JP2022530043A - イオン化可能なアミン脂質及び脂質ナノ粒子 - Google Patents
イオン化可能なアミン脂質及び脂質ナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
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- C07D295/088—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
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- C07C219/02—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
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- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
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- C07C229/12—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of acyclic carbon skeletons
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- C07D205/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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- C07D205/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2019年4月25日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/838,551号及び2019年5月6日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/843,854号の優先権の利益を主張し、本出願の各々の全内容が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
X1が、O、NR1、または直接結合であり、
X2が、C2-5アルキレンであり、
X3が、C(=O)または直接結合であり、
R1が、HまたはMeであり、
R3が、C1-3アルキルであり、
R2が、C1-3アルキルであるか、または
R2が、それが結合している窒素原子、及びX2の1~3個の炭素原子と一緒になって、4、5、もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
X1が、NR1、R1、及びR2が、それらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5員もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
R2が、R3及びそれらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5、6、もしくは7員の環を形成し、
Y1が、C2-12アルキレンであり、
Y2が、
nが、0~3であり、
R4が、C1-15アルキルであり、
Z1が、C1-6アルキレンまたは直接結合であり、
Z2が、
R5が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
R6が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
Wが、メチレンまたは直接結合であり、
R7が、HまたはMeであり、
但し、R3及びR2が、C2アルキルであり、X1が、Oであり、X2が、直鎖C3アルキレンであり、X3が、C(=O)であり、Y1が、直鎖C6アルキレンであり、(Y2)n-R4が、
X2が、C2-5アルキレンであり、
X3が、C(=O)または直接結合であり、
R1が、HまたはMeであり、
R3が、C1-3アルキルであり、
R2が、C1-3アルキルであるか、または
R2が、それが結合している窒素原子、及びX2の1~3個の炭素原子と一緒になって、4、5、もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
X1が、NR1、R1、及びR2が、それらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5員もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
R2が、R3及びそれらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5、6、もしくは7員の環を形成し、
Y1が、C2-12アルキレンであり、
Y2が、
R4が、C3-15アルキルであり、
Z1が、C1-6アルキレンまたは直接結合であり、
Z2が、
R5が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
R6が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
Wが、メチレンまたは直接結合であり、
R7が、HまたはMeであり、
但し、R3及びR2が、C2アルキルであり、X1が、Oであり、X2が、直鎖C3アルキレンであり、X3が、C(=O)であり、Y1が、直鎖C6アルキレンであり、Y2が、
核酸、例えば、CRISPR/Casカーゴを含む、mRNA及びgRNAなどの生物学的に活性な薬剤を送達するための様々なLNP組成物が、本明細書に開示される。このようなLNP組成物は、中性脂質、PEG脂質、及びヘルパー脂質とともに、「イオン化可能なアミン脂質」を含む。「脂質ナノ粒子」または「LNP」は、意味を限定することなく、分子間力によって互いに物理的に結合する複数の(すなわち、2つ以上の)LNP成分を含む粒子を指す。
本開示は、LNP組成物で使用することができる脂質を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、脂質は、式IIの構造を有する化合物であって、
X1が、O、NR1、または直接結合であり、
X2が、C2-5アルキレンであり、
X3が、C(=O)または直接結合であり、
R1が、HまたはMeであり、
R3が、C1-3アルキルであり、
R2が、C1-3アルキルであるか、または
R2が、それが結合している窒素原子、及びX2の1~3個の炭素原子と一緒になって、4、5、もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
