JP2021530838A - 使用済みリチウムイオン電池のリサイクルプロセス - Google Patents
使用済みリチウムイオン電池のリサイクルプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021530838A JP2021530838A JP2021500529A JP2021500529A JP2021530838A JP 2021530838 A JP2021530838 A JP 2021530838A JP 2021500529 A JP2021500529 A JP 2021500529A JP 2021500529 A JP2021500529 A JP 2021500529A JP 2021530838 A JP2021530838 A JP 2021530838A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- solid
- acid
- weight
- transition metal
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KPUBIZJWWGSWGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;carbonic acid Chemical compound N.N.N.OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O KPUBIZJWWGSWGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000658 coextraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001506 inorganic fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940116315 oxalic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960000443 hydrochloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940074355 nitric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- JGUQDUKBUKFFRO-CIIODKQPSA-N dimethylglyoxime Chemical compound O/N=C(/C)\C(\C)=N\O JGUQDUKBUKFFRO-CIIODKQPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005293 ferrimagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
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- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1=O ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016365 Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016722 Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017246 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000681 Silicon-tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000010115 WHIM syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033355 WHIM syndrome 1 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACKHWUITNXEGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Co+2].[Ni+2] ACKHWUITNXEGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005261 aspartic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002449 glycine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- LQJIDIOGYJAQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lambda2-silanylidenetin Chemical compound [Si].[Sn] LQJIDIOGYJAQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004989 laser desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099690 malic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000865 membrane-inlet mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940093956 potassium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
- C22B23/043—Sulfurated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(a)フッ素化合物(例えば、無機フッ化物)および/またはリンの化合物などの典型的な不純物を含有する、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物材料を、H2の存在下で200〜900℃の範囲の温度に加熱することと、
(b)工程(a)で得られた生成物の水性媒体による処理と、
(c)工程(b)の固体残留物からNiを除去するための固固分離と、
(d)工程(b)で得られた溶液からの水酸化物または塩としてのLiの回収と、任意選択的にさらに
(e)工程(c)で得られた固体Ni濃縮物からのNiおよび、該当する場合は、Coの抽出と、の工程を含む。
