JP2001078566A - Formation of mycorrhiza of fungus of mycorrhiza by light screening - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an environment suitable for inoculation of spawn of fungus of mycorrhiza such as Tricholoma matsutake, Rooge, etc., by previously making a mass of rootlets of Pinus densiflor a tree in which a fungus of mycorrhiza lives and into which various germs slightly penetrate. SOLUTION: Soil of layer Ao and layer A around horizontal roots 2 of Pinus densiflora a tree in which a fungus of mycorrhiza lives is dug out and removed. Soil of layer B having a low nutrient or Kanuma soil, etc., instead of the soil is buried to the dug hole to prevent penetration of various germs. On the other hand, a water-permeable film 6 is placed on a terrestrial part on the horizontal roots 2 and a water-permeable light-screening material 5 constituted of an organic substance having a high rooting function on the water-permeable film to sandwich the water-permeable film. Then the light-screening material 5 and the water- permeable film 6 are removed, a fungus of mycorrhiza such as Tricholoma matsutake, Rooge, etc., is inoculated into a mass 1 of rootlets formed under the water-permeable film 6. Since light rays on the terrestrial par are screened, the horizontal roots 2 of Pinus densiflora a tree in which a fungus of mycorrhiza lives start roots toward the upper light screening material 5 due to a physiological reaction to light rays. Generated rootlets are prevented from elongating in the vertical direction by the water-permeable film 6 and congested to form the mass 7 of rootlets under the moisture-permeable film 6. Various germs slightly penetrate to the soil since the circumferential soil is soil of the layer B to raise the efficiency of infection of the fungus of mycorrhiza to be inoculated to Tricholoma matsutake, Rooge, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of cultivating mycorrhizal mushrooms by infecting roots of a host tree, such as Japanese red pine, with mycorrhizal fungi such as matsutake and lozenge. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Mycorrhizal fungi such as matsutake and lozenge parasitize the living roots of the host tree Akamatsu to form mycorrhiza, and form a collection of mycorrhizas while collecting nutrients from the host tree Akamatsu. . When good conditions such as nutrients, moisture, and temperature are established, fruit bodies are generated.

[0003] Therefore, in order to grow mycorrhizal fungi such as matsutake mushrooms and lozenges, it is necessary to first form white, which is a collection of mycorrhizal fungi. The seeding method, a part of the mycorrhizal mushroom white cut out, transplanted it into the host tree, Akamatsu forest, and infected the root system to form white rice,
Planting seedlings of the host tree, Scots pine in advance, and confirming that the roots of these seedlings are infected with white fungi, transplanting them to other host trees, Scots pine forest, to try to transplant infected seedlings to measure the formation of white I have.

[0004]

According to the method, in selecting a site where new white is to be formed, such as a spore seeding site, a white planting site, or an infected seedling transplanting site, the fine roots of the host tree are particularly developed. A location that is low in germs is selected. If you look at the naturally formed white, all mycorrhizas are made up of fine roots.
This is because it is considered that the mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi easily penetrates because the outer skin is made of a white and soft tissue.

[0005] However, in practice, the fine roots of the host tree, Pinus densiflora, consist of a nutrient-rich Ao layer composed of corrosion,
It is the soil layer of layer A affected by the influence, and there are many germs that hinder mycorrhizal colonization, and it is not suitable for spore seeding, shiro transplantation, and infected seedling transplantation. On the other hand, the place with few germs is the soil layer of the layer B of the weathered rock soil with little nutrient, and the fine roots of the host tree, Pinus densiflora, do not develop and the amount of roots is small. From the above circumstances, although the spore seeding method, the white transplant method, and the infected seedling transplant method are all promising methods, there have been few successful cases of white formation.

In order to solve this problem, various attempts have been made to collect roots. A typical example is to dig a 30 cm wide, 20 cm deep and several m long trench in the root system of the host tree. The ditches method, in which the soil is filled with mosaic soil. The groove is cut with a radius of 2 m around one host tree, and an aze sheet is buried outside the ditch. The root-turning azesheet method has been tried (how to make Matsutake mountain, P7
3, Sobun, 1983), however, that the Japanese red pine, the host tree of Matsutake, has a very poor rooting ability due to rooting, and the effect of the operation is low.