X1が、NR1、R1、及びR2が、それらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5員もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
R2が、R3及びそれらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5、6、もしくは7員の環を形成し、
Y1が、C2-12アルキレンであり、
Y2が、
nが、0~3であり、
R4が、C1-15アルキルであり、
Z1が、C1-6アルキレンまたは直接結合であり、
Z2が、
R5が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
R6が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
Wが、メチレンまたは直接結合であり、
R7が、HまたはMeであり、
但し、R3及びR2が、C2アルキルであり、X1が、Oであり、X2が、直鎖C3アルキレンであり、X3が、C(=O)であり、Y1が、直鎖C6アルキレンであり、(Y2)n-R4が、
X2が、C2-5アルキレンであり、
X3が、C(=O)または直接結合であり、
R1が、HまたはMeであり、
R3が、C1-3アルキルであり、
R2が、C1-3アルキルであるか、または
R2が、それが結合している窒素原子、及びX2の1~3個の炭素原子と一緒になって、4、5、もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
X1が、NR1、R1、及びR2が、それらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5員もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
R2が、R3及びそれらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5、6、もしくは7員の環を形成し、
Y1が、C2-12アルキレンであり、
Y2が、
R4が、C3-15アルキルであり、
Z1が、C1-6アルキレンまたは直接結合であり、
Z2が、
R5が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
R6が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
Wが、メチレンまたは直接結合であり、
R7が、HまたはMeであり、
但し、R3及びR2が、C2アルキルであり、X1が、Oであり、X2が、直鎖C3アルキレンであり、X3が、C(=O)であり、Y1が、直鎖C6アルキレンであり、Y2が、
本開示の脂質組成物における使用に適した「中性脂質」は、例えば、様々な中性、非荷電、または双性イオン性の脂質を含む。本開示における使用に適した中性リン脂質の例としては、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン(DPPC)、ジステアロイルホスファチジルコリン(DSPC)、ホスホコリン(DOPC)、ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(DMPC)、ホスファチジルコリン(PLPC)、1,2-ジステアロイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン(DAPC)、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン(PE)、卵ホスファチジルコリン(EPC)、ジラウリロイルホスファチジルコリン(DLPC)、ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(DMPC)、1-ミリストイル-2-パルミトイルホスファチジルコリン(MPPC)、1-パルミトイル-2-ミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(PMPC)、1-パルミトイル-2-ステアロイルホスファチジルコリン(PSPC)、1,2-ジアラキドイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン(DBPC)、1-ステアロイル-2-パルミトイルホスファチジルコリン(SPPC)、1,2-ジエイコセノイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン(DEPC)、パルミトイルオレオイルホスファチジルコリン(POPC)、リソホスファチジルコリン、ジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン(DOPE)、ジリノレオイルホスファチジルコリンジステアロイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン(DSPE)、ジミリストイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン(DMPE)、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン(DPPE)、パルミトイルオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン(POPE)、リソホスファチジルエタノールアミン、及びこれらの組み合わせが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。ある特定の実施形態では、中性リン脂質は、ジステアロイルホスファチジルコリン(DSPC)及びジミリストイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン(DMPE)、好ましくはジステアロイルホスファチジルコリン(DSPC)から選択されてもよい。
本発明は、式(II)または(I)の少なくとも1つの化合物またはその塩(例えば、その薬学的に許容される塩)、及び少なくとも1つの他の脂質成分を含む脂質組成物を提供する。そのような組成物はまた、生物学的に活性な薬剤を、任意選択で1つ以上の他の脂質成分と組み合わせて含有することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、脂質組成物は、脂質成分、及び生物学的に活性な薬剤を含む水性成分を含む。
脂質組成物は、LNP組成物として提供されてもよい。脂質ナノ粒子は、例えば、ミクロスフェア(単層及び多層の小胞、例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、実質的に球形であり、より具体的な実施形態では、水性コアを含み得る「リポソーム」ラメラ相脂質二重層を含み、例えば、RNA分子の実質的な部分を含む)、エマルション中の分散相、ミセル、または懸濁液中の内相であってもよい。
