JP2001169661A - Culture medium for cultivating tricholoma matsutake, pot for cultivating tricholoma matsutake and method for cultivating tricholoma matsutake - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simply cultivate Tricholoma matsutake in a place separated from a forest land, a home, etc. SOLUTION: This culture medium for cultivating Tricholoma matsutake is obtained by using a weakly acidic soil as a culture medium 10, placing the culture medium 10 in a pot, planting or raising one or plural pines 11 at an age of >3 years of the tree in the culture medium 10 and embedding a conjugate 14 of a hypha of the Tricholoma matsutake to a mycorrhiza thereof separated from other pines so as to come into contact with rootlets 12 of the pines 11 in the culture medium 10. The method for cultivating the Tricholoma matsutake comprises lenghtening the interval of watering and periodically supplying water at a lower temperature than the daily average atmospheric temperature by about 3 deg.C when the average atmospheric temperature reaches about 25 deg.C and shortening the interval of watering and periodically supplying water at a lower temperature than the daily average atmospheric temperature by about 3 deg.C when the daily average atmospheric temperature reaches about 20 deg.C.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a matsutake mushroom cultivation area, a matsutake mushroom cultivation pot, and a matsutake mushroom cultivation method in which matsutake mushrooms can be cultivated in a place away from a forest or at home.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Matsutake mushrooms are the edible mushrooms most loved by Japanese people, and generally occur in the form of rings or lines in red pine forests mainly in autumn, sometimes from June to July. Moreover, pine mushrooms also occur in trees belonging to other pine families, such as Ezo pine, Abies pine, Kuromatsu, Komatsutsuga, etc., and hence the trees in which matsutakes grow will be referred to as pine. Such matsutake mushrooms are ectomycorrhizal fungi that coexist with living fine roots of pine, and are generated from so-called “white”, which is a combination of pine mushroom hyphae and mycorrhiza. However, the mycelium of matsutake mushrooms cannot form mycorrhiza merely by having fine roots of pine.
Various conditions such as above-ground conditions and weather conditions must be met.

[0003] For example, as soil conditions, granite, quartz porphyry, quartz trachyte, hornstone, sandstone, quartzite, etc. with a high silicic acid content on a thin sloping land of 10 cm or less in the topsoil above the middle of the mountain are distributed. Forest land around PH 4.2 is considered good.
Also, it is said that a condition in which shrubs such as pine and azalea and ground plants are mixed appropriately is good as a condition of the above-ground part. or,
It is said that the weather conditions are good when the temperature is high in April to July and the rainfall in June and September is particularly high in May to September.

[0004] Artificial cultivation of matsutake has been attempted in red pine forests for a long time. At this time, the fungi of matsutake must be inoculated into the fine roots of the red pine, but before the fine roots spread near the surface of the ground, generally 10 to 20 years, usually 30 to 40 years, at a surface soil of 10 cm or less near the peak, In deeper soil, more than 100 years of age are required. It is suitable for the inoculation site because the dents in the ground are easy for defoliation to accumulate and fine roots are easy to collect. Inoculation methods include a spore inoculation method and a forest land culture mycelium inoculation method.

In this spore inoculation method, spores collected from high-quality matsutake mushrooms are dissolved in clear water, and the spore solution is sprayed to a target place and covered with fallen leaves to inoculate fine roots. Alternatively, an inoculation method is used in which spores are temporarily planted at a target place without producing a spore solution, and spores are dropped and then covered with deciduous leaves. In addition, in the forest culture mycelium inoculation method, soil containing spores dropped from matsutake mushrooms in the forest is collected, and the hyphae of the matsutake mushrooms are propagated and then inoculated to the fine roots of the target place. Alternatively, an inoculation method is used in which the soil at the place where the matsutake mushrooms are generated is dug out as a clod with a sharp hoe, buried as it is in its original form in a hole opened at the destination, and covered with fallen leaves.

