JP2022500825A - バッテリー - Google Patents
バッテリー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2022500825A JP2022500825A JP2021514047A JP2021514047A JP2022500825A JP 2022500825 A JP2022500825 A JP 2022500825A JP 2021514047 A JP2021514047 A JP 2021514047A JP 2021514047 A JP2021514047 A JP 2021514047A JP 2022500825 A JP2022500825 A JP 2022500825A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- electrolyte
- electrochemical cell
- cell according
- sulfur
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 polyphenylene vinylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N captafol Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;difluoro oxalate;borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- ZEAVNOQDMHVDLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound CC1=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N1 ZEAVNOQDMHVDLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- LAZAPLSLBNDLDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].FC(F)F Chemical compound [Li].FC(F)F LAZAPLSLBNDLDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical group [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PMNLZQYZDPTDNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(=O)(=O)SP(=O)=O.[Li] Chemical compound P(=O)(=O)SP(=O)=O.[Li] PMNLZQYZDPTDNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical compound [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KSRKBDUROZKZBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-methyl-propylazanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(CC)CC KSRKBDUROZKZBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- IDBFBDSKYCUNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitride Chemical compound [Li]N([Li])[Li] IDBFBDSKYCUNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VXAAFQCAJIHDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;sulfur monoxide Chemical compound [Li].S=O VXAAFQCAJIHDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- WUMVZXWBOFOYAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-(1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobut-1-enoxy)but-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WUMVZXWBOFOYAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002200 LIPON - lithium phosphorus oxynitride Substances 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRSIEAQOBHMYJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si]=S.[Li] Chemical compound [Si]=S.[Li] GRSIEAQOBHMYJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical group [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk1a3526 Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSGKJXQWZSFJEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;butyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(C)C.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XSGKJXQWZSFJEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGLLWWMHAWYWLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;ethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)CCOC.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F NGLLWWMHAWYWLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLEKRZBYCSJUNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;hexyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F SLEKRZBYCSJUNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XALVHDZWUBSWES-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;tributyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XALVHDZWUBSWES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFLGAVZONHCOQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;trimethyl(propyl)azanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C)C.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F NFLGAVZONHCOQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPTSBERGOGHCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron lithium Chemical compound [Li].[B] PPTSBERGOGHCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QMQBBUPJKANITL-MYXGOWFTSA-N dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C([C@](OC(=O)CC)([C@H](C)CN(C)C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QMQBBUPJKANITL-MYXGOWFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYIAWAACGTUPCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(diethylsulfamoyl)-n-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)S(=O)(=O)N(CC)CC IYIAWAACGTUPCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KVFIZLDWRFTUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [K+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KVFIZLDWRFTUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FJPWIJZUVYYHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Na+] FJPWIJZUVYYHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXJLCRNXYNRGRA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC DXJLCRNXYNRGRA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQDZSGHAIZKNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium difluoro oxalate borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF ZQDZSGHAIZKNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