LNP組成物を介して送達されるカーゴは、生物学的に活性な薬剤であってもよい。ある特定の実施形態では、カーゴは、1つ以上の生物学的に活性な薬剤、例えば、mRNA、gRNA、発現ベクター、鋳型核酸、RNA誘導性DNA結合剤、抗体(例えば、モノクローナル、キメラ、ヒト化、ナノボディ、及びそれらの断片など)、コレステロール、ホルモン、ペプチド、タンパク質、化学療法剤及び他のタイプの抗腫瘍薬、低分子量薬物、ビタミン、補因子、ヌクレオシド、ヌクレオチド、オリゴヌクレオチド、酵素的核酸、アンチセンス核酸、三重鎖形成オリゴヌクレオチド、アンチセンスDNAまたはRNA組成物、キメラDNA:RNA組成物、アロザイム、アプタマー、リボザイム、デコイ及びその類似体、プラスミド及び他の種類のベクター、ならびに小核酸分子、RNAi剤、低分子干渉核酸(siNA)、低分子干渉RNA(siRNA)、二本鎖RNA(dsRNA)、マイクロRNA(miRNA)、ショートヘアピンRNA(shRNA)、及び「自己複製RNA」(レプリカーゼ酵素活性をコードし、それ自体のインビボでの複製または増幅を誘導することができる)分子、ペプチド核酸(PNA)、ロックド核酸リボヌクレオチド(LNA)、モルホリノヌクレオチド、トレオース核酸(TNA)、グリコール核酸(GNA)、sisiRNA(低分子内部セグメント化干渉RNA)、及びiRNA(非対称干渉RNA)であるか、またはそれらを含む。上述の生物学的に活性な薬剤の列挙は、単なる例示であり、限定することを意図するものではない。そのような化合物は、精製されても部分的に精製されてもよく、天然に存在しても合成されてもよく、化学的に修飾されてもよい。
ある特定の実施形態では、開示の組成物は、CasヌクレアーゼなどのRNA誘導性DNA結合剤をコードするmRNAを含む。特定の実施形態では、開示の組成物は、S.pyogenesのCas9などのクラス2 CasヌクレアーゼをコードするmRNAを含む。
ある特定の実施形態では、LNP組成物などの脂質組成物は、修飾されたRNAを含む修飾された核酸を含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に開示される組成物または製剤は、本明細書に記載のCasヌクレアーゼまたはクラス2 CasヌクレアーゼなどのRNA誘導性DNA結合剤をコードするオープンリーディングフレーム(ORF)を含むmRNAを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、Casヌクレアーゼまたはクラス2 CasヌクレアーゼなどのRNA誘導性DNA結合剤をコードするORFを含むmRNAが提供され、使用され、または投与される。mRNAは、5’キャップ、5’非翻訳領域(UTR)、3’UTR、及びポリアデニン尾部のうちの1つ以上を含んでもよい。mRNAは、例えば、核局在化配列をコードするように、または代替コドンを使用してタンパク質をコードするように、修飾されたオープンリーディングフレームを含んでもよい。
本明細書に開示される組成物及び方法は、鋳型核酸を含んでもよい。鋳型を使用して、Casヌクレアーゼ、例えば、クラス2 CasヌクレアーゼなどのRNA誘導性DNA結合タンパク質の標的部位でまたはその近くで核酸配列を改変または挿入してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、本方法は、鋳型を細胞に導入することを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、単一の鋳型が、提供されてもよい。他の実施形態では、編集が2つ以上の標的部位で生じ得るように、2つ以上の鋳型が提供されてもよい。例えば、異なる鋳型が、細胞内の単一の遺伝子、または細胞内の2つの異なる遺伝子を編集するために提供されてもよい。
本明細書で使用されるとき、単数形「a」、「an」、及び「the」は、文脈により別途明らかに示されない限り、複数形を含むことに留意されたい。したがって、例えば、「a composition(組成物)」への言及は、複数の組成物を含み、「a cell(細胞)」への言及は、複数の細胞を含むなどとなる。「または」の使用は包括的であり、特に明記されていない限り「及び/または」を意味する。
本明細書で言及または引用されている記事、特許、及び特許出願の内容、ならびに他のすべての文書及び電子的に入手可能な情報は、各々個別の刊行物が参照により具体的かつ個別に組み込まれることが示された場合と同程度に、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。出願人は、そのような記事、特許、特許出願、またはその他の物理的及び電子的文書からのすべての資料及び情報をこの出願に物理的に組み込む権利を留保する。
すべての試薬及び溶媒は、商業供給業者から購入し、受け取ったまま使用するか、引用する手順に従って合成した。すべての中間体及び最終化合物は、シリカゲル上のフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーを使用して精製した。NMRスペクトルは、BrukerまたはVarianの400MHzの分光計で記録し、NMRデータは、周囲温度で、CDCl3中で収集した。化学シフトは、CDCl3(7.26)と比較して、百万分の1(ppm)で報告される。1H NMRのデータは、化学シフト、多重度(br=広域、s=一重項、d=二重項、t=三重項、dd=二重項の二重項、dt=三重項の二重項、q=四重項、m=多重項、ddd=二重項の二重項の二重項、td=二重項の三重項、tt=三重項の三重項、tdd=二重項の二重項の三重項、dddd=二重項の二重項の二重項の二重項)、結合定数、及び積分として報告する。MSデータは、エレクトロスプレーイオン化(ESI)ソースを備えたWaters SQD2質量分析計で記録した。最終化合物の純度は、フォトダイオードアレイ(PDA)及び蒸発光散乱(ELS)検出器を有するSQD2質量分析計を備えたWaters Acquity H-Class液体クロマトグラフィー計器を使用したUPLC-MS-ELSによって決定した。
実施例1の合成
中間体1a:3-ヒドロキシ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
以下の実施例を、実施例1に用いた方法を使用して、中間体1d及びアミノアルコールまたはジアミン試薬から合成した。
実施例25:3-((4,4-ビス(オクチルオキシ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-((((2-(1-メチルピロリジン-2-イル)エトキシ)カルボニル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