[0006]

However, in the artificial cultivation of matsutake mushrooms in such a red pine forest, various conditions suitable for the formation of the margin must be created in complex nature, and the like. It is difficult to adjust the above conditions, and matsutake cannot be easily generated like shiitake mushrooms.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems. A matsutake mushroom cultivation place, a matsutake mushroom cultivation pot, and a matsutake mushroom capable of easily cultivating matsutake in a place away from a forest or at home. The purpose is to provide a cultivation method.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, in the cultivated area of Matsutake mushrooms according to the present invention, a weakly acidic soil is used as a medium, and one or more pine trees more than 3 years old are planted or grown on the medium. Then, a conjugate of pine mushroom hyphae and mycorrhiza isolated from other pines is embedded in the medium so as to contact the fine roots of the pine.

[0009] In the matsutake mushroom cultivation pot according to the present invention, the matsutake mushroom cultivation ground is placed in a pot. In addition, it is preferable that a drainage partition member for supporting the bottom of the culture medium is installed inside the above-mentioned pot, and that the upper surface of the partition member be tilted southward and supported.

In the method for cultivating matsutake mushrooms according to the present invention, when the average temperature of the matsutake mushroom cultivation area or the matsutake mushroom cultivation pot reaches about 25 ° C., water having a water temperature about 3 ° C. lower than the average temperature of the day is watered. It is said that the water temperature is about 3 ° C lower than the average daily temperature when the average daily temperature reaches around 20 ° C, and the watering interval is shortened and the water is regularly provided. Take the steps.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a matsutake mushroom cultivation pot to which the present invention is applied. In order to enable artificial cultivation of matsutake mushrooms in a place away from a forest, such as a red pine forest, at home, or the like, a pot 1 that is easy to transport and manage is used. Such a bowl 1 has a sufficient depth and is elongate, for example, a height of 30 cm,
Pots having a width of about 25 cm and a length of about 50 cm are suitable. A rectangular drainage partition plate 3 in which a large number of drainage holes 2 are arranged in a mesh shape near the bottom of the inside of the bowl 1 is installed, and the upper surface of the partition plate 3 is inclined in the southwest direction and supported. I do.

At this time, the inclination angle of the partition plate 3 is made gentle, for example, the plate surface of the partition plate is inclined 5 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction to the south, and further inclined 5 degrees from that position to the west. Then, the medium storage space 4 is located above the partition plate 3 of the pot 1 and the drainage space 5 is located below the partition plate 3. The front and rear walls 6 and 7 of the bowl 1 are provided with drain holes 8 and 9 near the center of the lower end, respectively, to communicate with the drainage space 5.

The medium 10 uses a weakly acidic soil. At that time, the volcanic ash soil, particularly the thin volcanic ash soil of Mt. Asama, is suitable because it has a large air holding amount, low stickiness, high water permeability, and a PH of about 6.

Further, the soil around the root of the red pine 11 for planting is cut using a sharp hoe or the like from the ground on which the red pine 11 grows so as not to damage the fine root 12 near the root. The fine root 12 is dug out together. Such a red pine 11 may be one if the amount of fine roots is large for one pot 1, but usually two red pine 11 (11a, 11b) exceeding three years are arranged and planted. In particular, a tree of about 5 years of age is suitable because it is small and easy to handle such as transportation and management, and has strong vigor and a large amount of fine roots. In addition, when matsutake fungi are inoculated to those less than 3 years old, they die weakly due to insufficient tree vigor.

Further, in order to make contact with the fine roots of the red pine 11 planted, a combined part of the fungi and mycorrhiza of matsutake fungi symbiotic with other red pine, that is, a part 14 separated from the margin is used. In addition, the pine mushroom mycelium and mycorrhizal conjugate used in one pot 1 may be small.