Further, Japanese Patent Application No. 62-287998 proposes a method of attracting fine roots of Pinus densiflora by digging a hole in the true soil of a site expected to be inoculated with Matsutake fungi and backfilling the side roots of the pine with dead leaves. However, even when fresh dead leaves are used, the dead leaves buried in the depression tend to be excessively moist, and the corrosion proceeds quickly. Furthermore, rooting of Japanese red pine requires about two years, and the dead leaves are humid, and propagation of various bacteria is inevitable. And red pine is a tree species that is easy to form mycorrhizal roots, and the new roots that erupted between the humified dead leaves quickly form mycorrhizal fungi and remain the same as fine roots that spread to the corroded layer with many germs Furthermore, it is actually impossible to completely remove dead leaves that have undergone humification in connection with the new roots, and even if inoculated with matsutake fungi, their survival is difficult.

The present inventor has filed a patent application, Hei 5-90.
At 395, a light-shielding object composed of an inorganic substance that is permeable and has few germs is placed on the ground above the horizontal roots of the host tree by sandwiching a water-permeable membrane having micropores that cannot penetrate the fine roots of the host tree. Two years later, a method was proposed in which a large number of fine roots were generated in a state free of various germs. However, after repeating experiments at various test sites in Gifu Prefecture with different geology, it became clear that many of the light-shielding materials placed on the horizontal roots were better in organic materials than in inorganic materials in rooting function of fine roots. . Therefore, there has been a demand for a method of generating a large amount of fine roots with less invasion of various germs while using an organic material having a superior root-rooting function as a light-shielding material.

[0009]

Therefore, according to the present invention, the humus A around the horizontal root (2), which is rich in nutrients and contains many germs, is provided.
After removing the o-layer and the soil of the affected A-layer and backfilling it with the soil of the B-layer, which has less nutrients and less germs, or backfill it with the alternative nutrient-rich Kanuma soil, etc. to the ground level Place organic matter such as peat moss, bark (bark), or fresh fallen leaves that are difficult to decompose into a light-permeable shade. Moisture and air can permeate between the shade and the ground, By placing a membrane with micropores that cannot penetrate the roots of Japanese red pine, a large number of fine roots are branched out to form a group of fine roots while avoiding invasion of various bacteria into horizontal roots under this membrane And solved this problem. This is inoculated with an inoculum of mycorrhizal fungus, seeded with spores, transplanted with white, and transplanted infected seedlings to form mycorrhiza,
It provides a way to make white.

Hereinafter, the host tree of the matsutake mushroom, Akamatsu, will be described with reference to FIG. Considering the distribution of the common root system of Pinus densiflora in the horizontal and vertical directions, the distinctive features are the drooping root (1) (standing root) and the horizontal root (2) that traverses along the ground surface. The hanging root (1) develops at the base of the root stock (3) and the lateral root, and the horizontal root (2) diverges and spreads horizontally near the root stock (3). at the same time,
The horizontal root (2) has the property of responding to light on the ground, going underground when exposed to light, and going to the ground when entering a dark area. It is distributed in the range of 3 cm to 10 cm below.

At one time, when the topsoil (4) above the horizontal root (2) collapses and the horizontal root (2) is exposed to the surface of the ground, the outer skin of the root becomes thick and enlarged and changes to dark brown bark. Later branching branches extend downward and go underground. On the other hand, when sedimentation (5) such as defoliation is piled on the surface above the horizontal root (2), the horizontal root (2) in the underground part starts at the same time and extends upward, Upper sediment during three years (5)
Spread the roots inside. In the experiment of the present inventors, the maximum amount of rooting was observed in Pinus densiflora in the second year. This phenomenon is considered to be due to the fact that the limit of the light response of the horizontal root is the amount of transmitted light of about 3 cm thick in the surface soil.

[0012]

Therefore, according to the present invention, in order to prevent invasion of various bacteria around the horizontal root (2) of the host tree Pinus densiflora,
A humus Ao layer with a high nutrient content and a soil of the A layer are removed by digging a hole of 30 cm to 40 cm in length and 10 cm to 20 cm in depth, and the soil of the B layer with a low nutrient content, or the soil of the B layer with a low nutrient content, or Kanuma soil, etc. ) Backfill to the ground surface,
On this upper ground, put peat moss, pulverized bark (bark), fresh defoliation, etc., which are highly rooted and hard to decompose, on a water-permeable shade (5). By placing a water permeable membrane (6) having fine pores through which water can permeate but cannot penetrate the fine roots, water from rainwater is appropriately supplied to the horizontal roots (2), and water is generated. While creating a favorable environment for the roots, the roots that have rooted are prevented from elongating upwards,
Fine roots grow densely with the water permeable membrane (6). This fine root population (7) is seeded with spores of mycorrhizal fungi, inoculated with a cultured inoculum, transplanted with whites, transplanted infected seedlings, etc. to form mycorrhiza to produce whites.