以下の実施例を、実施例25に用いた方法を使用して、中間体1d及びカルボン酸試薬から合成した。
以下の実施例を、実施例1に用いた方法を使用して、中間体1d及びアミノアルコールまたはジアミン試薬から合成した。
実施例37:3-((4,4-ビス(オクチルオキシ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-((((1-エチルピペリジン-4-イル)カルバモイル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
以下の実施例を、実施例1に用いた方法を使用して、中間体1d及びジアミン試薬から合成した。
実施例50:3-((4,4-ビス(オクチルオキシ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-(((((1-エチルアゼチジン-3-イル)メトキシ)カルボニル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
以下の実施例を、実施例1に用いた方法を使用して、中間体1d及びアミノアルコール試薬から合成した。
中間体54a:(Z)-9-(ノン-2-エン-1-イルオキシ)-9-オキソノナン酸
中間体55a:(Z)-7-(ノン-2-エン-1-イルオキシ)-7-オキソヘプタン酸
中間体56a:(Z)-5-(ノン-2-エン-1-イルオキシ)-5-オキソペンタン酸
中間体57a:9-(ヘキシルオキシ)-9-オキソノナン酸
中間体58a:9-(オクチルオキシ)-9-オキソノナン酸
中間体59a:9-(デシルオキシ)-9-オキソノナン酸
中間体60a:12-オキソ-12-(ペンチルオキシ)ドデカン酸
中間体61a:12-(ヘプチルオキシ)-12-オキソドデカン酸
中間体62a:メチル6-ヒドロキシヘキサノエート
中間体63a:ヘプタデカン-9-オール
中間体64a:7-(ヘプタデカン-9-イルオキシ)-7-オキソヘプタン酸
中間体65a:3-((2-ヘキシルデカノイル)オキシ)-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
中間体66a:ヘプタデカン-9-オン
中間体67a:メチル3-ヘプチルデカ-2-エノエート
中間体68a:メチル3-ヘキシルノン-2-エノエート
中間体69a:(Z)-11-(ノン-2-エン-1-イルオキシ)-11-オキソウンデカン酸
中間体70a:((Z)-13-(ノン-2-エン-1-イルオキシ)-13-オキソトリデカン酸
以下の実施例を、実施例1に用いた方法を使用して、中間体59b及びアミノアルコールまたはジアミン試薬から合成した。
実施例75:1-(3-((4,4-ビス(オクチルオキシ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-(((4-(ジエチルアミノ)ブタノイル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル)9-デシルノナンジオエート
中間体76a:1-デシル9-(3-ヒドロキシ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル)ノナンジオエート
中間体77a:1-デシル9-(3-((5-(ヘプタデカン-9-イルオキシ)-5-オキソペンタノイル)オキシ)-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル)ノナンジオエート
中間体78a:4,4-ビス(ヘプチルオキシ)ブタンニトリル
中間体79a:4,4-ビス(ノニルオキシ)ブタンニトリル
以下の実施例を、実施例1に用いた方法を使用して、中間体76b及びアミノアルコールまたはジアミン試薬から合成した。
実施例82:1-デシル9-(3-((4-(ジメチルアミノ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-(((7-(ヘプタデカン-9-イルオキシ)-7-オキソヘプタノイル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル)ノナンジオエート
中間体83a:(Z)-1-(3-ヒドロキシ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル)9-(ノン-2-エン-1-イル)ノナンジオエート
中間体84a:(Z)-1-(3-((4,4-ビス(ヘプチルオキシ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル)9-(ノン-2-エン-1-イル)ノナンジオエート
中間体85a:(Z)-1-(3-((7-(ヘプタデカン-9-イルオキシ)-7-オキソヘプタノイル)オキシ)-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル)9-(ノン-2-エン-1-イル)ノナンジオエート
中間体86a:(Z)-1-(3-((5-(ヘプタデカン-9-イルオキシ)-5-オキソペンタノイル)オキシ)-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル)9-(ノン-2-エン-1-イル)ノナンジオエート
実施例89:1-デシル9-(3-((4-(ジメチルアミノ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-(((5-(ヘプタデカン-9-イルオキシ)-5-オキソペンタノイル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル)ノナンジオエート
中間体90a:11-クロロ-11-オキソウンデカン酸
中間体93a:9-オキソ-9-(テトラデシルオキシ)ノナン酸
中間体94a:9-オキソ-9-(ウンデカン-2-イルオキシ)ノナン酸
中間体95a:ドデカン-3-オール
中間体96a:(2,2,5-トリメチル-1,3-ジオキサン-5-イル)メチル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
中間体97a:2,3-ジヒドロキシプロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
中間体98a:2-((2,2-ジメチル-1,3-ジオキサン-5-イル)メトキシ)-N,N-ジエチルエタン-1-アミン
中間体99a:3-((2,2-ジメチル-1,3-ジオキサン-5-イル)メトキシ)-N,N-ジエチルプロパン-1-アミン
