JP2022511385A - 幹細胞由来ヒトミクログリア細胞、作製する方法および使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年9月28日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/738,176号の優先権を主張し、その内容は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれ、優先権が主張される。
序論
ヒトミクログリアをin vitroで生成するための現存する戦略は、この発生パラダイムに従っておらず、一次造血を最初に開始することに失敗している。これらの戦略は、二次造血(definitive hematopoiesis)から生じ、したがってミクログリアをin vivoで得られなかった末梢の単球から開始するか(Noto et al., Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. (2014); 40, 697-713;Ohgidani et al., Sci. Rep. (2014); 4, 4957)、または一次造血に関して予めパターン化されておらず、したがって発生細胞の運命決定に関してはブラックボックスである胚様体アプローチを使用することによって開始する(Etemad et al., Neurosci. (2012); 209, 79-89;Hinze et al., Inflamm. (2012); 9, 12;Lachmann et al., Stem Cell Reports (2015);4, 282-296;Noto et al., Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. (2014); 40, 697-713;Ohgidani et al., Sci. Rep. (2014); 4, 4957;van Wilgenburg et al., PLoS One (2013); 8.;Muffat et al., Nature Medicine (2016); 22(11), 1358-1367;Bahrini et al., Sci. Rep. (2015);5, 7989)。これらの戦略が、ミクログリアの真の先駆体である初期の赤血球骨髄球系先駆体(EMP)を経由するのか、二次造血をもたらす後期のEMPを経由するのかを判定することは困難である。したがって、ヒトミクログリア細胞を生成するための新規な方法が必要とされている。
本開示を明確にするために、限定を目的とするものではないが、詳細な説明を以下の副項目に分けることにする:
5.1定義;
5.2幹細胞を分化させる方法;
5.3ミクログリアを含む組成物;
5.4処置方法;および
5.5キット
5.6治療用化合物をスクリーニングする方法
5.1定義
5.2.幹細胞を分化させる方法
5.2.1.幹細胞の中胚葉前駆体への分化
5.2.2.中胚葉前駆体の一次造血先駆体への分化
「IWP2」または「WNT Production-2阻害剤」は、以下の式を有するIUPAC名N-(6-メチル-1,3-ベンゾチアゾール-2-イル)-2-[(4-オキソ-3-フェニル-6,7-ジヒドロチエノ[3,2-d]ピリミジン-2-イル)チオ]アセトアミド」を指す:
5.2.3.一次造血先駆体のEMP、pMac、およびこれらの組合せの細胞集団への分化
5.2.4.EMPおよび/またはpMacのミクログリア細胞への分化
細胞培養培地
5.3ミクログリア細胞を含む組成物
5.4処置方法
5.5キット
5.6治療用化合物をスクリーニングする方法
6.1 (実施例1) ミクログリアのヒト幹細胞からの分化
段階I:pMac産生(無血清)
1)0日目:ES細胞を、1:30マトリゲルで被覆した24ウェルまたは6ウェルのいずれかの組織培養プレート中のABC*培地において60,000細胞/cm^2+Yで播種する。
2)1日目:18時間後、培地をABi培地に交換する。細胞はT+(ブラキュリ+)であるはずである。
3)2日目:培地をABi+FGF2に交換する。
4)3日目:マトリゲル上のVEGF/FGF2培地+Y中に60,000細胞/cm^2で細胞を分割し、播種する。細胞の少なくとも30%はKDR+CD235A+であるはずである。
5)4日目:Y-薬物を取り出し、VEGF/FGF2をそのままにしておく。
6)5日目:Cyto 1培地を添加する。細胞の10~20%はKit+(EMP)であるはずである。
7)6日目:小さな円形細胞コロニーが形成されているかどうかを確認する。
8)7日目:Cyto 2培地を添加する。
9)8日目:円形細胞はコンフルエントであるはずである。懸濁液中の細胞を収集し、スピンダウンする。培養物は、VE-カドヘリン+造血内皮細胞、およびKit+(EMP)またはKit-CD45+CSF1R+(pMac)である円形細胞の懸濁液を含むはずである。
1)8日目の培養物から懸濁細胞のみを収集し、スピンダウンする。
2)懸濁細胞をニューロンと、ミクログリア培地#1に1:5の比率で播種する。
3)1日おきに培地を交換する。
4日後、多くのPu.1+CD45+、Iba1+、CX3CR1+ミクログリア細胞は、すでに培養物中に存在するはずである。
4)細胞は、共培養物において10~14日後にアッセイする準備ができているはずである。
CX3CR1+で選別した場合、ミクログリア細胞はP2RY12+、Tmem119+、Sall1+、GPR34+、およびC1QA+であるはずである。
段階IIb.マクロファージ細胞への分化、次いでニューロンとの共培養
2)培地を1日おきに交換すると(M-W-F)週末に培地で残すことができる。
3)11日後に、細胞は、細長く、顆粒状に見えるはずである。細胞にアキュターゼを10分間行い、ニューロンとともに1:5の比率で播種する。
細胞は、Cd11b+、デクチン+、CD14+(成熟マクロファージ)であるはずである。
4)ミクログリア共培養培地でニューロンとともに培養し、10~14日後にアッセイを行う。
6.3 (実施例3):完全に定義されたヒトPSC-由来ミクログリアおよびトリ培養系は、アルツハイマー病のモデルにおける補体産生の細胞タイプ特異的増強を明らかにする。
材料および方法
hPSCからのミクログリアの導出
皮質ニューロンプロトコール
アストロサイトプロトコール
FACS分析
液滴ベースのscRNAseqライブラリーの調製およびシークエンシング
scRNAseqデータのプレプロセッシング
細胞フィルタリング
最近傍グラフの構築
クラスタリングおよび力指向グラフレイアウト
拡散マップ埋込
軌跡特性評価
疑似時間にわたる遺伝子傾向の計算
分岐遺伝子モジュールの定義
分岐遺伝子モジュールの初期および後期モジュールへの分割
マウス遺伝子シグネチャーとの比較
単一細胞マウス胚形成アトラスへの統合
免疫組織化学、生存/死滅アッセイ、およびハイコンテントイメージング
シナプスタンパク質の貪食のイメージング
食作用アッセイおよび測量アッセイ
RNAシークエンシング
トリ培養系およびLPSアッセイ
サイトカインELISA
C3のCRISPR/Cas9 KO
ここで開示される主題の実施形態
Claims (59)
- 幹細胞の分化を誘導するためのin vitroの方法であって、
a)幹細胞をウィングレス(Wnt)シグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの活性化因子と最大約24時間接触させるステップ;
b)細胞を、Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの阻害剤および少なくとも1つの造血促進サイトカインと接触させて、分化細胞の集団を得るステップであって、前記分化細胞が、少なくとも1つの赤血球骨髄球系前駆体(EMP)マーカーを発現する細胞、少なくとも1つのプレマクロファージマーカーを発現する細胞、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、ステップ;ならびに
