JP2021526090A - ハイブリッド繊維多軸プリプレグ - Google Patents
ハイブリッド繊維多軸プリプレグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2021526090A JP2021526090A JP2020563937A JP2020563937A JP2021526090A JP 2021526090 A JP2021526090 A JP 2021526090A JP 2020563937 A JP2020563937 A JP 2020563937A JP 2020563937 A JP2020563937 A JP 2020563937A JP 2021526090 A JP2021526090 A JP 2021526090A
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- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- ply
- fibers
- unidirectional
- polymer binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
- B29C70/462—Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
- B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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Abstract
Description
第2の一方向繊維プライに接着された第1の一方向繊維プライを含み、第1の一方向繊維プライは第1の繊維及び第1のポリマー結合剤材料を含み、第2の一方向繊維プライは第2の繊維及び第2のポリマー結合剤材料を含み、第1の繊維及び第2の繊維は異なる繊維タイプであり、
第1のポリマー結合剤材料及び第2のポリマー結合剤材料が、合わせて、複合材料の少なくとも30重量%を構成し、
複合材料が、少なくとも約80グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有し、
第2の繊維プライが、第1の繊維プライの繊維面密度の少なくとも3倍の繊維面密度を有し、
第1の繊維プライが、20グラム/m2以下の繊維面密度を有し、
第2の繊維プライが、少なくとも60グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有し、
多層中空管状物品を形成するために、ハイブリッド複合材料が、それ自体の上に重ね合わされ、それ自体に封着された、多層中空管状物品を提供する。
a)第1の繊維と第1のポリマー結合剤材料とを含む第1の一方向繊維プライを剥離基材上に形成することであって、第1の繊維プライが、20グラム/m2以下の繊維面密度を有する、形成することと、
b)第2の繊維と第2のポリマー結合剤材料とを含む第2の一方向繊維プライを提供することであって、第2の繊維プライが、少なくとも60グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有し、第1の繊維及び第2の繊維が異なる繊維タイプである、提供することと、
c)第1の一方向繊維プライを第2の一方向繊維プライ上に積層することと、
d)剥離基材を除去することであって、そうすることによって第1の一方向繊維プライが、第2の一方向繊維プライ上に留まり、かつ第2の一方向繊維プライに付着しており、それによって、多プライハイブリッド複合材料が形成され、第1のポリマー結合剤材料及び第2のポリマー結合剤材料が、合わせて、複合材料の少なくとも30重量%を構成し、複合材料が、少なくとも約80グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有する、除去することと、
e)中空中央開口部を残して、複合材料をそれ自体の周りに巻き付けることによって、複合材料を管状構造体に形成することと、
f)任意選択的に、管状構造体を熱及び/又は圧力にさらして、第1及び第2の一方向繊維プライを一体化させることと、を含む、プロセスも提供する。
一方向に配向された細長い本体の第2のプライに接着された、一方向に配向された細長い本体の第1のプライを含む多プライハイブリッド複合材料であって、第1のプライが第1の細長い本体及び第1のポリマー結合剤材料を含み、第2のプライが第2の細長い本体及び第2のポリマー結合剤材料を含み、第1の細長い本体及び第2の細長い本体は、異なる細長い本体タイプであり、
第1のポリマー結合剤材料及び第2のポリマー結合剤材料が、合わせて、複合材料の少なくとも30重量%を構成し、
複合材料が、少なくとも約80グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有し、
第1のプライが、20グラム/m2以下の繊維面密度を有し、