中間体100a:3-((4,4-ビス(オクチルオキシ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-((((4-ニトロフェノキシ)カルボニル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
以下の実施例を、実施例100に用いた方法を使用して、中間体100a及びアミノアルコールまたはジアミン試薬から合成した。
実施例101:3-((4,4-ビス(オクチルオキシ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-((((2-(ピペリジン-1-イル)エチル)カルバモイル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
実施例102:3-((4,4-ビス(オクチルオキシ)ブタノイル)オキシ)-2-((((3-(ピペリジン-1-イル)プロポキシ)カルボニル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
実施例103:3-(((2-(アゼパン-1-イル)エチル)カルバモイル)オキシ)-2-(((4,4-ビス(オクチルオキシ)ブタノイル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
中間体107a:3-(2-((3r,5r,7r)-アダマンタン-1-イル)アセトキシ)-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノエート
中間体113a:1-((tert-ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ)-3-ヒドロキシプロパン-2-オン
中間体114a:3-ヒドロキシ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピルステアレート
中間体115a:3-ヒドロキシ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピルオレエート
中間体116a:3-ヒドロキシ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル(9Z,12Z,15Z)-オクタデカ-9,12,15-トリエノエート
中間体117a:ヘプタデカン-9-イル(3-(((4-ニトロフェノキシ)カルボニル)オキシ)-2-((((9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノイル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル)グルタレート
中間体118a:1-(ヘプタデカン-9-イル)7-(3-(((4-ニトロフェノキシ)カルボニル)オキシ)-2-((((9Z,12Z)-オクタデカ-9,12-ジエノイル)オキシ)メチル)プロピル)ヘプタンジオエート
各アミン脂質のpKaは、以下のように適応させたJayaramanら(Angewandte Chemie,2012)の方法に従って決定した。pKaは、2.94mMの濃度でエタノール中の製剤化されていないアミン脂質について決定した。脂質を、pHが2.0~12.0の範囲であった0.1Mのリン酸緩衝液(Boston Bioproducts)中で100μMに希釈した。321nm及び448nmの励起波長及び発光波長を使用して蛍光強度を測定した。表1は、列挙された化合物のpKa測定値を示す。
インビボ編集のためのLNP組成物
LNPは、イオン化可能な脂質(例えば、アミン脂質)、DSPC、コレステロール、及びPEG-2k-DMGからなる4成分脂質システム中で、様々なアミン脂質を使用して調製した。LNPの脂質成分中の脂質のモル濃度は、50/9/38/3のアミン脂質/DSPC/コレステロール/PEG-2k-DMGのモル%で使用される。マウスにおける肝臓編集パーセントについてのアッセイでは、Cas9 mRNA及びマウス配列を標的にする化学修飾したsgRNAを、LNP中、1:1のw/w比、1:2のw/w比、または1:1.3のw/w比のいずれかで製剤化した。
脂質成分を、以下に記載の脂質成分モル比で100%のエタノールに溶解させた。化学修飾したsgRNAとCas9 mRNAとを、pH5.0の25mMのクエン酸、100mMのNaCl中で組み合わせて溶解させ、全RNAカーゴの濃度をおよそ0.45mg/mLにした。LNPを、N/P比が約6、化学修飾したsgRNA:Cas9 mRNAの比が以下に記載するように1:1のw/w比、1:2のw/w比、または1:1.3のw/w比のいずれかで製剤化した。
本開示のLNPの多分散指数(「PDI」)及びサイズを特徴付けるために、動的光散乱(「DLS」)を使用する。DLSは、試料を光源に供した結果として生じる光の散乱を測定する。DLS測定値から決定されたPDIは、集団内の粒径(平均粒径付近)の分布を表し、完全に均一な集団はゼロのPDIを有する。
Cas9 mRNA(例えば、配列番号3)カーゴを、インビトロ転写によって調製した。1X NLSを含むキャップされたポリアデニル化Cas9 mRNAを、線状プラスミドDNA鋳型及びT7 RNAポリメラーゼを使用したインビトロ転写によって生成した。T7プロモーター及び100ntポリ(A/T)領域を含有するプラスミドDNAを、200ng/μLのプラスミド、2U/μLのXbaI(NEB)、及び1倍反応緩衝液の条件で、37℃で2時間インキュベートすることによって線状化する。XbaIは、反応物を65℃で20分間加熱することによって不活性化される。線状プラスミドを、シリカマキシスピンカラム(Epoch Life Sciences)を使用して酵素及び緩衝液から精製し、アガロースゲルによって分析し、線状化を確認する。Cas9修飾されたmRNAを生成するためのIVT反応は、37℃で4時間、以下の条件でインキュベートすることによって実施する:50ng/μLの直線化プラスミド;各2mMのGTP、ATP、CTP、及びN1-メチルシュードUTP(Trilink);10mMのARCA(Trilink);5U/μLのT7 RNAポリメラーゼ(NEB);1U/μLのマウスRNase阻害剤(NEB);0.004U/μLの無機E.coliピロホスファターゼ(NEB);ならびに1倍反応緩衝液。4時間のインキュベーション後、TURBO DNase(ThermoFisher)を最終濃度0.01U/μLになるように添加し、反応物をさらに30分間インキュベートして、DNA鋳型を除去する。Cas9 mRNAを、TFFまたはLiCl沈殿を含む方法で精製した。
マウス研究
6~10週齢のCD-1雌マウスを各研究に使用した。群の平均体重に基づいて投薬溶液を調製するために、動物の体重を測り、体重に従って群分けした。LNPを、動物当たり0.2mL(体重1キログラム当たりおよそ10mL)の量で、外側尾静脈を介して投薬した。投薬後少なくとも24時間、動物を有害作用について定期的に観察した。
