JP2022030628A - 排ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2022030628A JP2022030628A JP2020134758A JP2020134758A JP2022030628A JP 2022030628 A JP2022030628 A JP 2022030628A JP 2020134758 A JP2020134758 A JP 2020134758A JP 2020134758 A JP2020134758 A JP 2020134758A JP 2022030628 A JP2022030628 A JP 2022030628A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- barium
- catalyst layer
- gas purification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Si] SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011184 SiC–SiC matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Pr 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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Abstract
Description
このような構成によれば、酸素貯蔵能の高温耐久性に優れる通電加熱式触媒が提供される。
基材11は、触媒層20を担持する部材である。基材11は、Si-SiC複合材料を含有する。基材11がSi-SiC複合材料を含有することにより、優れた導電性を得ることができる。また、Si-SiC複合材料は抵抗発熱体として機能し得るため、基材11がSi-SiC複合材料を含有することにより、排ガス浄化用触媒10を通電加熱式触媒として用いることができる。
触媒層20は、触媒成分として、白金族金属を含有する。すなわち、触媒層20は、白金(Pt)、ロジウム(Rh)、パラジウム(Pd)、ルテニウム(Ru)、オスミウム(Os)、およびイリジウム(Ir)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を含有する。ここで、PdおよびPtは、一酸化炭素(CO)および炭化水素(HC)の浄化性能(酸化浄化能)に優れ、RhはNOxの浄化性能(還元浄化能)に優れる。よって、高い浄化性能の観点から、触媒層20に含有される白金族金属は、Pt、Rh、およびPdからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。また、白金族触媒がPdの場合、酸素貯蔵能の低下原因となるSiが触媒層内により拡散し易くなる。したがって、酸素貯蔵能の高温耐久性向上効果がより高くなることから、白金族金属としては、Pdがより好ましい。
〔実施例1〕
基材として、Si-SiC複合材料製のハニカム基材(容積551mL、セル数600cpsi、隔壁厚み5ミル、セル形状四角、基材長50mm)を用意した。硝酸パラジウム溶液と、La2O3複合化Al2O3粉末と、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、La2O3およびY2O3が微量添加されたCZ複合酸化物粉末と、平均粒径が100nmの硫酸バリウムと、Al2O3系バインダーと、イオン交換水とを混合してPd含有スラリーを調製した。Pd含有スラリーを、上記基材に流し込み、不要なスラリーをブロアーで吹き払うことにより、基材壁面をスラリーでコートした。次に、この基材を、120℃に設定された乾燥機に入れて、2時間乾燥させた。その後、この基材を、電気炉内にて500℃で2時間焼成して、第1の触媒層としてのPd触媒層を形成した。
バリウム成分として、下記表に示す平均粒子径を有する化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。なお、平均粒径が50nm以上の硫酸バリウムに関し、その平均粒径は、湿式粉砕により調整した。また平均粒径が5nmの硫酸バリウムについては、水溶性Baをスラリー調製に用いた。
基材として、コージェライト製のハニカム基材(容積551mL、セル数600cpsi、隔壁厚み4ミル、セル形状四角、基材長50mm)を用意した。このコージェライト製の基材を用い、バリウム成分として、下記表に示す平均粒子径を有する化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
台上に設置したV型8気筒ガソリンエンジンの排気系に、各実施例、各比較例および各参考例の排ガス浄化用触媒を装着し、触媒床温1000℃で、所定のフューエルカットを含む条件で50時間の耐久試験を施した。
台上に設置したガソリンエンジンの排気系に、上記の耐久試験を施した各実施例、各比較例および各参考例の排ガス浄化用触媒を装着した。また、触媒の下流にO2センサを取り付けた。エンジンに供給する混合ガスの空燃比A/Fをリッチとリーンの間で矩形で振幅させた。このときの酸素放出量および酸素吸収量の和を積算し、OSCを算出した。結果を図4に示す。
各実施例、各比較例および各参考例の排ガス浄化用触媒をエンジンベンチの排気系に設置し、理論空燃比でエンジンの燃焼状態を制御した。熱交換器を用いて、触媒への流入ガス温度を、昇温速度10℃/分で200℃から500℃まで昇温させた。エンジンの吸入空気量は25g/秒とした。昇温中の触媒への流入ガスおよび触媒からの流出ガスのガス成分を分析して、NOx成分を50%浄化できる温度(NOx成分の50%浄化温度:T50-NOx)を算出した。結果を図5に示す。
11 基材
15 セル
16 隔壁
20 触媒層(第1の触媒層)
30 第2の触媒層
40 電極
42 電極層
44 電極端子
Claims (4)
- 基材と、
前記基材と接する触媒層と、
を備える排ガス浄化用触媒であって、
前記基材は、ケイ素-炭化ケイ素複合材を含み、
前記触媒層は、白金族触媒と、バリウム成分と、酸素貯蔵材料と、を含み、
前記バリウム成分は、バリウム、およびバリウム化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、
前記バリウム成分は、少なくとも酸素貯蔵材料の表面に存在しており、
前記バリウム成分の平均粒径は、100nm以上350nm以下である、
排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記バリウム成分の平均粒径が、100nm以上200nm以下である、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 前記白金族金属が、Pdである、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- さらに電極を備え、
通電加熱式触媒である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
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JP4097749B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-03 | 2008-06-11 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 接触酸化用触媒 |
JP4296844B2 (ja) | 2003-05-28 | 2009-07-15 | スズキ株式会社 | 電気加熱式触媒装置 |
JP5599208B2 (ja) | 2010-03-19 | 2014-10-01 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム触媒体及び排ガス浄化装置 |
CN104066507A (zh) * | 2012-01-23 | 2014-09-24 | 恩亿凯嘉股份有限公司 | 包含硫酸钡的氧化铝材料、使用其的废气净化用催化剂 |
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JP6052250B2 (ja) | 2014-07-29 | 2016-12-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 通電加熱式触媒装置 |
JP6785901B2 (ja) | 2019-02-21 | 2020-11-18 | 株式会社フジクラ | フィルタ装置、レーザ装置 |
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JPH1043598A (ja) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-02-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化用触媒装置 |
JP2010229976A (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-14 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 通電発熱用ハニカム体及びその製造方法 |
WO2010137658A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-02 | 株式会社 キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
WO2014156746A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料とその製造方法、それを用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
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