JP2022507041A - 真菌の菌核が含まれた植物管理用固形組成物及びその用途 - Google Patents
真菌の菌核が含まれた植物管理用固形組成物及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
アレチウリの種子は、種皮(seed coat)が堅く、吸水性が低いので、休眠性が高く、種子が形成された当該年度には、自然環境でほとんど発芽せず、3年~7年間土壌で生存し、一年生植物であって一日30cm以上非常に早く生育することができる。また、全長20m以上にもなり、個体当たり最大80,000個まで種子が繁殖し、水、動物、ヒトなどによって非常に広く伝播される特性があり、最近には、漢江水系と洛東江水系とを中心に川辺と道路周辺に急速に拡散しており、地域別代表水系において防除せねばならない重要な標的植物となっている。そのために、各地方自治体では、アレチウリ防除事業を積極的に推進しているが、適当な方法がなく、効果を期待し難い実情である。
本発明に使用する真菌は、菌核を形成すると報告された真菌(Smith ME, Henkel TW., Rollins JA. 2015. How many fungi make scleortia? Fungal Ecology 13, 211-220)のうち、植物病原性真菌の菌核で構成されうる。
菌核の生存力を、菌糸培養体及び乾燥環境で比較した。菌核形成菌としては、Sclerotinia trifoliorum BWC 98-105(寄託番号:KACC93004P、以下「菌核形成菌1」と称する)の菌核(以下「菌核1」と称する)と、Sclerotium delphinii BWC04-107(寄託番号:KACC93031P、以下「菌核形成菌2」と称する)の菌核(以下「菌核2」と称する)を、菌糸培養状態の菌糸培養体及び硬化された菌核自体で比較した。
前記実施例1に基づいて[表2]のような組成比率で固形組成物を完成した。まず、用意された菌核を糖衣機に入れて回転させつつ残り組成物の粉末を追加した後、水を適切に噴霧しつつコーティングし、また粉末を追加し、水を噴霧する過程を繰り返してコーティングすることで、直径4mm程度の球状ペレットを作って乾燥することで、製造例の組成物を完成した。[表2]ペレット組成比は、水分が除外された組成比である。
前記製造例1~4及び比較例1を利用して、アレチウリ幼苗に対する病原性検定を通じて除草効果を確認した。
自然環境での実験は、アレチウリの自然発生が観察された2018年4月初からソウル近郊で実施した。まず、アレチウリ群落を試験区(大きさ4m x 5m)に区分し、表2の製造例1、2を平方メートル当たり10g程度(=200g/試験区)で3回(1次:5月20日、2次:6月30日、3次:7月15日)均一に散布した。また、同じ大きさの試験区1つには、何も処理せず、無処理対照群として使用した。1次散布時点でアレチウリ茎は、1mの長さを超えつつ、本格的に地表面上で匍匐し始めた。1次散布後、35日間の平均気温、降雨日数、及び降雨量は、それぞれ21.3℃、12日、206.5mmであり、2次散布後、35日間の平均気温、降雨日数、及び降雨量は、それぞれ26.9℃、14日、305.6mmであり、3次散布後、28日間の平均気温、降雨日数、及び降雨量は、それぞれ30.0℃、9日、35.0mmであって、3ヶ月以上実施された実施期間の温度と水分供給は、非常に不規則な状態であった。
実施例4は、製造例1、2を土壌に散布し、クローバに対する除草効果を確認したものである。実験は、ガラス温室で実施したが、四角ポット(横45cm x 縦30cm x 高さ5.5cm)に自然に生長するクローバ群落を四角ポットに移植し、温室で育て、クローバが定着して十分に育つように3週間管理した。
ダラースポット病誘発病源菌Sclerotinia homoeocarpaは、分類学的に本発明に使用された菌核形成菌Sclerotinia trifoliorumと属名(genus name)が同一であり、生物学的観点で類似しているが、本発明の組成物に使用されたSclerotinia trifoliorum BWC 98-105は、芝に対する病原性がないと報告された点で異なる。また、菌核形成菌Sclerotium delphiniiは、分類学的には異なるが、土壌伝染病原性真菌という点で、生態的に類似した面がある。このために、本発明の組成物製造例1、2は、ダラースポット病発生以前に散布する場合、芝が生長する空間を先占することができ、定着すれば、ダラースポット病菌との生態的競争によってダラースポット病が少なく発生する。これを実施例5を通じて確認された。
Claims (10)
- 真菌の休眠状態菌核と、
炭素源及び窒素源栄養素と、を含んで乾燥したことを特徴とする休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物。 - 前記固形組成物は、吸水性素材、粘着剤及び防腐剤のうち、いずれか1つ以上をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物。
- 前記真菌の休眠状態菌核は、スクレロティニア属、スクレロチウム属及びリゾクトニア属のうち、いずれか1つであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物。
- 前記真菌の休眠状態菌核は、1個~5個であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物。
- 前記固形組成物は、球状(globular)または押出型ペレット(extruded pellet)状であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物。
- 前記炭素源及び窒素源栄養素は、固形組成物のうち、1~20重量%含まれたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物。
- 請求項1~6のうち、いずれか1項に記載の休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物を除草用として使用する方法。
- 請求項1~6のうち、いずれか1項に記載の休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物を真菌性土壌伝染病抑制用として使用する方法。
- 前記除草用は、アレチウリ除草用であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物を除草用として使用する方法。
- 前記真菌性土壌伝染病は、ダラースポット病、芝褐斑病、またはイネ紋枯病のうち、いずれか1つであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の休眠状態菌核が含まれた固形組成物を真菌性土壌伝染病抑制用として使用する方法。
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