JP2818975B2 - 界面活性剤を含有する中空繊維膜とその製造法 - Google Patents
界面活性剤を含有する中空繊維膜とその製造法Info
- Publication number
- JP2818975B2 JP2818975B2 JP6502327A JP50232794A JP2818975B2 JP 2818975 B2 JP2818975 B2 JP 2818975B2 JP 6502327 A JP6502327 A JP 6502327A JP 50232794 A JP50232794 A JP 50232794A JP 2818975 B2 JP2818975 B2 JP 2818975B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- polymer
- water
- fibers
- flux
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 100
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005565 cyclic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 84
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 31
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-demethyl-aloesaponarin I Natural products O=C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101100165186 Caenorhabditis elegans bath-34 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005362 aryl sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002615 hemofiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100493712 Caenorhabditis elegans bath-42 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003295 Radel® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003147 molecular marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000110 poly(aryl ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000710 polymer precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
- B01D67/00111—Polymer pretreatment in the casting solutions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
- B01D71/64—Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/022—Asymmetric membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/36—Hydrophilic membranes
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US90238992A | 1992-06-23 | 1992-06-23 | |
| US902,389 | 1992-06-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07504615A JPH07504615A (ja) | 1995-05-25 |
| JP2818975B2 true JP2818975B2 (ja) | 1998-10-30 |
Family
ID=25415800
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6502327A Expired - Fee Related JP2818975B2 (ja) | 1992-06-23 | 1993-04-05 | 界面活性剤を含有する中空繊維膜とその製造法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0647156A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2818975B2 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU4279093A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2136006C (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1994000222A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0824960A4 (fr) * | 1995-05-09 | 1998-11-11 | Teijin Ltd | Membrane fibre creuse a base de polymere de polysulfone et son procede de production |
| US5837234A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-11-17 | Cytotherapeutics, Inc. | Bioartificial organ containing cells encapsulated in a permselective polyether suflfone membrane |
| US5798333A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-08-25 | Sherman; Bernard C. | Water-soluble concentrates containing cyclosporins |
| GB2352652A (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-07 | Fsm Technologies Ltd | Pre-treating hollow fibre membranes for micro-organism detection |
| JP4211168B2 (ja) | 1999-12-21 | 2009-01-21 | 東レ株式会社 | 透析器の製造方法および滅菌法 |
| WO2002034374A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-05-02 | Kaneka Corporation | Membrane hydrophylisee et procede d'hydrophylisation |
| DE102004008220B4 (de) * | 2004-02-19 | 2006-01-12 | Membrana Gmbh | High-Flux Dialysemembran mit verbessertem Trennverhalten |
| EP2383031B1 (fr) | 2006-10-18 | 2016-05-25 | Gambro Lundia AB | Utilisation d'une membrane à fibre creuse pour le microdialyse |
| CN102713029B (zh) * | 2009-10-29 | 2015-04-29 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 制备超支化中空纤维的方法 |
| CN113648841A (zh) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-16 | 苏州中色德源环保科技有限公司 | 一种中空纤维膜干态保存方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0270447U (fr) * | 1988-11-18 | 1990-05-29 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2482468A1 (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1981-11-20 | Bend Res Inc | Reverse osmosis composite membrane is hollow fibre - whose inner surface is coated with interfacial salt rejecting membrane |
| US5163977A (en) * | 1991-08-22 | 1992-11-17 | The Dow Chemical Company | Semi-permeable gas separation membranes containing non-ionic surfactants possessing improved resistance to thermal compaction and processes for making and using the same |
-
1993
- 1993-04-05 EP EP93912130A patent/EP0647156A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-04-05 JP JP6502327A patent/JP2818975B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-05 WO PCT/US1993/003211 patent/WO1994000222A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-04-05 AU AU42790/93A patent/AU4279093A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-04-05 CA CA002136006A patent/CA2136006C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0270447U (fr) * | 1988-11-18 | 1990-05-29 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1994000222A1 (fr) | 1994-01-06 |
| JPH07504615A (ja) | 1995-05-25 |
| CA2136006A1 (fr) | 1994-01-06 |
| EP0647156A1 (fr) | 1995-04-12 |
| AU4279093A (en) | 1994-01-24 |
| CA2136006C (fr) | 1999-11-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5683584A (en) | Hollow fiber membranes and method of manufacture | |
| US8262778B2 (en) | Membrane post treatment | |
| US20040191894A1 (en) | Membrane polymer compositions | |
| US20030134550A1 (en) | Braid-reinforced hollow fiber membrane | |
| JPH02151636A (ja) | 等方性の微孔性ポリスルホン膜の製造法 | |
| JP2818975B2 (ja) | 界面活性剤を含有する中空繊維膜とその製造法 | |
| JP3026493B2 (ja) | ポリスルホン系中空糸膜の製造方法及びポリスルホン系中空糸膜 | |
| CN114699934B (zh) | 分离膜材料及制备方法及应用 | |
| AU658885B2 (en) | Fiber spinning process and product thereof | |
| CN1253241C (zh) | 沉浸凝胶法纺制外压式聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的制法及其制品 | |
| EP0824960A1 (fr) | Membrane fibre creuse a base de polymere de polysulfone et son procede de production | |
| RU2808876C1 (ru) | Способ получения мембраны из полисульфона для фильтрации водных сред | |
| JPH119977A (ja) | ポリエチレン製複合微多孔質中空糸膜 | |
| CN115722086A (zh) | 中空纤维纳米级分离膜及其制备工艺 | |
| KR100231262B1 (ko) | 재흡수성이 우수한 중공사막의 제조방법 | |
| JP3524637B2 (ja) | 高分子多孔質膜の製造方法 | |
| JP2022538578A (ja) | Ｎｍｐ系膜中の反応性添加剤 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080828 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090828 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100828 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110828 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110828 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120828 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |