JP2023091771A - ロボット蛍光透視ナビゲーション - Google Patents
ロボット蛍光透視ナビゲーション Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
●decは、エミッタからコレクタまでのmm単位の距離である。
配向を確立するためのBBの配列の代替として、金属ワイヤなどの放射線不透過性材料から形成されるようなリング又は他の形状を、位置合わせ固定具における基準として使用することが可能である。図20を参照すると、リング位置合わせ固定具2300は、同じ又は異なる直径(例えば、50~300mm)の2つの平行リング2304及び2306と共に示されており、これらのリングは、離間した(例えば、50~300mmだけ離間した)平行平面内に同心円状に位置付けられている。リング2304及び2306の中心の識別を容易にするために、リングはまた、リング自体と同じ又は異なる直径のワイヤ又は他の放射線不透過性材料で形成された1つ以上の十字線2308A及び2308Bを有してもよい。リングのいくつかの望ましい特徴としては、正確に円形であるリング、投影された楕円及び十字線交点の直径が正確であるように十字線が正確な中心を通過するリングなどが挙げられる。加えて、リングがX線画像に対してある角度にある場合にリングが適切に投影されるように、リングの断面が平坦ではなく円形であることが望ましい場合がある。リングを形作るための可能な方法としては、ワイヤの切片を溶接するか、ないしは別の方法で接着すること、放射線不透過性構築材料を使用して高速プロトタイピング(3D印刷)を行うこと、プリント回路基板の製作に使用されるのと同じ方法でエッチングすることなどが挙げられる。
decは、エミッタからコレクタまでのmm単位の距離である。
リングを横切る図が、リング平面を横切るように見た視点からコレクタ平面に対して任意の入射角にある、図29に示される視点から見たときの、円錐に対して任意の角度の平面に当たって集光プレート上に画像を投影する円錐ビームについて考える。リング平面は、挿入図に示されるようにページの内外にあり、図は正のzからであり、再フォーマットされたx軸及びy軸は、3D座標系に示されるように方向付けられる。この例では、円錐の頂部(例えば、X線エミッタ)から画像が知覚されるコレクタまでの距離decが固定されている。下付き文字「a」が使用されるのは、同じ入射角α及び直径l0bを有するこのリングに平行な第2のリングが存在するためであり、第2のリングは、下付き文字「b」を有する。プレート及びその上の3D空間の座標系は、2D画像の中心がXp=0にあり、3D空間の中心もxr=0にあるように位置付けられることに留意されたい。
L2a=画素座標におけるリングaの楕円投影の最大直径。
Dcab=スケーリングされていない近視野の中心と、楕円及びスケーリングされた遠視野楕円との間の画像座標における距離。
方位角φ(リング入射の回転軸をy軸上に置くのに必要な角度)は、楕円のうちの1つの主軸に対する角度にすぎないように見え得る。例えば、図33は、y軸を中心として生じるα=20°の入射角を有する2つの円形リングのX線(視差を有する)上のモデル化された外観を示す。両方の楕円の長軸は、y軸に沿って配向されているように見え、したがって、方位角φ=0°が予想される。一見したところ、一方又は両方の楕円の長軸の配向は、画像処理を使用して評価され、θを決定するために使用され得る。しかしながら、リング位置が画像の中心からオフセットされる場合、楕円の長軸は方位角を精密に反映しないことが見て取れる。数値データから生成された図34に示される例では、2つの楕円の主軸の配向に明確な不一致がある。図34では、モデル化された外観が、y軸の周りに生じるα=24.5°の入射角を有する2つの平行な円形リングのX線(視差を有する)上に示されている。両方のリングはX線の中心からオフセットされている。両方の楕円の長軸は、y軸に対して可視の角度をなしているように見える。加えて、より大きな楕円の長軸は、より小さな楕円のものとは異なる方位角を有するように見える。この場合、方位角はφ=0°であることが分かっているが、画像処理ではこの角度が正しく与えられない。
外科用ロボットプラットフォームと併用するような医療処置の計画において、外科用ねじなどの医用物体の配置の計画は、2D画像に基づいて3Dで提供され得る。例えば、そのような計画では、2D図のうちの1つにねじを表すために描かれる線分は、線分が描かれる平面の内外(例えば、z次元)に特定の次元を有するものと仮定され得る。また、その線分が描かれる平面の内外への特定の開始及び終了のz座標を有するものと仮定され得る。例えば、椎弓根ねじが前後方向及び横方向のX線画像上で計画されている場合、z座標についての適切な仮定は、横方向のX線上のねじの寸法がねじの最大長を表すということであり得る。すなわち、ねじは、平面の内外に対して角度をなさず、したがって、横方向画像のローカル座標系上のねじの先端及び尾端のz座標は、同一である。先端及び尾端について等しいz座標は、前後方向画像の中心にねじを配置するのに適切な値であると仮定され得る。すなわち、ユーザが横方向平面図でx座標及びy座標を選択する場合、横方向画像のz座標が前後方向画像で画面の中心にねじ画像を見せるものであれば、どのようなものでも使用される。