電気化学セル
アノード
カソード
電解質
方法
「従来の」カソードを有するリチウム‐硫黄セルの電気化学的性能が提供される。カソード(正極)は、活物質として70wt.%の硫黄、導電性添加剤として20wt.%のケッチェンブラック、バインダーとして10wt.%のPEOを含んで成った。セルの液体電解質には、飽和濃度の75%を超える濃度のリチウム塩が含まれていた。上記液体電解質は、4.5Mのモル濃度にジメトキシエタン(DME)内に溶解されたLiFSIからなる。100ミクロンの厚さのリチウム金属箔が負極(アノード)として利用された。液体電解質成分は、電極間に配置された不活性セパレーター内に保持された。
本発明のセルの電気化学的性能データを図2に示す。本発明に従って作製されたカソード(正極)は、50重量%の固体イオン伝導性(又は導電性;conducting)セラミック(75重量%のLi2Sと25重量%のP2S5を組み合わせることによって作製された)、活物質として30重量%の硫黄元素、および導電性添加剤として10重量%のケッチェンブラックを含んで成った。飽和濃度の75%を超える濃度のリチウム塩と、リチウム金属箔アノード(負極)を含む液体電解質。液体電解質成分は、電極間に配置された不活性セパレーター内に保持された。固体電解質成分に含まれる硫黄は、容量計算で見なされた(または説明された、または計算された;is accounted for)。
Claims (17)
- アノード、イオン伝導性カソード、及び液体電解質を含んで成り、
前記アノードは、リチウム金属若しくはナトリウム金属、またはリチウム金属合金若しくはナトリウム金属合金を含んで成り、
前記イオン伝導性カソードは、電気活性硫黄材料を含んで成り、及び、
前記液体電解質は、少なくとも1種のリチウム塩または少なくとも1種のナトリウム塩を含んで成り、前記電解質の前記ポリスルフィドの溶解度が500mM未満である、
電気化学セル。 - 前記電解質の前記少なくとも1種のリチウム塩またはナトリウム塩の前記濃度が、前記電解質の前記飽和濃度の少なくとも75%である、請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記カソードが、導電性セラミック粒子およびイオン伝導性ポリマーの少なくとも一方から選択されるイオン伝導性材料をさらに含んで成る、請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記導電性セラミック粒子が、LLZO、LATP、LGPSまたはLi2S−P2S5の少なくとも1種から選択される、請求項3に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記カソードが、電気伝導性炭素材料またはイオン伝導性ポリマーを含んで成る固体電気伝導性材料をさらに含んで成る、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記電気伝導性炭素材料が、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノファイバー、グラフェン、還元型酸化グラフェン、およびカーボンブラックのうちの少なくとも1種から選択される、請求項5に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーが、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、ポリアニリン、ポリアセチレン、ポリフェニレンビニレン、およびポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)のうちの少なくとも1種から選択される、請求項5に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記カソードが、炭素−硫黄複合材料を含んで成る、請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記カソードが、該カソードの総重量に基づいて1〜60重量%のイオン伝導性材料を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記電気活性硫黄材料が硫黄元素またはLi2Sを含んで成る、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記少なくとも1種のリチウム塩が、リチウムヘキサフルオロアルセネートLiAsF6、リチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートLiPF6、リチウムパークロレートLiCLO4、リチウムサルフェートLi2SO4、リチウムニトレートLiNO3、リチウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネートLiOTf、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタン)スルホンイミドLiTFSI、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドLiFSI、リチウムビス(オキサレート)ボレートLiBOB、リチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレートLiDFOB、リチウムビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミドLiBETI、リチウム2−トリフルオロメチル−4,5−ジシアノイミダゾールLiTDI、およびそれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記電解質は、直鎖エーテル、ジエチルエーテル(DEE)、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、ジメトキシエタン(DME)、ジオキソラン(DIOX)、ジグリム、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、メチルホルメート(MF)、エチルホルメート(EF)、メチルプロピオネート(MP)、エチルアセテート(EA)、およびメチルブチレート(MB)、メチルエチルケトン、アセトニトリル(ACN) 、プロピオニトリル(PN)、イソブチロニトリル(iBN)、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)、テトラメチルウレア(TMU)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、トリメチルホスフェート、トリエチルホスフェート、ヘキサメチルホスホルアミド、トルエン、ベンゼン、ヘプタン、キシレン、およびジクロロメタン;イオン液体、フッ素化エーテル、ゲル、およびそれらの混合物の少なくとも1種から選択される溶媒を含んで成る、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記飽和濃度が少なくとも80%、好ましくは少なくとも90%である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記カソードが、バインダーをさらに含んで成り、該バインダーがPEO、PVDF、ナフィオン、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、ポリアニリン、ポリアセチレン、ポリフェニレンビニレン、ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)およびポリフェニレンスルフィドの少なくとも1種から好ましくは選択される、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記バインダーが、前記電極の前記総重量の1〜30重量%含まれる、請求項14に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記電解質の前記ポリスルフィドの溶解度が、400mM未満、好ましくは200mM未満、例えば100mM未満である、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記電気化学セルがリチウム‐硫黄セルである、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学セル。
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US12034121B2 (en) | 2024-07-09 |
GB2577114A (en) | 2020-03-18 |
GB2577114B (en) | 2022-04-27 |
WO2020053604A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
EP3850694A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
GB201815030D0 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
KR20210057155A (ko) | 2021-05-20 |
US20220102758A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
CN113016093A (zh) | 2021-06-22 |
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