JP2022184952A - 放射性医薬品、放射線造影剤及びそれらの使用 - Google Patents
放射性医薬品、放射線造影剤及びそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K5/021—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-(X)n-C(=0)-, n being 5 or 6; for n > 6, classification in C07K5/06 - C07K5/10, according to the moiety having normal peptide bonds
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Abstract
Description
Xは、H、OH、ハロゲン、シアノ、NO2、NH2、任意に置換されたC1-C12アルキル、任意に置換されたアミノ、任意に置換されたアミド及び任意に置換されたアリールから選択される基であり、
Yは、任意に置換されたC1-C12アルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基中の1以上のメチレン基は、アミド、カルボニル、尿素及びチオ尿素から選択される基で任意にさらに置換されていてもよく、
mは0、1又は2であり、
nは0、1又は2である。
Xは、H、OH、ハロゲン、シアノ、NO2、NH2、任意に置換されたC1-C12アルキル、任意に置換されたアミノ、任意に置換されたアミド及び任意に置換されたアリールから選択される基であり、
Yは、任意に置換されたC1-C12アルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基中の1以上のメチレン基は、アミド、カルボニル、尿素及びチオ尿素から選択される基で任意に置換されており、
mは0、1又は2であり、
nは0、1又は2であり、
上記式(I)の化合物はCuイオンと錯化しており、
当該組成物は、エタノール、ゲンチジン酸又はその塩、及び塩化ナトリウムをさらに含む。
種々の実施形態の薬剤は、後述する反応経路及び合成スキームを使用して、当該技術分野で利用できる技術を用いて、容易に入手できる出発物質を使用して調製されてよい。実施形態の特定の化合物の調製を、以下の実施例に詳細に記載するが、当業者は、記載する化学反応は、種々の実施形態のいくつかの他の薬剤を調製するために容易に適合させてもよいことを認識する。例えば、例示されていない化合物の合成は、当業者に明らかな改変により、例えば干渉する基を適切に保護することにより、当該技術分野で公知の他の好適な試薬に変更することにより、又は反応条件の日常的な改変を行うことにより成功裏に実施されてよい。有機合成における好適な保護基の一覧は、T.W.GreeneのProtective Groups in Organic Synthesis、第3版、John Wiley & Sons、1991年に見出すことができる。あるいは、本明細書に開示されるか又は当該技術分野で公知の他の反応は、種々の実施形態の他の化合物を調製するための適用性を有すると認識されるであろう。化合物を合成するために有用な試薬は、当該技術分野で公知の技術に従って入手又は調製してよい。
Sar-PSMAの合成
スキーム1は、Sar-PSMA1の化合物の合成のために採用した経路の概略を示す。
Sar-PSMAリガンド1を、64CuIIを用いて水溶液(0.1M NH4OAc、pH8、1~10nmol Sar-PSMA)中、室温で放射標識した。固相カートリッジ(Phenomenex Strata-X RP 60mg/mL)からの溶出により64Cu-Sar-PSMAを>94%収率(n.d.c.)及び>97%放射化学収率(7.95~21.9GBq/μmol)で得た。
参考文献:Duspara,P.A.;Islam,M.S.;Lough,A.J.;Batey,R.A.,Synthesis and reactivity of N-alkyl carbamoylimidazoles:development of N-methyl carbamoylimidazole as a methyl isocyanate equivalent. J Org Chem 2012,77(22),10362-8。
Wang樹脂(1.028g、1.15mmol/g、1.18mmol)が入っている50mLファルコンチューブに、DMF中のFmoc-Lys(DDiv)-OH(2.038g、3.55mmol、3.0当量)、HCTU(1.33g、3.5mmol、2.96当量)、DIPEA(1.24mL、7.09mmol、6当量)、DMAP(43.3mg、0.355mmol、0.3当量)の予め活性化した混合物を加えた。この樹脂を振盪機上に2時間置き、反応させた。次に、樹脂の残りの官能基を塞ぐためにこの反応混合物に無水酢酸(223μL、2.36mmol、2当量)及びピリジン(190μL、2.36mmol、2当量)を加え、30分間撹拌した。次に、この樹脂を濾過し、DMFで3回、DCMで3回、MeOHで2回及びEt2Oで2回洗浄し、乾燥し、秤量して最終の樹脂ローディングを求めた(0.759mmol/g)。樹脂ローディングは、以下のとおり求めた。