Sprague Dawleyの6~7週齢の雌ラットを各研究に使用した。各動物の体重を測定し、体重に基づいて投薬溶液を調製した。LNPを、動物当たり0.35mL(体重1キログラム当たりおよそ2mL)の量で、外側尾静脈を介して投薬した。投薬後少なくとも24時間、動物を有害作用について定期的に観察した。
簡潔に述べると、ゲノム内の標的位置における編集効率を定量的に決定するために、ゲノムDNAを単離し、ディープシークエンシングを利用して、遺伝子編集によって導入された挿入及び欠失の存在を同定した。
血液を採取し、示すように血清を単離した。総マウスTTR血清レベルを、Mouse Prealbumin(Transthyretin)ELISAキット(Aviva Systems Biology、カタログ番号OKIA00111)を使用して測定した。簡潔に述べると、血清をキット試料希釈液により10,000倍の最終希釈に0.1mg/kg用量ならびに10,000倍及び2,500倍の最終希釈に0.3mg/kgに段階希釈した。次いで、この希釈した試料をELISAプレートに加え、アッセイを製造業者の取扱説明書に従って実行した。
様々なアミン脂質化合物を含む製剤により送達された材料のインビボ編集効率を評価した。編集を、マウスTTR遺伝子を標的とするG282(配列番号1)またはマウスB2M遺伝子を標的とするG650(配列番号2)のいずれかを使用して測定した。上記の脂質を、インビボ編集実験を通して有効性について評価した。LNPを、1:1または1:1.3のsgRNA対Cas9 mRNAのw/w比、及び約6のN/P比で製剤化した。LNPの脂質成分中の脂質のモル濃度は、50/9/38/3のアミン脂質/DSPC/コレステロール/PEG-2k-DMGのモル%で使用する。最終LNPを、上述の分析方法に従って、カプセル化効率、多分散指数、及び平均粒径を決定するために特徴付けた。平均粒径、多分散性(PDI)、全RNA含有量、及びRNAのカプセル化効率の分析を表2に示す。
編集が用量応答性であったかどうかを評価するために、様々なLNP用量レベルでインビボの実験を実施した。実施例120のCas9 mRNAを、TTR(G282、配列番号1;またはG502、配列番号4)を標的化するsgRNAを有するLNPとして製剤化した。あるいは、実施例120のCas9 mRNAを、B2Mを標的とするsgRNA(G650、配列番号2)を有するLNPとして製剤化し、これらのLNPを、表4に示すように、sgRNA及びCas9 mRNAのw/w比で製剤化した。LNPは、50/9/38/3のアミン脂質/DSPC/コレステロール/PEG-2k-DMG及び6.0のN/P比のモル%の脂質モル組成を用いて、クロスフロー手順を使用して製剤化した。
様々なアミン脂質化合物を含む製剤により送達された材料の編集効率を測定することによって、インビボ送達を評価した。TTRマウス遺伝子(配列番号4)を標的とするsgRNAを有するLNPとして、Cas9 mRNA(配列番号6)を製剤化した。LNPを、1:2のsgRNA対Cas9 mRNAのw/w比、及び約6のN/P比で製剤化した。LNPの脂質成分中の脂質のモル濃度は、50/9/38/3のアミン脂質/DSPC/コレステロール/PEG-2k-DMGのモル%で使用される。最終的なLNP組成物を、実施例120に記載されるように特徴付け、分析した。平均粒径、多分散性(PDI)、全RNA含有量、及びRNAのカプセル化効率の分析を表6に示す。
様々なアミン脂質化合物を含む製剤により送達された材料の編集効率を測定することによって、肝臓、脾臓、及び骨髄へのインビボ送達を評価した。TTRラット遺伝子(G650、配列番号2)を標的とするsgRNAを有するLNPとして、Cas9 mRNA(配列番号6)を製剤化した。LNPを、1:2のsgRNA対Cas9 mRNAのw/w比、及び約6のN/P比で製剤化した。LNPの脂質成分中の脂質のモル濃度は、50/9/38/3のアミン脂質/DSPC/コレステロール/PEG-2k-DMGのモル%で使用される。最終的なLNP組成物を、実施例120に記載されるように特徴付け、分析した。平均粒径、多分散性(PDI)、全RNA含有量、及びRNAのカプセル化効率の分析を表8に示す。
様々なアミン脂質化合物を含む製剤により送達された材料の編集効率を測定することにより、ラットモデルにおけるインビボ送達を評価した。TTRラット遺伝子(G534、配列番号5)を標的とするsgRNAを有するLNPとして、Cas9 mRNA(配列番号6)を製剤化した。LNPを、実施例123に記載されるように製剤化し、特徴付けた。平均粒径、多分散性(PDI)、全RNA含有量、及びRNAのカプセル化効率の分析を表10に示す。
Claims (84)
- 式IIの化合物であって、
X1が、O、NR1、または直接結合であり、
X2が、C2-5アルキレンであり、
X3が、C(=O)または直接結合であり、
R1が、HまたはMeであり、
R3が、C1-3アルキルであり、
R2が、C1-3アルキルであるか、または
R2が、それが結合している窒素原子、及びX2の1~3個の炭素原子と一緒になって、4、5、もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
X1が、NR1、R1、及びR2が、それらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5員もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
R2が、R3及びそれらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5、6、もしくは7員の環を形成し、
Y1が、C2-12アルキレンであり、
Y2が、
nが、0~3であり、
R4が、C1-15アルキルであり、
Z1が、C1-6アルキレンまたは直接結合であり、
Z2が、
R5が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
R6が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
Wが、メチレンまたは直接結合であり、
R7が、HまたはMeであり、
但し、R3及びR2が、C2アルキルであり、X1が、Oであり、X2が、直鎖C3アルキレンであり、X3が、C(=O)であり、Y1が、直鎖C6アルキレンであり、(Y2)n-R4が、
- 前記化合物が、式Iの化合物であって、
X1が、O、NR1、または直接結合であり、
X2が、C2-5アルキレンであり、
X3が、C(=O)または直接結合であり、
R1が、HまたはMeであり、
R3が、C1-3アルキルであり、
R2が、C1-3アルキルであるか、または
R2が、それが結合している窒素原子、及びX2の1~3個の炭素原子と一緒になって、4、5、もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