第2のプライが、少なくとも60グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有する、多プライハイブリッド複合材料を、更に提供する。
このプリプレグは、一方向に配向された炭素繊維(Toray Composite Materials America(Tacoma、WA)製東レT700繊維(12kフィラメントトウ))の単プライ布に積層された平織りEガラス織布を含んだ。各布は、少なくとも30%の樹脂含有量をもたらす、熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂フィルムがコーティングされた。炭素繊維ベースの単プライ布は、178.7g/m2の総面密度(TAD)に対して、120g/m2の繊維面密度(FAD)、及び32.8%(58.7g/m2の被覆重量)の樹脂含有量を有した。Eガラス織布(バランス平織り、スタイル106、50デニールEガラス繊維(102のフィラメント束数)、AGY Holding Corp.(Aiken、サウスカロライナ)製)は、53.5g/m2のTADに対して、26g/m2のFAD、及び51.4%(被覆重量27.5g/m2)の樹脂含有量を有した。次いで、炭素繊維単プライ布とEガラス織布とが、従来の積層条件によって、231.2g/m2のTADに対して、146g/m2の組み合わせFAD(combined FAD)及び37.3%の樹脂含有量を有する単体2プライハイブリッドプリプレグに一体化された。
このプリプレグは、一方向に配向された炭素繊維(東レT700繊維(12Kフィラメントトウ)の単プライ布に積層された、一方向に配向されたEガラス繊維の単プライ布を含んだ。炭素繊維ベースの単プライ布は、178.7g/m2のTADに対して、120g/m2のFAD及び32.8%の(58.7g/m2の被覆重量)を有した。Eガラス繊維ベースの単プライ(バランス平織り、スタイル106、50デニールEガラス繊維(102のフィラメント束数)、AGY Holding Corp.製)は、34.5g/m2のTADに対して、13g/m2のFAD及び62.3%(21.5g/m2の被覆重量)を有した。2つのプライを重ね合わせて、層の繊維が互いに対して直交して(すなわち90°に)配向されるように、層のうちの一方を回転することによって交差に重ね、次いで、従来の積層条件によって、217.7g/m2のTADに対して、133g/m2の組み合わせFAD及び37.7%の樹脂含有量を有する単体2プライハイブリッドプリプレグに一体化した。
完全不織0°/90°ハイブリッドプリプレグ2を形成するために、一方向ガラスフィラメント束(多フィラメント繊維、トウ)の第1の不織一方向(軸方向)ウェブが図6の工程1に示されるような、0°で平行に配置された複数の束から形成される。所望の数の巻かれた繊維のスプール/パッケージが、当該技術分野における従来の方法に従って、クリール上に取り付けられ、巻き出され、平行化されて、平行配列に広げられる。次に、剥離紙の一方の表面上にコーティングされたエポキシなどの接着樹脂のフィルムが、平行配列の表面に巻き出され、続いて、従来の積層条件下で圧力を用いてフィルムと繊維とを共に積層して、樹脂がコーティングされた繊維ウェブを形成し、次いで、この繊維ウェブが巻き上げられて、更なる処理のために移送される。図6の工程2に示されるように、次に、この巻き上げられたガラス繊維の0°のウェブが、複数の所望の長さの正方形に切断され、これらの複数の切断された正方形が、フィラメントを90°に配向した状態で、共に貼り合わされて90°のウェブを形成する。続いて、この90°のウェブが巻き上げられて、更なる処理のために移送される。次に、図6の工程3に示すように、90°のウェブが、工程1の0°のガラス繊維ウェブと同じ方法であるが、代わりに炭素繊維を用いて形成された別の繊維の配列と組み合わされ、炭素繊維の平行配列の表面上に巻き出される、剥離紙の一方の表面上にコーティングされた接着樹脂(エポキシなど)のフィルムとも組み合わされる。工程3に示すように、次いで、ガラス繊維の90°のウェブが、樹脂が2つのウェブ間の中間接着剤として位置付けられるように、0°の炭素繊維ウェブの樹脂コーティング表面上に巻き出される。次いで、組み合わされたウェブが、従来の積層条件下で圧力を用いてより強い積層されて、一体化された0°/90°ハイブリッドプリプレグウェブを形成し、その後、このプリプレグウェブが管に成形される。
