JP2023540844A - バッテリデバイスをパッケージングする方法 - Google Patents
バッテリデバイスをパッケージングする方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023540844A JP2023540844A JP2023504327A JP2023504327A JP2023540844A JP 2023540844 A JP2023540844 A JP 2023540844A JP 2023504327 A JP2023504327 A JP 2023504327A JP 2023504327 A JP2023504327 A JP 2023504327A JP 2023540844 A JP2023540844 A JP 2023540844A
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
一緒にパックされた複数のバッテリセルを含むバッテリパックは、電気自動車産業において重要になってきている。各バッテリセルは、典型的には、電極コア、電解質溶液、及び金属シェルを含み、当該電極コア及び電解質溶液は、当該金属シェルのチャンバ内に位置している。バッテリセルはまた、バッテリセルに適切な電気絶縁及び機械的保護を提供する1つ以上のパッケージング層で封入される必要もある。例えば、パッケージング層は、バッテリセルの短絡を防ぐための良好な電気絶縁特性、例えば、1012オームセンチメートル(ohm・cm)以上の体積抵抗を有する必要がある。バッテリパックを電気自動車で使用する場合、各セルのパッケージング層は、バッテリパックの寿命期間全体にわたる連続振動及び摩耗に耐えるために、バランスのとれた可撓性及び硬度、並びに耐摩耗特性を有する必要もある。バッテリセルのパッケージング材料はまた、バッテリセルの生産において使用される電解質又は他の化学物質の漏出によって引き起こされる潜在的な損傷を回避するのに十分な耐薬品性を有する必要もある。バッテリセルのパッケージング層は、例えば、高い画像鮮明度(distinctness of image、DOI)(例えば、74以上)をもたらすように、良好な外観を有することが更に望ましい。
(式中、点線は、構造単位のポリマー骨格への結合点を表す)に図示される通りである。
(式中、R1は、C6-C18分岐脂肪族基であり、好ましくは、R1は、8~18個の炭素原子、8~16個の炭素原子、8~14個の炭素原子、10~14個の炭素原子、又は12~14個の炭素原子を含有し、より好ましくは、R1は、2-エチルヘキシル又は
(式中、Ra及びRbは、各々独立して、C1-C17脂肪族基であり、ただし、Ra及びRbは、合わせて7~17個の炭素原子、7~15個の炭素原子、7~13個、又は11~13個の炭素原子を含有する)であり、
R2は、水素、C1-C4直鎖若しくは分岐脂肪族基、又はベンジル、好ましくは、水素であり、
R3及びR4は、各々独立して、水素又はC1-C6脂肪族基であり、ただし、R3及びR4は、合わせて1~6個の炭素原子を含有し、好ましくは、R3及びR4は、各々独立して、水素、メチル、又はエチルであり、
R5及びR6は、各々独立して、水素又はC1-C6脂肪族基であり、ただし、R5及びR6は、合わせて1~6個の炭素原子を含有し、好ましくは、R5及びR6は、各々独立して、水素、メチル、又はエチルであり、
xは、0~10、0~8、2~7、又は3~6の範囲の平均値であり、
yは、5~15、5~14、6~13、又は7~12の範囲の平均値であり、
zは、0~5、0~4、0.5~3.5、又は1~3の範囲の平均値であり、
ただし、x+z>0である)を有し得る。
(式中、Ra及びRbは、上に定義した通りであり、例えば、Ra及びRbは、合わせて11~13個の炭素原子を含有する)である。より好ましくは、エチレンオキシド単位は、アルコールアルコキシレートの重量に基づいて、40重量%~70重量%又は45重量%~68重量%の量で存在する。
水性分散液中のポリマー粒子の粒径は、光子相関分光法(試料粒子の光散乱)の技術を用いるBrookhaven BI-90 Plus Particle Size Analyzerを使用して測定した。この方法では、試験される2滴の水性分散液を、20mLの0.01M塩化ナトリウム(NaCl)溶液中で希釈し、更に、得られた混合物を試料キュベット内で希釈して、所望の計数率(K)(例えば、Kは、10~300nmの範囲の直径に関して250~500カウント/秒の範囲である)を達成することを伴った。次いで、水性ポリマー分散液の粒径を測定し、強度によりZ平均直径として報告した。
5~10ミリグラム(mg)の試料を、窒素雰囲気下でオートサンプラーを取り付けたTA Instrument DSC Q2000上の密閉アルミニウムパンにおいて分析した。DSCによるTg測定は、10℃/分で-40→180℃(第1のサイクル、次いで5分間保持して試料の熱履歴を消去する)、10℃/分で180→-40℃(第2のサイクル)、及び10℃/分で-40→180℃(第3のサイクル)を含む3つのサイクルを含んでいた。Tgは、熱流対温度遷移における中点をTg値とすることによって、第3のサイクルから取得した。