c)少なくとも1つのミクログリアマーカーを発現する細胞への前記分化細胞の分化を誘導するステップ
を含む方法。 - c)少なくとも1つのミクログリアマーカーを発現する細胞への前記分化細胞の分化を誘導するステップが、前記分化細胞をニューロンと少なくとも約5日間、必要に応じて4日間培養するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- c)少なくとも1つのミクログリアマーカーを発現する細胞への前記分化細胞の分化を誘導するステップが、前記分化細胞を少なくとも1つのマクロファージ促進サイトカインと少なくとも約5日間接触させること;および前記細胞をニューロンと少なくとも約5日間培養する、必要に応じて前記細胞を前記ニューロンと少なくとも4日間培養することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの活性化因子と約20時間、必要に応じて18時間接触させる、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの阻害剤と少なくとも約1日から最大約5日間、必要に応じて少なくとも1日から最大4日間接触させる、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの阻害剤と少なくとも約2日間接触させる、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記少なくとも1つの造血促進サイトカインと少なくとも約1日から最大約10日間、必要に応じて少なくとも3日から最大11日間接触させる、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記少なくとも1つのマクロファージ促進サイトカインと7日、8日、9日、または11日間接触させる、請求項3から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記ニューロンと約5日間、必要に応じて4日または5日間培養する、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞を前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの活性化因子と接触させるステップが、少なくとも1つの中胚葉前駆体マーカーを発現する細胞を生成する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの中胚葉前駆体マーカーが、ブラキュリ、KDR、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの阻害剤と接触させるステップが、少なくとも1つの一次造血先駆体マーカーを発現する細胞を生成する、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの一次造血先駆体マーカーが、KDR、CD235A、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を前記少なくとも1つの造血促進サイトカインと接触させるステップが、少なくとも1つの赤血球骨髄球系前駆体(EMP)マーカーを発現する細胞をさらに生成する、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記少なくとも1つの造血促進サイトカインと少なくとも約1日から最大約5日または最大約10日間接触させて、前記少なくとも1つのEMPマーカーを発現する細胞を生成する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのEMPマーカーが、Kit、CD41、CD235A、CD43、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのEMPマーカーを発現する細胞が、CD45を発現しない、請求項14から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのプレマクロファージマーカーが、CD45、CSF1R、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのプレマクロファージマーカーを発現する細胞が、Kitを発現しない、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのミクログリアマーカーが、CX3CR1、PU.1、CD45、IBA1、P2RY12、TMEM119、SALL1、GPR34、C1QA、CD68、CD45、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのマクロファージマーカーが、CD11B、デクチン、CD14、PU.1、CX3CR1、CD45、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項3から20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの活性化因子が、Wntシグナル伝達の活性化のためにグリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼ3β(GSK3β)を低下させる、請求項1から21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの活性化因子が、CHIR99021、Wnt-1、WNT3A、Wnt4、Wnt5a、WAY-316606、IQ1、QS11、SB-216763、BIO(6-ブロモインジルビン-3’-オキシム)、LY2090314、DCA、2-アミノ-4-[3,4-(メチレンジオキシ)ベンジル-アミノ]-6-(3-メトキシフェニル)ピリミジン、(ヘテロ)アリールピリミジン、これらの誘導体、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1から22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの活性化因子がCHIR99021である、請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの阻害剤が、XAV939、IWP2、DKK1、IWR1、ペプチド(Nileらのペプチド(Nile et al Nat Chem Biol. 2018 Jun;14(6):582-590))、ポーキュパイン阻害剤、LGK974、C59、ETC-159、Ant1.4Br/Ant1.4Cl、ニクロサミド、アピクラレン、バフィロマイシン、G007-LK、G244-LM、ピルビニウム、NSC668036、2,4-ジアミノ-キナゾリン、ケルセチン、ICG-001、PKF115-584、BC2059、Shizokaol