Claims (20)
- 医用画像の三次元追跡空間への位置合わせのために外科用ナビゲーションシステムと共に使用するための位置合わせ固定具であって、
X線医用撮像デバイスのフラットパネル検出器の上に取り付けられるように適合された基部フレームと、
前記基部フレームに装着されたプレートであって、前記プレートは、第1の所定のパターンで内部に埋め込まれた第1の放射線不透過性マーカのセットと、第2の所定のパターンで内部に埋め込まれた第2の放射線不透過性マーカのセットと、を有する、プレートと、
複数の光学追跡マーカを有する側部フレームであって、前記基部フレームと前記側部フレームとの間に挿入される滅菌ドレープを貫通することなく前記基部フレームに取り外し可能に取り付けられるように適合された側部フレームと、を備える、位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記側部フレームは、非貫通式に前記基部フレームに運動学的に取り付けられている、請求項1に記載の位置合わせ固定具。
- 前記基部フレームは、少なくとも3つの離間した運動学的マウントポイントを含み、
前記側部フレームは、かつ前記基部フレーム上の対応する前記運動学的マウントポイントに取り付けられるように適合された相補的運動学的マウントポイントと、
非貫通式クランプと、を含む、請求項1に記載の位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記基部フレームの前記運動学的ポイントは、複数の凹部を含み、前記相補的運動学的ポイントは、前記凹部と自己整合するように適合された複数の球状ボールを含む、請求項3に記載の位置合わせ固定具。
- 前記非貫通式ドレープクランプは、
前記基部フレームの側壁上に取り付け可能なU字型クランプと、
ハンドルであって、前記側部フレームを前記基部フレームに固定するために、前記ハンドルの回転が前記U字型クランプを前記基部フレームに押し付けるように、前記U字型クランプにねじ止めによって結合されたねじ付きシャフトを有する、ハンドルと、を含む、請求項3に記載の位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記非貫通式ドレープクランプは、
前記基部フレームの側壁上に取り付け可能なU字型クランプと、
回転ピンと、
前記回転ピンに結合され、前記U字型クランプを前記基部フレームに押し付けるように前記U字型クランプを移動させるように構成されたカムハンドルと、を含む、請求項3に記載の位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記側部フレームは、
前記基部フレームの一方の側で横方向に延在し、第1の方向で、前記基部フレームから離れる方向を向いて離間した追跡マーカを有する第1の側部フレームと、
前記基部フレームの他方の側で横方向に延在し、前記第1の方向とは反対側の第2の方向で、前記基部フレームから離れる方向を向いて離間した追跡マーカを有する第2の側部フレームと、を含む、請求項1に記載の位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記第1の側部フレーム及び前記第2の側部フレームは、前記基部フレームに取り付けられたときに互いに平行である、請求項7に記載の位置合わせ固定具。
- 前記光学追跡マーカは、光を反射するように適合された複数の離間した球状マーカを含む、請求項1に記載の位置合わせ固定具。
- 前記光学追跡マーカは、光を反射するように適合された複数の離間したフラットディスクマーカを含む、請求項1に記載の位置合わせ固定具。
- 前記光学追跡マーカは、
光を反射するように適合された複数の離間した球状マーカと、
光を反射するように適合された複数の離間したフラットディスクマーカと、を含む、請求項1に記載の位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記球状マーカのうちの少なくともいくつかは、前記フラットディスクマーカと共に散在している、請求項11に記載の位置合わせ固定具。
- 前記基部フレームから延在し、位置合わせ中に前記基部フレームを前記X線医用撮像デバイスの前記検出器パネルに一時的に固定するために前記フラットパネル検出器の下側に巻き付くように適合された、少なくとも1つのストラップを更に備える、請求項1に記載の位置合わせ固定具。
- 前記基部フレームの一方の側から延在する第1のストラップと、
前記基部フレームの他方の側から延在する第2のストラップと、