At the time of planting, the medium 10 is stored in the storage space 4 of the pot 1.
, The planting hole 15 of the red pine 11 is dug to a depth of about 10 cm in the center near one of the front and rear walls 6, 7, for example, in the center near the rear wall 7. Then, a pine mushroom hypha and mycorrhiza combination 14 separated from another red pine is placed at the center of the bottom of the hole 15, and the clay 13 of the red pine 11 is put thereon. 12 is buried in good contact with the conjugate of pine mushroom mycelium and mycorrhiza. Further, the upper surface 16 of the culture medium 10 is inclined southwestward so as to substantially match the upper surface of the drainage partition plate 3 that supports the bottom of the culture medium 10. After planting in this way, watering the Akamatsu 11 takes root. After that, the upper surface 16 of the culture medium 10 is left as it is, but lower vegetation such as azalea azalea may be planted. In addition, the red pine 11 can be grown by sowing the medium 10 or the like.

When cultivating matsutake mushrooms at home using such matsutake mushroom cultivation pot 17, place the matsutake mushrooms in a place where the sun is well exposed,
Watering etc. is performed appropriately as in the case of potting other plants. Then, since the upper surface 16 of the culture medium 10 faces southwest, the sunshine from the southwest, which is the most suitable for cultivating matsutake mushrooms, is good. Since the upper surface of the drainage partition plate 3 supporting the culture medium 10 is inclined southwest, The drainage is good. The medium 10
By simply tilting the upper surface 16 to the south and the draining partition plate 3 only to tilt the upper surface to the south, the sunshine from the south is naturally good and drainage is improved.

When the matsutake mushroom cultivation bowl 17 is placed in this way, the temperature decreases from midsummer to autumn as the seasons change. Therefore, when the average daily temperature reaches around 25 ° C., for example, 25 ± 1 ° C., the average daily temperature is approximately 3 ° C.
Regularly increase the watering interval of low-temperature water to 1
Give enough once per week at weekly intervals. When watering is performed in this manner, when the average daily temperature reaches about 25 ° C., the ground temperature near the surface of the ground is usually about 1 ° C. lower than the temperature, so the ground temperature near the upper surface 16 of the culture medium 10 becomes about 24 ° C. The reason for this is that the soil temperature becomes the most suitable for forming the margin. Therefore, the amount of water required to form the margin is given by making the water temperature the same as the temperature of rainwater, which is usually about 3 ° C. lower than the temperature.
Create an environment suitable for forming the margin. Naturally, watering may be performed by measuring the ground temperature regardless of the air temperature. It should be noted that the average temperature of the day almost coincides with the temperature of 9:00 am of the day, so it is good to observe at that time.

In this manner, watering is continued,
When the average daily temperature reaches around 20 ° C., for example, 20 ± 1 ° C., the watering interval of water of about 3 ° C. lower than the average daily temperature is shortened, and the water is periodically removed, for example, once every other day. 1 in proportion
Give a sufficient amount each time. Watering is performed in this manner because when the average daily temperature reaches about 20 ° C., the soil temperature of the culture medium 10 becomes about 19 ° C., which is the most suitable soil temperature for mushroom formation. Therefore, the amount of water required for the formation of mushrooms is given such that the water temperature is the same as the temperature of rainwater, which is also about 3 ° C. lower than the air temperature, to create an environment suitable for mushroom formation. For watering, it is advisable to put tap water in a container, put it out in the sun, measure the water temperature, and give it.

When watering is continued in this way, the pine mushroom mycelium is inoculated with mycorrhiza in the autumn, and the fine roots of pine 11
The one that formed mycorrhizas in 5 occurred at a rate of one per 10 cubic centimeters of volume of matsutake mushrooms as early as one week after the average temperature of the day reached around 20 ° C in the fall of the following year. I do. The pine mushrooms are of a normal size that can be obtained from the red pine forest. As a matter of course, the stem of the pine mushroom that emerges from the deep part of the medium 10 becomes longer. When matsutake mushrooms are cultivated in such a matsutake mushroom cultivation pot 17, handling such as transportation and management becomes easy, and management of watering from the formation of white space to the occurrence of mushrooms is also easy. Therefore, it is suitable for generating matsutake mushrooms at home or the like. In addition, if two red pine trees 11 are planted side by side at the rear end of the pot 1, the fine roots 12 of each red pine tree 11 become outward every year.
Since it grows about 15 cm and also grows in the depth direction, matsutake mushrooms can be harvested for about 5 years according to the growth of fine roots and the formation of mycorrhiza in each year.