(b)工程(a)で得られた生成物の水性媒体による処理と、
(c)工程(b)の固体残留物からNiおよび、該当する場合は、Coを除去するための固固分離と、
(d)工程(b)で得られた溶液からの水酸化物または塩としてのLiの回収と、
(e)工程(c)で得られた固体Ni濃縮物からのNiおよび、該当する場合は、Coの抽出。
(a)H2の存在下で、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物材料を200〜900℃の範囲の温度に加熱する、
(b)工程(a)で得られた生成物の水性媒体による処理、
(c)工程(b)の固体残留物からNiを除去するための固固分離、
(d)工程(b)で得られた溶液からの水酸化物または塩としてのLiの回収、
(e)工程(c)で得られた固体Ni濃縮物からのNiおよび、該当する場合は、Coの抽出;
を含み、工程(a)で加熱されたリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物材料は、リチウムイオン電池に由来し、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物材料の重量に対して、0.5〜8、典型的には1〜8、特に2〜8重量%の範囲のフッ素、および/または0.2重量%〜2重量%の範囲のリンを含有する。
0≦x≦0.2
0.1≦a≦0.8、
0≦b≦0.99;典型的には0≦b≦0.5、好ましくは0.05<b≦0.5、
0≦c≦0.6、
0≦d≦0.1、およびa+b+c+d=1。
Li(1+x)[NiaCobMncM1 d](1−x)O2 (I)
その他の変数は、上記のように定義される。
hは、0.8〜0.90の範囲であり、
iは、0.15〜0.19の範囲であり、
jは、0.01〜0.05の範囲であり、および
rは、0〜0.4の範囲である。
−硫酸、塩酸、硝酸などの無機酸、
−メタンスルホン酸、シュウ酸、クエン酸、アスパラギン酸、リンゴ酸、アスコルビン酸、またはグリシンなどの有機酸、
−アンモニア、アミンの水溶液、アンモニア、炭酸アンモニウムまたはアンモニアおよび二酸化炭素の混合物などの塩基、または
−EDTAまたはジメチルグリオキシムなどのキレート剤である。
特に明記されていない限り、パーセンテージは重量%を指す。重量%(% by weight)および重量%(wt%)という表現は、互換的に使用され得る。言及されている場合は常に、「室温」および「周囲温度」という用語は、約18〜25℃の温度を意味する。
工程(a.1)H2の存在下での熱処理
同様のモル量のニッケル、コバルト、およびマンガンを含有する32.8gの使用済みカソード活物質と、
グラファイトおよび煤および残留電解質の形態での17.5gの有機炭素と、
Al(0.6g)、Cu(0.5g)、F(合計:2.2g)、Fe(0.55g)、P(0.3g)、Zn(0.04g)、Zr(0.15g)、Mg(2mg)、Ca(6mg)を含む9.7gのさらなる不純物と、を含有する、機械的に処理された60gの量の電池スクラップを管炉内の黒鉛るつぼに入れ、アルゴン流(20Nl/h)下で45分間の間に400℃に加熱した。温度は、水素の流れが停止し、炉がアルゴンの流れの下で周囲温度に冷却されるまで、アルゴン中の10重量%の水素流(22Nl/h)下で7.5時間一定に維持された。るつぼから50.1gの熱処理材料が回収され、Ni/Co合金、グラファイト、およびLiOHのXRD信号が示された。
同様のモル量のニッケル、コバルト、およびマンガンを含む55重量%の使用済みカソード活物質、グラファイトおよび煤および残留電解質の形態の29重量%の有機炭素、ならびにAl(1重量%)、Cu(0.8重量%)、F(合計:3.7重量%)、Fe(0.9重量%)、P(0.5重量%)、Zn(0.07重量%)、Zr(0.3重量%)Mg(<0.01重量%)、Ca(0.01重量%)を含有する、16重量%のさらなる不純物を含有する、機械的に処理された20gの量の電池スクラップを回転オーブンに入れ、アルゴン流(20Nl/h)下で45分間、それぞれ400、410、420、430、450、470、500℃に加熱する。それぞれの温度で、水素流(100%、20Nl/h)下でさらに45分間温度を一定に維持する。その後、水素流を止め、アルゴン流下で炉を周囲温度まで放冷する。熱処理された材料は、オーブンから回収され、Ni/Co合金、グラファイト、およびLiOHのXRD信号を示す。加熱された材料内のLiの量は、各加熱実験の後に測定される。
工程(a.1)で得られた5gの材料を50mLの脱イオン水でスラリー化し、周囲温度で30分間撹拌した後、濾過する。透明な濾液は、以下に列挙される濃度のリチウム、水酸化物、炭酸塩、およびフッ化物を含有していることがわかる(表1)。
同様のモル量のニッケル、コバルト、およびマンガンを含む55重量%の使用済みカソード活物質、グラファイトおよび煤および残留電解質の形態の29重量%の有機炭素、ならびにAl(1重量%)、Cu(0.8重量%)、F(合計:3.7重量%)、Fe(0.9重量%)、P(0.5重量%)、Zn(0.07重量%)、Zr(0.3重量%)、Mg(<0.01重量%)、Ca(0.01重量%)を含有する16重量%のさらなる不純物を含有する、機械的に処理された20gの量の電池スクラップを回転オーブンに入れ、アルゴン流(20Nl/h)下で45分間400℃に加熱する。温度は、表2に記載されているように、水素流(100%、20Nl/h)下で、15、30、45、60、150、または450分間一定に維持される。その後、水素流を止め、アルゴン流下で炉を周囲温度まで放冷する。熱処理された材料は、オーブンから回収され、Ni/Co合金、グラファイト、およびLiOHのXRD信号を示す。加熱された材料内のLiの量は、各加熱実験の後に測定される。
工程(a.1)で得られた5gの材料を50mLの脱イオン水でスラリー化し、周囲温度で30分間撹拌した後、濾過する。透明な濾液は、以下に列挙された濃度のリチウム、水酸化物、炭酸塩、およびフッ化物を含有していることがわかる(表2)。
工程(a.3)熱処理前の溶媒処理
同様のモル量のニッケル、コバルト、およびマンガンを含む55重量%の使用済みカソード活物質、グラファイトおよび煤および残留電解質の形態の29重量%の有機炭素、ならびにAl(1重量%)、Cu(0.8重量%)、F(合計:3.7重量%)、Fe(0.9重量%)、P(0.5重量%)、Zn(0.07重量%)、Zr(0.3重量%)、Mg(<0.01重量%)、Ca(0.01重量%)を含有する16重量%のさらなる不純物を含有する、機械的に処理された750gの量の電池スクラップを2.5Lの水と混合し、周囲温度で60分間撹拌し、次に濾過した。
工程(a.1)で得られた5gの材料を50mLの脱イオン水でスラリー化し、周囲温度で30分間撹拌した後、濾過する。透明な濾液は、以下に列挙された濃度のリチウム、水酸化物、炭酸塩、およびフッ化物を含有していることがわかる(表3)。