ハイブリッドプリプレグ1及びハイブリッドプリプレグ2の各々から、それらを鋼マンドレルの周りに巻くことによって、いくつかの中空管試料が製造された。長さに沿って均一な直径を有する中空管を形成するために、プリプレグが、0.25インチ(6.35mm)の均一な内径を有する48インチ長のロッドの周りに個々に巻き付けられた。長さに沿って不均一でテーパ状の直径を有する中空管を形成するために、プリプレグが、一端に7.92mmの外径を有し、他端で0.76mmの外径まで徐々に縮小する、48”長の円錐形状の鋼棒マンドレルの周りに個々に巻き付けられた。図1に示すように、単一のプリプレグをこのマンドレルの周りに巻き付け、マンドレルの周りに合計4回転巻き付け、続いて、巻き付けたものを熱及び圧力下で一体化させた後にそれらをマンドレルから取り外して、プリプレグの厚さの4倍(4×)の厚さを有する管を製造した。これを各タイプのプリプレグについて数回繰り返して、以下に概説する試験試料を製造した。各プリプレグの繊維の配向が、巻き付け中維持され、マンドレル上にある間、一体化条件が、巻き付けの全長に沿って均一に保持された。4巻き後、管は0.5mmの厚さを有し、マンドレル棒が、120℃に保持されたオーブンに移送されて、プリプレグを硬化させた。プリプレグが完全に硬化したら管をマンドレルから外し、両端をトリミングして、圧潰強度及び曲げ強度を試験するために管長を所望の試料サイズまで小さくした。
つぶれ試験は、2つの平らな鋼プラテンの間に6.35cm長の管試料を配置し、そのうちの一方をAmetek,Inc.(Berwyn、Pennsylvania)製のChatillon TCD500引張試験機のロードセルに取り付けた。プラテンを共に押圧して管を圧縮し、管の破壊まで圧縮を継続した。管の破壊が、対応する管の荷重の低下を引き起こし、この破壊点が各試料について記録された。次いで、破壊までの最大荷重がキログラム単位で記録された。プリプレグタイプの各々の6つの中空管均一直径試料が、このつぶれ試験に供されて、つぶれ耐性(フープ強度)を測定し、平均破壊荷重を決定した。プリプレグ1及びプリプレグ2の試験試料は、同一タイプの試料間で、平均破壊荷重からの限られたばらつきを示し、プリプレグを作成するプロセス、管製造プロセス、及び試験方法が一貫していることを確認した。
7.9mmから0.762mmまで減少する直径を有する48インチ(122cm)長の中空テーパ状直径の管試料で曲げ試験が実施された。試料は、管の幅広の端部が固定具内に取り付けられ、次いで、管の幅広の管端部を幅狭の管端部より上にして垂直に保持された。次いで、(上記のつぶれ試験のように、同じChatillon TCD500引張試験機の)ロードセルが、幅狭の管端部の先端の固定点に取り付けられ、管が垂直に引き上げられ、それにより、管が上昇するにつれて幅狭の管端部の荷重を上昇させて、管が破壊するまで管を円弧状に屈曲させた。管の破壊が、対応する管の荷重の低下を引き起こし、この破壊点が各試料について記録された。曲げ試験は、各プリプレグタイプ及び各管タイプの4つの試料について実施された。各試験試料の平均破壊荷重を、キログラム単位で以下に示す。プリプレグ1及びプリプレグ2の試験試料は、平均値からの限られたばらつきを示し、プリプレグを作成するプロセス、管製造プロセス、及び試験方法が一貫していることを確認した。
単一の交差に重ねられた繊維ガラスの一方向プライと一体化された単一の炭素繊維ベースの一方向プライを有する、本開示の新しい軽量のプリプレグ2は、縦糸繊維及び横糸繊維の両方を有する織繊維ガラスプライと一体化された、同じ炭素繊維ベースの一方向プライとほぼ同じ圧潰強度及び曲げ強度を達成することができるが、織布と比較して、1組の繊維が効果的に除去されるので、より低い重量で達成し得る。この点に関して、この試験では、織繊維ガラスは、一方向繊維ガラスプライの2倍の面密度を有した。織布の横糸繊維がフープ強度を提供し、縦糸繊維はほとんど寄与しなかったことは明らかで、したがって、この新しい材料は、縦糸繊維を除去して、圧潰強度及び曲げ強度のいずれかにおいても性能損失のない、より低重量の材料を実現する。
Claims (10)
- 多プライハイブリッド複合材料から形成された多層中空管状物品であって、前記ハイブリッド複合材料は、
第2の一方向繊維プライに接着された第1の一方向繊維プライを含み、前記第1の一方向繊維プライは第1の繊維及び第1のポリマー結合剤材料を含み、前記第1の繊維及び第2の繊維は異なる繊維タイプであり、前記第2の一方向繊維プライは第2の繊維及び第2のポリマー結合剤材料を含み、
前記第1のポリマー結合剤材料及び前記第2のポリマー結合剤材料が、合わせて、前記複合材料の少なくとも30重量%を構成し、
前記複合材料が、少なくとも約80グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有し、
前記第2の繊維プライが、前記第1の繊維プライの前記繊維面密度の少なくとも3倍の繊維面密度を有し、
前記第1の繊維プライが、20グラム/m2以下の繊維面密度を有し、
前記第2の繊維プライが、少なくとも60グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有し、
多層中空管状物品を形成するために、前記ハイブリッド複合材料が、それ自体の上に重ね合わされ、それ自体に封着されている、多層中空管状物品。 - 前記第1の一方向繊維プライが、100g/m2未満の総面密度を有し、前記第2の一方向繊維プライが、少なくとも約100g/m2の総面密度を有し、前記第2の一方向繊維プライの前記総面密度が、前記第1の一方向繊維プライ及び前記第2の一方向繊維プライの合わせた総面密度の50%よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の管状物品。