Sar-PSMAリガンドを、標準的なFmoc固相ペプチド合成条件下で、上記樹脂上のKuEモチーフから合成した。
樹脂に結合したペプチド4を、DMF中の20%ピペリジンの溶液で5分間処理し、これを3回繰り返した。次に、この樹脂をDMFで3回及びDCMで3回連続的に洗浄した。
TNBSA(トリニトロベンゼンスルホン酸)試験を使用して、各カップリング/脱保護工程に対して定性試験を実施した。少量の樹脂(約20ビーズ)をエッペンドルフ(Eppendorf)チューブの中に入れた。TNBSA(DMF中の5%溶液を10μL)及びDIPEA(DMF中の5%溶液を10μL)を加え、その混合物を2分間激しく撹拌した。樹脂の色変化が観察されなかった場合、その試験は、第一級アミンの不存在を示し、他方、樹脂の橙色は遊離の第一級アミンの存在を示した。
Fmocアミノ酸(3当量)を、DMF中のHCTU(AAに対して0.96当量)及びDIPEA(AAに対して2当量)を使用して活性化した。5分後、この溶液を樹脂に加え、時折撹拌した。20分後、その樹脂を濾過し、DMFで1回、DCMで3回及びDMFで3回連続的に洗浄し、6を得た。
BocMeCOSar(0.464g、0.5mmol、1.2当量)を、DMF中のHCTU(0.207g)、HOBt(67.6mg)、及びDIPEA(174μL)を使用して活性化した。5分後、この溶液を樹脂6(0.4mmol)に加え、時折撹拌した。24時間後、その樹脂を濾過し、DMFで1回、DCMで3回及びDMFで3回連続的に洗浄した。
樹脂7をDCMで数回洗浄し、次いで50mLファルコンチューブに移した。95:2.5:2.5 TFA/TIPS/H2O(15mL)を加え、この樹脂を室温で2時間激しく撹拌した。この樹脂を濾過し、3mL TFAで2回洗浄した。濾液を集め、N2気流のもとでTFAを蒸発させた。この粗製ペプチドを過剰の冷Et2Oの添加により沈殿させ、遠心分離した。Et2Oを傾瀉し、この過程を3回繰り返した。沈殿した粗製ペプチドを乾燥し、秤量し、分取HPLCにより精製した。
上記粗製ペプチド(818mg)をH2O中の22%MeCN(6.4mL)の中で再構成し、Kinetex 5μ 100Å AXIA充填C18 21.2×150mmセミ分取用カラムでの5mL/分のRP-HPLC(24%定組成で60分)により少しずつ精製した。生成物を含有する画分を分離し、凍結乾燥し、生成物1をふわふわした白色粉末として得た(58.5mg、使用した樹脂に対して16.1%)。
一定分量の64CuII(30~200MBq、0.1M NH4OAc、pH6)を、MilliQ水中のSar-PSMA1(5μg、4.3×10-3μmol)、NH4OAc、pH5(最終濃度:0.05M)、エタノール(10%)、及びMilliQ水中のゲンチジン酸(最終濃度:0.056%)を含有する溶液に加え、pHを測定した(pH:5)。この反応物を室温で30分間インキュベーションした。30分後、一定分量をRP-HPLCにより分析し、>98%放射化学的純度を有する生成物64Cu-Sar-PSMAを決定した。
37℃の新鮮なヒト血漿200μLに生理食塩水中の64Cu-Sar-PSMAの溶液(100μL、約8.8MBq、<10%EtOH)を加え、この混合物を37℃で24時間インキュベーションした。24時間後、冷アセトニトリル(600μL)を添加した。沈殿した血清タンパク質を遠心分離(13000rpm)により分離し、上清300μLを取り出し、エバポレーションにより濃縮した。この溶液を水(100μL)で希釈し、生成物をRP-HPLCにより分析した。
64CuSarPSMAのインビボ体内分布を、LNCaP腫瘍保有NSG(NOD SCID Gamma)マウスにおいて注射の1時間後、6時間後及び22時間後に調べた。1時間では、64CuSarPSMAは、腎臓で最高の取り込みを示し、低い腫瘍/腎臓比を生じた(図5)。しかしながら、この体内分布データは、迅速な腎臓クリアランス及びあとの時間点での適度な腫瘍での保持を明らかにした。腫瘍での64Cu-Sar-PSMAの適度な保持にもかかわらず、循環系からの迅速なクリアランス、及び6時間後には事実上バックグラウンド蓄積がないことに起因して、顕著なコントラストがあった。さらには、他のPSMA陽性組織(肺、脾臓)における低い取り込みにより、64Cu-Sar-PSMAについて高い腫瘍対バックグラウンド比が可能になった。
CoSar(PSMA)2の合成
活性化Glu中間体の合成
参考文献:Duspara,P.A.;Islam,M.S.;Lough,A.J.;Batey,R.A.,Synthesis and reactivity of N-alkyl carbamoylimidazoles:development of N-methyl carbamoylimidazole as a methyl isocyanate equivalent. J Org Chem 2012,77(22),10362-8。
8-Aoc-ffリンカーを、以下のFmocプロトコルを使用して調製した。
上記樹脂に結合したペプチドをDMF中の20%ピペリジンの溶液で15分間処理し、これを3回繰り返した。次に、この樹脂をDMFで3回及びDCMで3回連続的に洗浄した。