ポリマーのGPC分析は、概して、Agilent1200により実行した。試料を2mg/mLの濃度のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)/ギ酸(FA)(5%)に溶解し、次いでGPC分析の前に0.45μmのポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)フィルターで濾過した。GPC分析は、次の条件を使用して実行された。
鉛筆硬度試験は、ASTM D 3363(2011)に従って、コーティングされた鋼パネル(Q-パネルR-46)で実施した。鉛筆がフィルムに切り込みを入れもせず、削り取りもしなかったときの鉛筆の芯の硬度を記録した。F以上の硬度が許容可能である。
DOI測定は、BYK Gardenerマイクロ波スキャンメーター(BYK-Gardner USA,Columbia,Md.)を使用して、ASTM D5767-18(Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Measurement of Distinctness-of-Image Gloss of Coating Surfaces)に従って、コーティングされたアルミニウムパネル(Q-パネルR-46)で実施した。各パネルにつき、3つの別個の読み取り値の平均をDOI値として記録した。DOIが高いほど、より良好である。コーティングのDOIが低すぎて測定できない場合、BYK Gardenerマイクロ波スキャンメーターの読み取り値は、「測定不可、艶消度>55」と示され、以下の表3には「測定不可」と記録する(このようなコーティングに反射された物体がみえたとき、その画像は不明瞭になり、ゆがむ)。
固形分含有量は、0.7±0.1gの試料(試料の湿重量を「W1」と表記する)を量り、150℃のオーブン内のアルミニウムパン(アルミニウムパンの重さを「W2」と表記する)に25分間入れ、次いで、乾燥した試料が入っているアルミニウムパンを冷却し、「W3」と表記する総重量を量ることによって測定した。試料の固形分含有量は、(W3-W2)/W1*100%で計算する。
コーティングされたアルミニウムパネル(Q-パネルA-46)の乾燥膜厚(DFT)を、BYKO-試験8500を使用して測定した。3つの別個の読み取り値の平均を記録した。
VR試験は、ASTM D 257-18に従って、コーティングされたアルミニウムパネル(Q-パネルA46)で行った。Keithley6517B電位計を、Keithley8009試験固定具と組み合わせて使用した。Keithleyモデル8009試験チャンバーを、高温(最高80℃)で動作することができる送風オーブン内に入れた。以下の式によってVRを算出した:
(式中、ρは、VR(ohm・cm)であり、Vは、印加電圧(ボルト)であり、Αは、電極接触面積(cm2)であり、tは、膜厚(cm)であり、Ιは、漏洩電流(アンペア)である。VR試験は、室温で1000ボルトにて行った。コーティングされたパネル上の乾燥コーティングフィルムの厚さを試験前に測定した。漏洩電流は、機器から直接読み取った。各パネルにつき、パネル上の5点を測定し、平均値を、VRを計算するための上記式で使用した。各試料について、2枚のコーティングされたパネルでVR試験を2回繰り返し、VR値の2つのデータ点を平均した。
耐衝撃性は、ASTM D 5420-10に従って、BYK GARDNER衝撃試験機を使用して、コーティングされたアルミニウムパネル(Q-パネルA46)で評価した。結果をcm(0.91kg)で報告する。
メチルエチルケトン(MEK)二重耐擦り性を使用して、コーティングフィルムの耐薬品性を評価した。MEK二重耐擦り性試験は、ASTM D5402(1999)に従って、コーティングされたアルミニウムパネル(Q-パネルA46)で実施した。Atlasクロックメーターを使用して二重擦りを実行し、チーズクロスを使用して十分なMEK溶液を保持した。コーティングフィルムが最初に破れるのにかかった二重擦りの数を記録した。各コーティングフィルムについて2回の測定を行った。
318グラム(g)の脱イオン(DI)水、Fes993界面活性剤(23g、30%)、MMA(149g)、ST(306g)、EHA(176g)、HEMA(304g)、AAEM(51g)、MAA(16g)、PEM(16g)、及びn-DDM(21g)を混合することによって、モノマーエマルジョンを調製した。DI水(600g)及びFes993界面活性剤(43g、30%)を、機械的撹拌を取り付けた5リットルの多口フラスコに充填した。フラスコの内容物を窒素雰囲気下で90℃まで加熱した。次いで、DI水(16.9g)中アンモニア(2.5g、25%)、モノマーエマルジョン(29g)、及びDI水(16.9g)中過硫酸アンモニウム(APS)(2.0g)を、撹拌したフラスコに添加し、続いて、DI水(3.75g)ですすいだ。残りのモノマーエマルジョンを、86℃で160分にわたって更に添加し、続いてDI水(30g)ですすいだ。重合の終わりに、DI水(15.75g)中EDTA四ナトリウム塩(0.005g)と混合したDI水(15.75g)中FeSO4.7H2O(0.005g)と、DI水(32.8g)中t-BHP(70%、1.6g)の溶液と、DI水(34.3g)中IAA(0.8g)の溶液と、DI水(16.4g)中t-BHP(0.8g)の溶液と、DI水(17.2g)中IAA(0.4g)の溶液とを全て、60℃でフラスコに添加し、次いで、DI水(16.65g)中アンモニア(7.0g、25%)を50℃で添加して、水性分散液を得た。