[0013]

[Function] When a water-permeable shade (5) is placed on the upper ground of the horizontal root (2) of the host tree, the light beneath it will be blocked by darkness. The root reacts to spread the root system into the upper light-shielding material (5). At this time, when a water-permeable membrane (6) having micropores that allows water to permeate but cannot penetrate the fine roots is placed, it is generated. Since the fine roots cannot extend above the water-permeable membrane (6), they accumulate under the membrane and grow densely to form fine root groups (7) under suitable conditions for mycorrhizal inoculation. Furthermore, by replacing the nutrient-rich Ao and A-layer soil around the horizontal root at the place where the fine roots occur with the nutrient-less B-layer soil or Kanuma soil, organic matter having a high rooting function can be obtained as a light-shielding material. While using, it can suppress invasion of various bacteria.

[0014]

Example 1 In March, a humus (Ao) layer was removed in a 35 cm square on the surface 1 m outside the red pine root stock (3), and a 15 cm deep hole was excavated with a soil layer of the A layer. 2) is exposed and the hole is backfilled to the ground with layer B soil collected elsewhere (8). On top of that, the side is a blue sheet (brand name) 35cm deep, the bottom is 35cm side
Then, peat moss is put as a water-permeable light-shielding material (5) in a bag made of a non-woven rub sheet (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation). In the fall of two years, matsutake spores are dissolved in water and sown on the fine roots of Pinus densiflora under the water-permeable membrane (6), and the soil is covered with layer B soil.

[0015]

[Example 2] In March, a humus layer (Ao layer) was removed in a 35 cm square on the surface of a red pine forest, 50 cm to 1 m outside of the red pine root stock (3), and a soil layer of A layer having a depth of 15
A hole of about 10 cm is dug to confirm the horizontal roots of the Japanese red pine, and this hole is backfilled to the ground with layer B soil of low nutrient collected from another place (8). On this, the side is a blue sheet (product name)
A light-shielding material (5) containing finely crushed bark (wood bark) was placed in a bag using a nonwoven fabric rub sheet having a depth of 35 cm and a bottom surface of 35 cm square, and two years passed. After removing it and confirming the dense roots of red pine, the cultivated Matsutake fungus is inoculated into the fine roots, and the soil is covered with a layer B layer containing less nutrients.

[0016]

[Example 3] In March, a humus layer (Ao layer) was removed in a 35 cm square on the surface of a red pine forest, 50 cm to 1 m outside of a red pine root stock (3), and a soil layer of A layer having a depth of 15 mm was used.
Dig a cm hole to confirm the horizontal roots of the Japanese red pine, and fill this hole back to the ground with Kanuma soil (8). On top of this, a light-shielding material (5) in which leaves are placed in a bag using a nonwoven fabric rub sheet with a side of a blue sheet (trade name) of 35 cm in depth and a bottom of 35 cm square is placed, and two years have passed. After removing it and confirming the dense roots of red pine, matsutake-infected seedlings are transplanted there and back-filled with layer B soil with less nutrients.

[0017]

[Example 4] In March, a humus layer (Ao layer) was removed in a 35 cm square on the surface of a red pine forest, 50 cm to 1 m outside of a red pine root stock (3).
A horizontal hole of Japanese red pine was confirmed by digging a hole of cm, and this hole was backfilled to the ground with red clay (8). A blue sheet (trade name) with a depth of 35 cm, a bottom surface of 35 cm square and a light-shielding material containing fine wood chips in a bag using a non-woven rub sheet is placed on this, and two years have passed. After removing it and confirming the dense roots of red pine, inoculated with the cultivated Rosi fungus and backfilling it with B layer soil with less nutrients.