X1が、NR1、R1、及びR2が、それらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5員もしくは6員の環を形成するか、または
R2が、R3及びそれらが結合している窒素原子と一緒になって、5、6、もしくは7員の環を形成し、
Y1が、C2-12アルキレンであり、
Y2が、
R4が、C3-15アルキルであり、
Z1が、C1-6アルキレンまたは直接結合であり、
Z2が、
R5が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
R6が、C5-9アルキルまたはC6-10アルコキシであり、
Wが、メチレンまたは直接結合であり、
R7が、HまたはMeであり、
但し、R3及びR2が、C2アルキルであり、X1が、Oであり、X2が、直鎖C3アルキレンであり、X3が、C(=O)であり、Y1が、直鎖C6アルキレンであり、Y2が、
- X2が、直鎖C2アルキレンである、請求項1または請求項2に記載の化合物。
- X2が、直鎖C3アルキレンである、請求項1または請求項2に記載の化合物。
- X2が、直鎖C4アルキレンである、請求項1または請求項2に記載の化合物。
- R3が、C1アルキルである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R3が、C2アルキルである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、C1アルキルである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、C2アルキルである、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、前記窒素原子、及びX2の1~2個の炭素原子と一緒になって、5員の環を形成する、請求項1~7に記載の化合物。
- R2が、前記窒素原子、及びX2の1~3個の炭素原子と一緒になって、6員の環を形成する、請求項1~7に記載の化合物。
- R2及びR3が、前記窒素原子と一緒になって、5員の環を形成する、請求項1~5に記載の化合物。
- X1が、NHである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- X1が、直接結合である、請求項1~12に記載の化合物。
- Y1が、直鎖C3-10アルキレンである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- Y1が、直鎖C4-8アルキレンである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- Y1が、直鎖C5-7アルキレンである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R4が、直鎖C4-14アルキルである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R4が、直鎖C6-12アルキルである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- Z1が、直鎖C2-4アルキレンである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R5及びR6が、各々独立して、直鎖C5-9アルキルである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R5及びR6が、各々独立して、直鎖C6-8アルキルである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R5及びR6が、各々独立して、直鎖C7-9アルコキシである、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- Z1、Z2、及びR5が、エステル及びアセタールの炭素原子及び酸素原子を含む、6~18個の原子の直鎖を形成するように選択される、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- Y1、Y2、及びR4が、存在する場合、前記エステル(複数可)の炭素原子及び酸素原子を含む、14~24個の原子の直鎖を形成するように選択される、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記塩が、薬学的に許容される塩である、請求項1~29のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物のプロトン化形態のpKaが、約5.1~約8.0である、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物のプロトン化形態のpKaが、約5.7~約7.6である、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物のプロトン化形態のpKaが、約6~約7.6である、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 脂質成分中に先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の化合物を含む、組成物。
- 前記組成物が、請求項1~31のいずれか一項に記載の化合物の約50%を含む脂質成分を含む、請求項34に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、LNP組成物である、請求項34または35に記載の組成物。
- 前記脂質成分が、ヘルパー脂質及びPEG脂質を含む、請求項34~36のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記脂質成分が、ヘルパー脂質、PEG脂質、及び中性脂質を含む、請求項34~37のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 凍結保護剤をさらに含む、請求項34~38のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 緩衝液をさらに含む、請求項34~39のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、生物学的に活性な薬剤を含む水性成分を含む、請求項34~40のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記生物学的に活性な薬剤が、ポリペプチドを含む、請求項41に記載の組成物。
- 前記生物学的に活性な薬剤が、核酸を含む、請求項41に記載の組成物。