DI水(271g)、Fes993界面活性剤(40.4g、30%)、MMA(144g)、ST(281g)、EHA(161g)、HEMA(278g)、AAEM(46g)、AA(12g)、PEM(7g)、及びn-DDM(37g)を混合することによって、モノマーエマルジョンを調製した。DI水(568g)及びFes993界面活性剤(20g、30%)を、機械的撹拌を取り付けた5リットルの多口フラスコに充填した。フラスコの内容物を窒素雰囲気下で90℃まで加熱した。次いで、DI水(18g)中のアンモニア水(2.3g、25%)、モノマーエマルジョン(76g)、及びDI水(22g)中のAPS(1.9g)を、撹拌したフラスコに添加し、続いてDI水(4g)ですすいだ。残りのモノマーエマルジョンを、86℃で160分にわたって更に添加し、続いてDI水(30g)ですすいだ。重合の終わりに、DI水(15.75g)中EDTA四ナトリウム塩(0.005g)と混合したDI水(15.75g)中FeSO4.7H2O(0.005g)と、DI水(26g)中t-BHP(1.4g、70%水溶液)の溶液と、DI水(26g)中IAA(0.7g)の溶液と、DI水(8g)中t-BHP(0.4g)の溶液と、DI水(8g)中IAA(0.2g)の溶液とを全て、60℃でフラスコに添加し、次いで、DI水(16.65g)中アンモニア(7.0g、25%)を50℃で添加して、水性分散液を得た。
PD3は、DI水(271g)、Fes993界面活性剤(30%)(40.4g)、MMA(144g)、ST(281g)、EHA(161g)、HEMA(278g)、AAEM(46g)、AA(12g)、PEM(7g)、及びn-DDM(9g)を混合することによってモノマーエマルジョンを調製したことを除いて、PD2の合成と同様に調製した。
PD4は、DI水(271g)、Fes993界面活性剤(40.4g、30%)、MMA(146g)、ST(363g)、EHA(78g)、HEMA(278g)、AAEM(46g)、AA(12g)、PEM(7g)、及びn-DDM(19g)を混合することによってモノマーエマルジョンを調製したことを除いて、PD2の合成と同様に調製した。
PD5は、DI水(271g)、Fes993界面活性剤(30%)(40.4g)、MMA(31g)、ST(282g)、EHA(275g)、HEMA(278g)、AAEM(46g)、AA(12g)、PEM(7g)、及びn-DDM(19g)を混合することによってモノマーエマルジョンを調製したことを除いて、PD2の合成と同様に調製した。
1Brookfield粘度計DV-I Primer(60rpm、スピンドル#2)によって測定した粘度、2DSCによって測定したTg、3上記のGPC分析によって得られたMn及びMw。
表2-1に示される処方に基づいて、実施例1~10、15~18、及び20~24並びに比較例Eを調製した。表2-2に示される処方に基づいて、比較例C及びDを調製した。パッケージング材料組成物を調製するために使用したアルコールアルコキシレート(AO)の種類を表3に列挙する。二成分組成物の調製については、粉砕物を調製するための成分を、高速Cowles分散機を使用して毎分1,500回転(rpm)で30分間混合して、粉砕物を形成した。次いで、従来のラボミキサーを使用して、希釈物(letdown)中の成分を粉砕物に添加して、パートAを得た。パートAを一晩放置し、次いで、高速分散機を600rpmで10分間使用してパートBをパートAに添加して、各パッケージング材料組成物を形成した。比較例C及びEの一成分パッケージング材料組成物の調製については、高速Cowles分散機を使用して1,500rpmで30分間成分を混合して、組成物を得た。
UV-414UV硬化性処方物を、異なる膜厚で噴霧することによって、金属基材(アルミニウム又は鋼パネル)の表面上に塗布した。噴霧直後に、得られたパネルをUV硬化機(HeraeusF300S、キセノンランプ)に入れ、10秒間照射した。比較例A及びBについて、それぞれ60μm及び100μmの乾燥膜厚を有する得られたコーティングされたパネルを、上記の実施例のセクションに記載した試験方法に従って評価した。
実施例11は、希釈段階で使用したアルコールアルコキシレート及び脱イオン水の量がそれぞれ1.6g及び3.81gであったことを除いて、実施例6と同様に調製した。
実施例12は、希釈段階で使用したアルコールアルコキシレート及び脱イオン水の量がそれぞれ1.2g及び4.21gであったことを除いて、実施例6と同様に調製した。
実施例13は、希釈段階で使用したアルコールアルコキシレート及び脱イオン水の量がそれぞれ1g及び4.41gであったことを除いて、実施例6と同様に調製した。