前記第1のストラップ及び前記第2のストラップに結合され、位置合わせ中に前記基部フレームを前記X線医用撮像デバイスの前記検出器パネルに一時的に固定するために、前記第1のストラップの長さを前記第2のストラップに対して調節可能に適合されたラチェットと、を更に備える、請求項1に記載の位置合わせ固定具。 - 医用画像の三次元追跡空間への位置合わせのために外科用ナビゲーションシステムと共に使用するための位置合わせ固定具であって、
X線医用撮像デバイスのフラットパネル検出器の上に取り付けられるように適合された基部フレームと、
前記基部フレームに取り付けられた放射線透過性プレートであって、前記プレートは、所定のパターンで内部に埋め込まれ、第1の平面内に配設された第1の放射線不透過性マーカのセットと、所定のパターンで内部に埋め込まれ、第2の平面内に配設された第2の放射線不透過性マーカのセットと、を有し、前記第2の放射線不透過性マーカのセットは、前記第1の放射線不透過性マーカのセットの上方に配設されている、放射線透過性プレートと、
前記基部フレームに運動学的な方法で取り外し可能に装着されるように適合された側部フレームであって、前記側部フレームは、複数の光学追跡マーカと、前記側部フレームを滅菌ドレープ上で前記基部フレームにクランプするように適合された非貫通式クランプと、を有する、側部フレームと、を備える、位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記基部フレームは、少なくとも3つの離間した運動学的マウントポイントを含み、
前記側部フレームは、かつ前記基部フレーム上の前記対応する運動学的マウントポイントに取り付けられるように適合された相補的運動学的マウントポイントを含む、請求項15に記載の位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記基部フレームの前記運動学的ポイントは、複数の凹部を含み、前記相補的運動学的ポイントは、前記凹部と自己整合するように適合された複数の球状ボールを含む、請求項16に記載の位置合わせ固定具。
- 前記非貫通式ドレープクランプは、
前記基部フレームの側壁上に取り付け可能なU字型クランプと、
ハンドルであって、前記側部フレームを前記基部フレームに固定するために、前記ハンドルの回転が前記U字型クランプを前記基部フレームに押し付けるように、前記U字型クランプにねじ止めによって結合されたねじ付きシャフトを有する、ハンドルと、を含む、請求項16に記載の位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記非貫通式ドレープクランプは、
前記基部フレームの側壁上に取り付け可能なU字型クランプと、
回転ピンと、
前記回転ピンに結合され、前記U字型クランプを前記基部フレームに押し付けるように前記U字型クランプを移動させるように構成されたカムハンドルと、を含む、請求項16に記載の位置合わせ固定具。 - 前記側部フレームは、
前記基部フレームの一方の側で横方向に延在し、第1の方向で、前記基部フレームから離れる方向を向いて離間した追跡マーカを有する第1の側部フレームと、
前記基部フレームの他方の側で横方向に延在し、前記第1の方向とは反対側の第2の方向で、前記基部フレームから離れる方向を向いて離間した追跡マーカを有する第2の側部フレームと、を含む、請求項15に記載の位置合わせ固定具。
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JP2020526364A (ja) * | 2017-07-03 | 2020-08-31 | スパイン アライン リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 手術中アラインメント評価システム及び方法 |
JP2021171655A (ja) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-11-01 | グローバス メディカル インコーポレイティッド | 蛍光透視イメージングシステムのための固定具ならびに関連するナビゲーションシステムおよび方法 |
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US20240299102A1 (en) | 2024-09-12 |
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US20240138927A1 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
US20230190220A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
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