D、これらの誘導体、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1から24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの阻害剤がIWP2である、請求項1から25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの造血促進サイトカインが、VEGF、FGF、SCF、インターロイキン、TPO、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1から26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記インターロイキンが、IL-1、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12、IL-13、IL-15、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記FGFが、FGF1、FGF2、FGF3、FGF4、FGF7、FGF8、FGF10、FGF18、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項27または28に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのマクロファージ促進サイトカインが、M-CSF、IL-34、GM-CSF、IL-3、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項3から29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの活性化因子と約1μMから約6μMの間の濃度で接触させる、請求項1から30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの阻害剤と約1μMから約10μMの間の濃度で接触させる、請求項1から31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記少なくとも1つの造血促進サイトカインと約1ng/mlから約50ng/mlの間の濃度で接触させる、請求項1から32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記少なくとも1つの造血促進サイトカインと約1ng/mlから約400ng/mlの間の濃度で接触させる、請求項1から33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を、前記少なくとも1つのマクロファージ促進サイトカインと約1ng/mlから約200ng/mlの間の濃度で接触させる、請求項3から34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのミクログリアマーカーを発現するin vitro分化細胞の細胞集団であって、前記in vitro分化細胞が、請求項1から35のいずれか一項に記載の方法による幹細胞に由来する細胞集団。
- 請求項36に記載の細胞集団を含む組成物。
- 幹細胞の分化を誘導するためのキットであって、
(a)Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの阻害剤;
(b)Wntシグナル伝達の少なくとも1つの活性化因子;
(c)少なくとも1つの造血促進サイトカイン;および
(d)ニューロン
を含むキット。 - (e)少なくとも1つのマクロファージ促進サイトカインをさらに含む、請求項38に記載のキット。
- 幹細胞を少なくとも1つのミクログリアマーカーを発現する細胞にする分化を誘導するための説明書をさらに含む、請求項38または39に記載のキット。
- in vitro分化細胞の集団を含む組成物であって、前記集団に含まれる前記細胞の少なくとも約50%が少なくとも1つのミクログリアマーカーを発現し、前記集団に含まれる前記細胞の約25%未満が、幹細胞マーカー、中胚葉前駆体マーカー、一次造血先駆体マーカー、EMPマーカー、プレマクロファージマーカー、マクロファージマーカーからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのマーカーを発現する組成物。
- 対象における神経変性疾患を予防および/または処置する方法であって、以下:
(a)請求項36に記載の分化ミクログリア細胞の集団;
(b)請求項37に記載の組成物;および
(c)請求項41に記載の組成物
のうちの1つを対象に投与するステップを含む方法。 - 前記神経変性疾患が、アルツハイマー病または筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)である、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 神経変性疾患を予防および/または処置する方法であって、コロニー刺激因子(CSF)を対象に投与するステップを含む方法。
- 前記CSFが、コロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF)、M-CSF、IL-34からなる群から選択される、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記CSFがGM-CSFである、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記神経変性疾患がアルツハイマー病である、請求項44から46のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 神経変性疾患の予防および/または処置における使用のためのCSF。
- 神経変性疾患を予防および/または処置するための医薬を製造するためのCSFの使用。
- 前記神経変性疾患がアルツハイマー病である、請求項49に記載の使用。
- 神経変性疾患を処置するための治療用化合物をスクリーニングするための方法であって、
(a)請求項34に記載の分化ミクログリア細胞の集団を被検化合物と接触させるステップであって、前記ミクログリア細胞が、前記神経変性疾患を有する対象から得られた幹細胞に由来する、ステップ;および
(b)前記ミクログリア細胞の機能的活性を測定するステップを含み、
前記ミクログリア細胞の前記機能的活性における変化が、前記被検化合物が神経変性疾患を処置することができる可能性が高いことを示す方法。 - 前記変化が減少または増加である、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記ミクログリア細胞の前記機能的活性が補体C3の放出を含む、請求項51または52に記載の方法。
- 前記ミクログリア細胞から放出された前記補体C3における減少が、前記治療用化合物が神経変性疾患を処置することができる可能性が高いことを示す、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記ミクログリア細胞の前記機能的活性が、前記ミクログリア細胞によるアミロイド-ベータ食作用を含む、請求項51または52に記載の方法。
- 前記神経変性疾患がアルツハイマー病である、請求項51から55のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 神経変性疾患を処置するための治療用化合物をスクリーニングするための方法であって、
(a)被検化合物を請求項34に記載の分化ミクログリア細胞、アストロサイトの集団、およびニューロンの集団を含む組成物と接触させるステップ;ならびに
(b)前記ニューロンの神経毒性を測定するステップを含み、
前記被検化合物と接触させた後の前記ニューロンの前記神経毒性における減少が、前記被検化合物が神経変性疾患を処置することができる可能性が高いことを示す方法。 - 前記神経変性疾患がALS疾患である、請求項57に記載の方法。
- 前記ミクログリア細胞が、ニューロンに対する神経毒性を誘導する反応性アストロサイトを誘導する、請求項57または58に記載の方法。
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WO2024071375A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ヒトアストロサイト細胞集団、細胞集団培養物、ヒトアストロサイト細胞集団の製造方法、および被験物質の評価方法 |