実施例14は、希釈段階で使用したアルコールアルコキシレート及び脱イオン水の量がそれぞれ0.5g及び4.91gであったことを除いて、実施例6と同様に調製した。
実施例19は、希釈段階で使用したDI水の量が5.41グラムであり、アルコールアルコキシレートを使用しなかったことを除いて、実施例6と同様に調製した。
1PAO投入量:エマルジョンポリマーの乾燥重量に基づく重量による;2n.m.-測定不可。
Claims (15)
- バッテリデバイスを金属シェルでパッケージングする方法であって、
水系二成分ポリウレタン組成物を前記バッテリデバイスの前記金属シェルに塗布することと、
塗布された前記ポリウレタン組成物を乾燥させてパッケージング層を形成することと、
を含み、
前記ポリウレタン組成物が、
(A)ヒドロキシル官能性ポリマーを含む水性分散液であって、前記ヒドロキシル官能性ポリマーが、前記ヒドロキシル官能性ポリマーの重量に基づいて、20重量%~50重量%のヒドロキシ官能性アルキル(メタ)アクリレートの構造単位、0.1重量%~10重量%の酸モノマー、その塩、又はそれらの混合物の構造単位、及びモノエチレン性不飽和非イオン性モノマーの構造単位を含む、水性分散液と、
(B)ポリイソシアネートと、を含む、方法。 - 前記パッケージング層が、30μm~120μmの厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリウレタン組成物の乾燥が、50℃~80℃の温度で行われる、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロキシル官能性ポリマーが、エマルジョンポリマーである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記水性分散液(A)が、前記エマルジョンポリマーの重量に基づいて、2重量%~20重量%のアルコールアルコキシレートを更に含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 1,000g/モル以下の分子量を有する前記アルコールアルコキシレートが、式(I)、
(式中、R1は、C6-C18分岐脂肪族基であり、R2は、水素、C1-C4直鎖若しくは分岐脂肪族基、又はベンジルであり、R3及びR4は、各々独立して、水素又はC1-C6脂肪族基であり、ただし、R3及びR4は、合わせて1~6個の炭素原子を含有し、R5及びR6は、各々独立して、水素又はC1-C6脂肪族基であり、ただし、R5及びR6は、合わせて1~6個の炭素原子を含有し、xは、0~10の範囲の平均値であり、yは、5~15の範囲の平均値であり、zは、0~5の範囲の平均値であり、ただし、x+z>0である)を有し、前記アルコールアルコキシレートが、前記アルコールアルコキシレートの重量に基づいて、25重量%~75重量%のエチレンオキシド単位を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。 - 式(I)中、R1が、2-エチルヘキシル又は
(式中、Ra及びRbは、各々独立して、C1-C17脂肪族基であり、Ra及びRbは、合わせて7~17個の炭素原子を含有する)である、請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記ヒドロキシル官能性ポリマーが、50,000g/モル以下の重量平均分子量を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロキシ官能性アルキル(メタ)アクリレートが、2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート、又はそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロキシル官能性ポリマーが、10~80℃のガラス転移温度を有する、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリイソシアネートが、脂肪族ジイソシアネート、その二量体及び三量体、又はそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリイソシアネート中のイソシアネート基当量の総数の、前記水性分散液中のヒドロキシル基当量の総数に対する当量比が、3:1~0.8:1の範囲である、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記パッケージング層が、30μm~120μmの膜厚で1012ohm.cm以上の体積抵抗を有する電気絶縁層である、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記パッケージング層が、74以上の画像鮮明度を有する、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法から得られる、バッテリパッケージ。
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