- 前記第1の一方向繊維プライが、10グラム/m2未満の繊維面密度15グラム/m2未満の総面密度を有する、請求項1に記載の管状物品。
- 前記第2の一方向繊維プライが、炭素繊維を含む、請求項1に記載の管状物品。
- 前記第1の一方向繊維プライが、ポリエチレン繊維を含む、請求項4に記載の管状物品。
- 前記第1の一方向繊維プライが、ガラス繊維を含む、請求項4に記載の管状物品。
- 前記第2の繊維プライが、前記第1の繊維プライの前記繊維面密度の少なくとも4倍の繊維面密度を有する、請求項1に記載の管状物品。
- 多プライハイブリッド複合材料を含む多層中空管状物品を形成するためのプロセスであって、前記プロセスが、
a)第1の繊維と第1のポリマー結合剤材料とを含む第1の一方向繊維プライを剥離基材上に形成することであって、前記第1の繊維プライが、20グラム/m2以下の繊維面密度を有する、形成することと、
b)第2の繊維と第2のポリマー結合剤材料とを含む第2の一方向繊維プライを提供することであって、前記第2の繊維プライが、少なくとも60グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有し、前記第1の繊維及び前記第2の繊維が異なる繊維タイプである、提供することと、
c)前記第1の一方向繊維プライを前記第2の一方向繊維プライ上に積層することと、
d)前記剥離基材を除去することであって、そうすることによって前記第1の一方向繊維プライが、前記第2の一方向繊維プライ上に留まり、かつ前記第2の一方向繊維プライに付着しており、それによって、多プライハイブリッド複合材料が形成され、前記第1のポリマー結合剤材料及び前記第2のポリマー結合剤材料が、合わせて、前記複合材料の少なくとも30重量%を構成し、前記複合材料が、少なくとも約80グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有する、除去することと、
e)中空中央開口部を残して、前記複合材料をそれ自体の周りに巻き付けることによって、前記複合材料を管状構造体に形成することと、
f)任意選択的に、前記管状構造体を熱及び/又は圧力にさらして、前記第1及び第2の一方向繊維プライを一体化させることと、を含む、プロセス。 - 工程e)が、前記複合材料をマンドレルの周りに巻き付けることによって行われ、工程f)が行われる、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 一方向に配向された細長い本体の第2のプライに接着された、一方向に配向された細長い本体の第1のプライを含み、
前記第1のプライが第1の細長い本体及び第1のポリマー結合剤材料を含み、前記第2のプライが第2の細長い本体及び第2のポリマー結合剤材料を含み、前記第1の細長い本体及び前記第2の細長い本体が、異なる細長い本体タイプであり、
前記第1のポリマー結合剤材料及び前記第2のポリマー結合剤材料が、合わせて、前記複合材料の少なくとも30重量%を構成し、
前記複合材料が、少なくとも約80グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有し、
前記第1のプライが、20グラム/m2以下の繊維面密度を有し、
前記第2のプライが、少なくとも60グラム/m2の繊維面密度を有する、多プライハイブリッド複合材料。
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CN112074562A (zh) | 2020-12-11 |
US11440287B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 |
JP7360398B2 (ja) | 2023-10-12 |
WO2020068187A3 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
CN112074562B (zh) | 2023-06-02 |
KR20210006921A (ko) | 2021-01-19 |
EP3802676A4 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
EP3802676A2 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
WO2020068187A2 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
US20190375185A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
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