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AU2019347876A1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-05-13 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Stem cell-derived human microglial cells, methods of making and methods of use |
KR20210077634A (ko) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-25 | 코아스템(주) | 인간 만능 줄기세포로부터 3d 오가노이드를 이용하여 미세교세포를 다량 확보하는 미세교세포의 분화방법 |
US20240309322A1 (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2024-09-19 | Keio University | Microglial progenitor cells, method for manufacturing microglia, and manufactured microglial progenitor cells and microglia |
JP2024533351A (ja) * | 2021-09-10 | 2024-09-12 | フジフィルム セルラー ダイナミクス,インコーポレイテッド | 人工多能性幹細胞由来細胞の組成物及びその使用方法 |
WO2023215455A1 (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-11-09 | University Of Rochester | Dual macroglial-microglial approach towards therapeutic cell replacement in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease |
CN115908243B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-08-18 | 江西博钦纳米材料有限公司 | 一种无损检测图像的分割方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
WO2024137677A1 (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-27 | FUJIFILM Holdings America Corporation | Extracellular vesicle-enriched secretome composition derived from induced pluripotent stem cell derived-microglia and methods of use thereof |
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JP2018503375A (ja) * | 2015-01-16 | 2018-02-08 | エージェンシー フォー サイエンス, テクノロジー アンド リサーチ | 多能性幹細胞のマクロファージへの分化 |
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EP2126045A4 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2010-05-26 | Univ Georgia | EARLY MESODERM CELLS, STABLE POPULATION OF MESENDODERM CELLS WITH THE ABILITY TO GENERATE ENDODERM AND MESODERM CELL LINES AND MULTIPOTENTIAL MIGRATION CELLS |
US9132168B2 (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2015-09-15 | University Of South Florida | Methods of treating cognitive impairment |
EP2424977B1 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2013-06-12 | Life & Brain GmbH | Microglial precursor cells for the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system |
CN103732240B (zh) * | 2011-07-25 | 2015-12-09 | 健能隆医药技术(上海)有限公司 | G-csf二聚体在制备治疗神经退行性疾病药物中的应用 |
TWI493034B (zh) * | 2011-12-14 | 2015-07-21 | Nat Univ Chung Hsing | Neuronal epithelial cells differentiated by universal stem cells and the medium used and their differentiation methods |
MX2015017103A (es) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-11-07 | Harvard College | Celulas beta derivadas de células madre ( sc-beta ) y composiciones y métodos para generarlas. |
US10081792B2 (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2018-09-25 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Derivation of human microglia from pluripotent stem cells |
US11136548B2 (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2021-10-05 | Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research | Culture medium for generating microglia from pluripotent stem cells and related methods |
WO2017152081A1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-08 | New York Stem Cell Foundation, Inc. | Microglia derived from pluripotent stem cells and methods of making and using the same |
US20200239844A1 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2020-07-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Differentiation and use of human microglia-like cells from pluripotent stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors |
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