[0018]

[Example 5] In March, a humus layer (Ao layer) was removed in a 35 cm square on the surface of a red pine forest, 50 cm to 1 m outside of a red pine root stock (3), and a soil layer of A layer having a depth of 15 mm was used.
Dig a cm hole to confirm the horizontal roots of the Japanese red pine, and fill this hole back to the ground with vermiculite (8). On this, the side is a blue sheet (trade name) 35 cm deep and the bottom is 3
Two years have passed since a 5-cm square non-woven rubbed sheet was placed on a light-shielding material containing fallen leaves. After removing it and confirming the dense roots of red pine, inoculated with the cultivated Rosi fungus and backfilling it with B layer soil with less nutrients.

[0019]

[Effects of the present invention] In naturally occurring mycorrhizal fungi, after the spores have settled on the fine roots of the host tree, the rooting hormones auxins and cytokinins produced by the mycorrhizal fungi act to form the fine roots. It is said that branches develop and form whites by increasing the root mass of fine roots, but in the present invention, by shielding light on the ground with a water-permeable shade in advance, the Utilizing a physiological reaction, it promotes the development of fine roots, and furthermore, by placing a membrane that allows water to permeate but does not penetrate fine roots, it prevents elongation upwards of fine roots and densely grows fine roots. This group of fine roots is inoculated with a seed bacterium while suppressing the invasion of various bacteria by excluding the soil of the Ao layer and the A layer around the root and backfilling it with the soil of the B layer with less nutrients or the Kanuma soil instead. Or seeding spores, transplanting whites, Because of the method of transplanting to form mycorrhiza, the mycorrhizal formation is high, and it usually takes 5 to 6 years to transfer mycorrhizal fungi that can develop fruiting bodies to white. Be shortened. Further, since the fine roots are formed on the ground surface, the amount of the roots can be visually observed, and the progress after inoculation of the inoculum can be easily observed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drooping root of host tree 2 Horizontal root of host tree 3 Root stock of host tree 4 Topsoil on horizontal root of host tree 5 Shading material 6 Water-permeable membrane which prevents elongation of fine roots 7 Roots that have rooted 8 Backfilled B layer The soil

Claims (5)

[Claims] When the mycorrhizal fungi infect the roots of a host plant, the nutrient-rich Ao layer and the soil of the A layer around the horizontal root of the host are removed, and this space is replaced with the soil of the nutrient layer B. Back to the ground with a water-permeable light-shielding material placed on the ground, and between this light-shielding material and the ground on the horizontal roots, water can permeate, but micropores that cannot penetrate the fine roots of the host plant Is placed on the lower side of the membrane, and the fine roots of the host plant are densely generated on the lower side of the membrane. Inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi, inoculation of spores of mycorrhizal fungi, transplantation of mycorrhizal fungi to the fine roots A mycorrhizal fungus-forming method, wherein the mycorrhizal fungus is infected by an ordinary method such as transplanting a seedling infected with mycorrhizal fungi. 2. When the mycorrhizal fungus infects the root of the host plant, the nutrient-rich Ao layer and A around the horizontal root of the host plant
2. The mycorrhizal fungi according to claim 1, wherein the soil in the layer is removed, this space is replaced with the soil in the layer B, backfilled with Kanuma soil to the ground, and a permeable shading material is placed on the ground. Mycorrhizal formation method. 3. When the mycorrhizal fungus infects the root of the host plant, the nutrient-rich Ao layer and A around the horizontal root of the host plant
2. The mycorrhizal fungus according to claim 1, wherein the soil of the mycorrhizal fungi according to claim 1, wherein the soil of the layer is removed, this space is replaced with the soil of the layer B, and backfilled to the ground with reddish clay, and a permeable shading material is placed on the ground. Mycorrhizal formation method. 4. When the mycorrhizal fungus infects the root of the host plant, the nutrient-rich Ao layer and the Ao layer around the horizontal root of the host plant
2. The mycorrhizal fungi according to claim 1, wherein the soil in the layer is removed, the space is replaced with the soil in the layer B, backfilled to the ground with vermiculite, and a light-permeable shade is placed on the ground. Root formation method. 5. When the mycorrhizal fungus infects the root of a host plant, the nutrient-rich Ao layer and A around the horizontal root of the host plant
2. The mycorrhizal fungi according to claim 1, wherein the soil in the layer is removed, the space is replaced with the soil in the layer B, backfilled to the ground with perlite, and a water-permeable shade is placed on the ground. Root formation method.