In the above-described embodiment, the matsutake mushroom cultivation method for generating matsutake mushrooms in the matsutake mushroom cultivation pot 17 by water management from the formation of white to the formation of mushrooms has been described. Select or form the ground or the like that will be a good drainage base, place it on it, plant or grow one or more pine trees over 3 years old in the medium, and contact the fine roots of the pine in the medium. A matsutake mushroom cultivation area is constructed by embedding a combination of matsutake mushroom hyphae and mycorrhiza isolated from other pine, and a matsutake mushroom cultivation pot 17
In the same way as above, when the average daily temperature reaches around 25 ° C, water with a water temperature about 3 ° C lower than the average daily temperature is periodically given with a longer watering interval. Is 20
When the temperature reaches around ℃, the water temperature is about 3 ℃ lower than the average daily temperature, and the watering interval is shortened. Can also. In addition, appropriate water management required from the formation of such a margin to the formation of a mushroom can naturally be performed on a matsutake mushroom cultivation site naturally existing in a red pine forest or the like.

[0022]

According to the present invention described above, claim 1
In the described invention, the mycelium can be easily formed on the fine roots of the pine by contacting the pine mushroom hyphae with the mycorrhizal complex separated from other pine. Therefore, matsutake mushrooms can be easily cultivated in places away from the forest, at home, and the like.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the matsutake mushroom cultivation area is placed in a pot, so that the handling and management of the matsutake mushroom cultivation area can be easily performed.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, a draining partition member for supporting the bottom of the culture medium is provided inside the pot, and the upper surface of the partition member is supported by being inclined to the south.
The top surface of the culture medium is inclined so as to be suitable for cultivation of matsutake mushrooms, so that it is easy to receive sunlight from the south, and the culture medium can be drained well.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to carry out appropriate water management necessary for forming the margin at the time of forming the margin. Therefore, matsutake can be easily generated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a pine mushroom cultivation pot to which the present invention is applied when pine is planted, as viewed from the right side.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Pot 2 ... Drainage hole 3 ... Drainage partition plate 4 ... Medium storage space 5 ... Drainage space 6, 7 ... Front and rear wall 8,
9 ... drain hole 10 ... culture medium 11 ... Akamatsu 12 ... fine root
13: Clot 14: Combined pine mushroom mycelium and mycorrhiza 15: Planting hole 16: Top 17: Matsutake mushroom cultivation pot

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. Using a weakly acidic soil as a culture medium, planting or growing one or more pine trees over 3 years old in the culture medium, and separating from the other pine trees in the culture medium so as to contact the fine roots of the pine trees. A matsutake mushroom cultivation area characterized by embedding a combined pine mushroom mycelium and mycorrhiza. 2. A matsutake mushroom cultivation pot, wherein the matsutake mushroom cultivation area according to claim 1 is placed in a pot. 3. A pot for cultivating matsutake mushrooms, wherein a drainage partition member for supporting the bottom of the culture medium is installed inside the pot according to claim 2, and the upper surface of the partition member is tilted southward and supported. 4. When the average daily temperature of the matsutake mushroom cultivation area or the matsutake mushroom cultivation pot reaches about 25 ° C., the water temperature of about 3 ° C. lower than the average daily temperature is lengthened, and the interval of watering is extended to regularly. Cultivating matsutake mushrooms, characterized in that when the average temperature of the day reaches about 20 ° C, water with a water temperature about 3 ° C lower than the average temperature of the day is periodically provided with a shorter watering interval. .