80mLのDCM中のFmoc-8-Aoc-OH(5.00g、13.1mmol、1.75当量)及びDIPEA(2当量AAに対して)を2-CT樹脂(7.50g、1mmol/g、1当量)に加え、撹拌した。2時間後、8mLのMeOHを加え、この樹脂をさらに30分間撹拌した。その樹脂を濾過し、DCMで3回、DMFで3回、DCMで3回,MeOHで2回及びEt2Oで2回連続的に洗浄し、乾燥した。樹脂ローディングを下記等式を使用して算出し、0.628mmol/g(全部で6.16mmol)であることが判明した。
Fmoc-D-Phe-OH(2当量)を、NMP中のHATU(AAに対して0.96当量)及びDIPEA(AAに対して2当量)を使用して活性化した。5分後、この溶液を樹脂に加え、12時間以上撹拌した。その樹脂を濾過し、DMFで1回、DCMで3回及びDMFで3回連続的に洗浄した。次に、このカップリングを上記のように12時間以上繰り返し、その後、濾過し、DMFで1回、DCMで3回及びDMFで3回連続的に洗浄した。
上記樹脂をDCMで数回洗浄し、次いで2つの50mLファルコンチューブに移した。DCM中の5%TFA(75mL)を加え、この樹脂を室温で2時間激しく撹拌した。その樹脂を濾過し、DCM中の5%TFA15mLで2回洗浄した。濾液を集め、N2気流のもとで溶媒を減量した。この粗製ペプチドを50/50 水/MeCNに再溶解させ、凍結乾燥し、粗製ペプチドを得た。この粗製ペプチドをさらに精製することなく使用した。
(tBoc)4-5CoSar-Plusは、Ma,M.T.;Cooper,M.S.;Paul,R.L.;Shaw,K.P.;Karas,J.A.;Scanlon,D.;White,J.M.;Blower,P.J.;Donnelly,P.S. Inorg Chem 2011,50,6701にある手順に従って調製できる。
一定分量の64CuII(100~400MBq、0.01M HCl)を、0.1M NH4OAc、pH5.5(500μL)、エタノール(100μL)、MilliQ水(300μL)、及びゲンチジン酸(1.2mg、MilliQ水中10mg/mL)を含有する溶液に加え、pHを測定した(pH:5)。この溶液に、CoSar-(PSMA)2(20μg、8.4×10-3μmol、MilliQ中1mg/mL)を加え、この反応物を室温で30分間インキュベーションした。30分後、一定分量をRP-HPLCにより分析し、>97%放射化学的純度を有する生成物、64Cu-CoSar(PSMA)2を決定した(rt:13.9分)。
Claims (34)
- Xが任意に置換されたC1-C12アルキルである請求項1に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- Xが任意に置換されたアミドである請求項1に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- Yが置換アルキレン基である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- Yがアミド基で置換されたアルキレン基である請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- Yが、カルボニル基でさらに置換されたアルキレン基である請求項6に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- Yが非置換アルキレン基である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- YがC1アルキレン基である請求項9に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- Yがメチレン基である請求項9又は請求項10に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- mが1である請求項1から請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- nが1である請求項1から請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- 金属イオンと配位している請求項1から請求項16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- 前記金属イオンが、Cu、Tc、Gd、Ga、In、Co、Re、Fe、Au、Mg、Ca、Ag、Rh、Pt、Bi、Cr、W、Ni、V、Ir、Zn、Cd、Mn、Ru、Pd、Hg、Ti、Lu、Sc及びYのイオンである請求項17に記載の化合物、又はその塩、錯体、異性体、溶媒和物若しくはプロドラッグ。
- 前記金属イオンが放射性核種である請求項17又は請求項18に記載の化合物。
- 前記金属イオンが銅のイオンである請求項17から請求項19のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記金属イオンが、60Cu、62Cu、64Cu及び67Cuからなる群から選択される請求項17から請求項20のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1から請求項24のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と、薬学的に許容できる賦形剤とを含む組成物。
- 請求項1から請求項24のいずれか一項に記載の化合物を含み、
