nonwoven fabric (6) having a square of 40 cm (trade name: Mariace, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) is laid on it, and a square of 30 cm and a thickness of 1 is placed thereon.
Overlay a 0 cm rock wool mat. After one year,
This is removed, and spores of Hon-shimeji are sowed on the dense roots under the non-woven fabric (6) and covered with subsoil.

[0015]

[Effects of the present invention] In spontaneously established mycorrhizal fungi, after spores have settled on the fine roots of the host tree, auxin and cytokinins, which are the rooting hormones produced by mycorrhizal fungi,
It is said that the mycorrhizal branch develops and forms whites by increasing the amount of fine roots, but in the present invention, it is a light-shielding material composed of an inorganic material that is permeable in advance and that has less germs, By blocking the light on the ground, utilizing the physiological properties of horizontal roots to light, the development of fine roots is promoted.
Moisture is permeable, but by placing a membrane that can not penetrate the fine roots, it prevents elongation upwards of the fine roots and densifies the fine roots,
This population of fine roots is inoculated with inoculum, inoculated with spores, transplanted with whites, and transplanted with infectious bacteria. The transfer period of mycorrhizal fungi that can produce fruiting bodies from white to white is shortened.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a first embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drooping root of host tree 2 Horizontal root of host tree 3 Root stock of host tree 4 Topsoil on horizontal root of host tree 5 Shading material 6 Water-permeable membrane that prevents elongation of fine roots 7 Roots that have rooted

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] When a mycorrhizal fungus infects a root of a host plant, a water-permeable light shield made of an inorganic substance is placed on the ground on the upper surface of the horizontal root of the host, and the light shield and the horizontal root In between, water is permeable, but a membrane with micropores that is not penetrable by the host fine roots is placed, and fine roots are densely generated under the membrane, and the fine roots are inoculated with mycorrhizal inoculum, A mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungus-forming method, which comprises infecting mycorrhizal fungi by inoculating spores of mycorrhizal fungi, transplanting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or transplanting infected seedlings of mycorrhizal fungi.