Claims (15)
- ニッケルを含有する使用済みリチウムイオン電池からの遷移金属の回収のためのプロセスであって、前記プロセスは、
(a)リチウムイオン電池に由来し、不純物としてフッ素化合物および/またはリン化合物を含有する、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物材料を、H2の存在下で200〜900℃の範囲の温度に加熱することと、
(b)工程(a)で得られた生成物の水性媒体による処理と、
(c)工程(b)の固体残留物からNiを除去するための固固分離と、
(d)工程(b)で得られた溶液からの水酸化物または塩としてのLiの回収と、
(e)工程(c)で得られた固体Ni濃縮物からのNiおよび該当する場合はCoの抽出と、の工程を含む、プロセス。 - ニッケルを含有する使用済みリチウムイオン電池からの遷移金属の回収のためのプロセスであって、前記プロセスは、
(a)リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物材料をH2の存在下で200〜900℃の範囲の温度に加熱することと、
(b)工程(a)で得られた生成物の水性媒体による処理と、
(c)工程(b)の固体残留物からNiを除去するための固固分離と、
(d)工程(b)で得られた溶液からの水酸化物または塩としてのLiの回収と、
(e)工程(c)で得られた固体Ni濃縮物からのNiおよび該当する場合はCoの抽出と、の工程を含み、
工程(a)で加熱された前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物材料は、リチウムイオン電池に由来し、前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物材料の重量と比較して、2重量%〜8重量%の範囲のフッ素、および/または0.2重量%〜2重量%の範囲のリンを含有する、プロセス。 - 工程(a)における加熱温度が、350〜500℃の範囲であり、好ましくは35体積%以上の水素が、工程(a)に存在し、工程(a)における加熱温度が、350〜450℃の範囲である、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 工程(a)で使用される前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物材料が、ケーシング、配線、または回路を機械的に取り外して放電した後、リチウムイオン電池から得られ、前記材料が、本工程(a)に供される前に、酸化条件下で400℃以上の温度にさらされない、請求項1または2または3に記載のプロセス。
- 工程(e)が、
−工程(c)で得られた固体Ni濃縮物の製錬;
−工程(c)で得られた固体Ni濃縮物の、硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、メタンスルホン酸、シュウ酸、およびクエン酸、または前述のもののうちの少なくとも2つの組み合わせから選択される酸による処理;
−工程(c)で得られたNi濃縮物の(重)炭酸アンモニウムによる処理;
のうちの1つ以上、好ましくは上記の工程のうちの1つを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のプロセス。 - 工程(e)が、工程(c)で得られたNi濃縮物を、アンモニア、アミンの水溶液、アンモニア、炭酸アンモニウム、またはアンモニアと二酸化炭素の混合物などの塩基で処理することを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- Niおよび該当する場合はCo塩を含有する溶液をアンモニアまたはアルカリ金属水酸化物で処理して、2.5〜8の範囲のpH値を有する溶液を得る、請求項5および6のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- Niおよび該当する場合はCo塩を含有する溶液が、金属ニッケル、金属コバルト、もしくは金属マンガン、または前述のもののうちの少なくとも2つの任意の組み合わせで処理される、請求項5および6のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 工程(b)の前に、炭素または有機ポリマーが乾式固固分離法によって除去される、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 工程(d)において、リチウムが水酸化リチウムとして回収されることを含む、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 工程(d)において、リチウムが炭酸塩として沈殿によって回収されることを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 追加の工程(f)を含み、工程(f)は、ニッケルならびに、該当する場合は、コバルトおよび/またはマンガンを、(混合)水酸化物、オキシ水酸化物、または炭酸塩として、例えば、pH値を8を超える値に上げることによって沈殿させることを含み、工程(f)は、好ましくは、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、アンモニア、および水酸化カリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの薬剤の添加によって実施される、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 工程(a)が、蒸気の存在下で実施される、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 工程(a)が、石灰、石英、シリカ、またはケイ酸塩の存在下で実施される、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 工程(a)の前に追加の工程を含み、前記追加の工程が、使用済みリチウムイオン電池からの材料を水および/または有機溶媒と接触させ、続いて固液分離工程を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
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AU2019300253B2 (en) | 2024-09-19 |
TW202007004A (zh) | 2020-02-01 |
US20210324495A1 (en) | 2021-10-21 |
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