エタノール、ゲンチジン酸又はその塩、及び塩化ナトリウムをさらに含む非経口投与用水性組成物。 - 前記式(I)の化合物がCuイオンと錯化している請求項26に記載の水性組成物。
- 前記Cuイオンが、60Cu、62Cu、64Cu及び67Cuからなる群から選択される請求項27に記載の水性組成物。
- 必要とする被験者における状態の処置方法又は予防方法であって、治療上有効量の請求項1から請求項24のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は請求項25から請求項29のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を投与する工程を備える方法。
- 前記状態が癌である請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記状態が、乳癌、結腸癌、肺癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、頭部癌及び/又は頸部癌、腎臓癌、胃癌、膵臓癌、脳癌、血液悪性腫瘍、リンパ腫及び白血病からなる群から選択される請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記状態は前立腺癌である請求項29から請求項31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 被験者の放射線撮影方法であって、有効量の請求項1から請求項24のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は請求項25から請求項29のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を投与する工程を備える方法。
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CN114423421A (zh) * | 2019-05-24 | 2022-04-29 | 透明医药有限公司 | Psma显像剂的制剂 |
WO2020252598A1 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-24 | Provincial Health Services Authority | Radiolabeled compounds targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen |
WO2021087568A1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-14 | The University Of Queensland | Radiolabelled targeting ligands |
JP2023523226A (ja) * | 2020-04-29 | 2023-06-02 | ノバルティス アーゲー | Psma結合リガンドを放射標識するための方法及びそのキット |
US20240050600A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2024-02-15 | Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Radiopharmaceuticals, uses thereof, and methods for the production thereof |
US20240018099A1 (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2024-01-18 | Novartis Ag | Synthesis of prostate specific membrane antigen (psma) ligands |
WO2022123462A1 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-16 | 3B Pharmaceuticals Gmbh | Radiolabelled prostate specific membrane antigen (psma) inhibitors and use thereof |
US20240082435A1 (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2024-03-14 | Telix International (Innovations) Pty Ltd | Solid phase synthesis of glutamate-urea-lysine derived (GUL derived) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting conjugates and their use as precursors for therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents |
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