- 核酸成分が、RNAを含む、請求項43に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、約3~10のN/P比を有する、請求項43または44に記載の組成物。
- 前記N/P比が、約6±1である、請求項45に記載の組成物。
- 前記N/P比が、約6±0.5である、請求項45に記載の組成物。
- 前記N/P比が、約6である、請求項45に記載の組成物。
- RNA成分を含み、前記RNA成分が、mRNAを含む、請求項34~48のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記RNA成分が、CasヌクレアーゼmRNAなどのRNA誘導性DNA結合剤をコードする配列を含む、請求項49に記載の組成物。
- 前記RNA成分が、クラス2 CasヌクレアーゼmRNAを含む、請求項49または50に記載の組成物。
- 前記RNA成分が、Cas9ヌクレアーゼmRNAを含む、請求項49~51のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記RNA成分が、修飾されたRNAを含む、請求項49~52のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記RNA成分が、gRNA核酸を含む、請求項49~53のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記gRNA核酸が、gRNAである、請求項54に記載の組成物。
- 前記RNA成分が、クラス2 CasヌクレアーゼmRNA及びgRNAを含む、請求項49~55のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記gRNA核酸が、デュアルガイドRNA(dgRNA)であるか、またはそれをコードする、請求項54~56のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記gRNA核酸が、シングルガイドRNA(sgRNA)であるか、またはそれをコードする、請求項54~56のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記gRNAが、修飾されたgRNAである、請求項54~58のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記修飾されたgRNAが、5’末端の最初の5つのヌクレオチドのうちの1つ以上に修飾を含む、請求項59に記載の組成物。
- 前記修飾されたgRNAが、3’末端の最後の5つのヌクレオチドのうちの1つ以上に修飾を含む、請求項59または60に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの鋳型核酸をさらに含む、請求項41~61のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 生物学的に活性な薬剤を細胞に送達する方法であって、前記細胞を、請求項34~62のいずれか一項に記載の組成物と接触させることを含む、前記方法。
- 前記細胞が、肝細胞(hepatocyte)などの肝臓細胞(liver cell)である、請求項63に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子編集の方法であって、細胞を請求項34~62のいずれか一項に記載の組成物と接触させることを含む、前記方法。
- DNAを開裂する方法であって、細胞を請求項34~62のいずれか一項に記載の組成物と接触させることを含む、前記方法。
- 前記接触させる工程により、一本鎖DNAニックが生じる、請求項66に記載の方法。
- 前記接触させる工程により、二本鎖DNA切断が生じる、請求項66に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、クラス2 Cas mRNA及びgRNA核酸を含む、請求項63~67のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの鋳型核酸を前記細胞に導入することをさらに含む、請求項63~69のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、鋳型核酸を含む組成物と接触させることを含む、請求項70に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物を動物に投与することを含む、請求項63~71のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物をヒトに投与することを含む、請求項63~71のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物を細胞に投与することを含む、請求項63~71のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、真核細胞である、請求項74に記載の方法。
- 第1のLNP組成物中に製剤化されたmRNAと、mRNA、gRNA、gRNA核酸、及び鋳型核酸のうちの1つ以上を含む第2のLNP組成物と、を投与することを含む、請求項63~75のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1及び前記第2のLNP組成物が、同時に投与される、請求項76に記載の方法。
- 前記第1及び前記第2のLNP組成物が、逐次的に投与される、請求項76に記載の方法。
- 単一のLNP組成物に製剤化された前記mRNA及び前記gRNA核酸を投与することを含む、請求項76に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子編集が、遺伝子ノックアウトをもたらす、請求項63~79のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子編集が、遺伝子修正をもたらす、請求項63~79のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物を肝臓細胞に投与することを含む、請求項63~81のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物を肝細胞に投与することを含む、請求項63~82のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物を肝臓に投与することを含む、請求項63~83のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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