JP2021511318A - 組換えレプリコン系を使用する免疫応答の誘導および増強 - Google Patents
組換えレプリコン系を使用する免疫応答の誘導および増強 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国特許法第119条(e)の下に、2018年1月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/619,540号の優先権を主張し、その全内容は、参照によってその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
添付の配列表の物質は、これにより参照によって本出願に組み込まれる。添付の配列表テキストファイル、名称SGI22301WO Sequence Listing.txtは、2019年1月16日に作成され、3kbである。このファイルは、Windows OSを使用するコンピューター上でMicrosoft Wordを使用してアクセスすることができる。
本開示は、一般に、免疫応答、例えば予防的ワクチン接種および/または治療的投与後の免疫応答を増強するための異なる自己増幅mRNA分子の使用に関する。本開示のいくつかの実施形態は、予防的および/または治療的に使用することができる異種プライム・ブースト免疫レジメンを使用して、対象における免疫応答を誘導するための組成物および方法に関する。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書で開示した組成物および方法は、対象における目的の分子、例えば治療用ポリペプチドを産生するために展開することができる。
単数形の「a」、「an」、および「the」は、文脈上明確に他のことを示さない限り、複数の言及を含む。例えば、用語の「細胞」とは、1つまたは複数の細胞を含み、それらの混合物を含む。「Aおよび/またはB」は、本明細書では、以下の選択肢:「A」、「B」、「AまたはB」、ならびに「AおよびB」のすべてを含むように使用される。
治療または疾患予防のための多回投与免疫接種は、単回投与免疫接種よりもより効果的であることが多いことが報告されている。ワクチン接種後の多数の抗原特異的メモリーCD8 T細胞の生成は、その数が宿主の免疫化および保護と強く相関しているので、様々な動物およびヒトの疾患に対するワクチン設計に対する望ましいゴールであると一般に考えられている。これらの多数の細胞を生成するアプローチの1つは、プライム・ブースト免疫のプロセスを使用することであり、これは一次メモリー形成後の抗原特異的免疫細胞の再刺激に依存する。そのようなプロセスにおいては、最初に対象に投与される「プライミング」組成物と、その後に1回または複数回投与される「ブースティング」組成物がある。いかなる特定の理論によって縛られるものではないが、ワクチンによる免疫応答のブースティングによって、感染時の病原体に対する保護の媒介に必要なエフェクター細胞がより多く生成されると広く考えられている。
アルファウイルス(Alphavirus)は、少なくとも30のメンバーを含み、それぞれがウイルスのスパイクタンパク質を含有するエンベロープによって囲まれたヌクレオキャプシド中に封入された正極性の一本鎖RNAゲノムを有する、IV群トガウイルス(Togaviridae)科の遺伝的、構造的、および血清学的に関連するウイルスの属である。現在、アルファウイルス(alphavirus)属は、特に、シンドビスウイルス(Sindbis virus、SIN)、セムリキフォレストウイルス(Semliki Forest virus、SFV)、ロスリバーウイルス(Ross River virus、RRV)、ベネズエラウマ脳炎ウイルス(Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus、VEEV)、および東部ウマ脳炎ウイルス(Eastern equine encephalitis virus、EEEV)を含み、これらはすべて密接に関連しており、様々な脊椎動物、例えば、哺乳動物、げっ歯動物、魚類、鳥類の種、大型哺乳動物、例えば、ヒトおよびウマ、ならびに無脊椎動物、例えば、甲殻類および昆虫などに感染することができる。種と個体の間の伝播は主として蚊を媒介して生じ、アルファウイルス(alphaviruse)をアルボウイルス(Arboviruses)−または節足動物媒介ウイルス(Arthropod-Borne Viruse)の集団への寄与体にする。例えば、シンドビスウイルス(Sindbis viruse)とセムリキフォレストウイルス(Semliki Forest viruse)は広く研究されており、これらのウイルスの生活環、複製の様式などは十分に特徴づけられている。例えば、アルファウイルス(alphaviruse)は動物細胞において非常に効率的に複製することが示されており、このことにより、そのような細胞のタンパク質および核酸を産生するためのベクターとしてそれらは貴重とされている。
本明細書で開示したいくつかの実施形態では、第1および第2のRNAレプリコンのうちの少なくとも1つは、ウイルスキャプシドエンハンサーの構造エレメント中に1つまたは複数のRNAステムループを含む改変アルファウイルス(alphavirus)レプリコンである。
アルテリウイルス(アルテリウイルス科(Family Arteriviridae)、アルテリウイルス属(Genus Arterivirus))は、家畜および野生動物を感染させる、エンベロープのある一本鎖のプラスセンスRNAウイルスの重要な群を包含する。アルテリウイルスは、コロナウイルス(Coronaviridae)科(コロナウイルス(Coronavirus)およびトロウイルス(Torovirus)属)のメンバーと同様のゲノム構成および複製方略を共有するが、ウイルス粒子(例えばビリオン)の遺伝的複雑性、ゲノム長、生物物理学的特性、サイズ、構築物、および構造タンパク質組成は顕著に異なる。現在、アルテリウイルス(Arterivirus)属は、ウマ動脈炎ウイルス(equine arteritis virus、EAV)、ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群ウイルス(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus、PRRSV)、マウスの乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ上昇ウイルス(lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus 、LDV)、サル出血熱ウイルス(simian hemorrhagic fever virus、SHFV)、およびウォブリィポッサム病ウイルス(wobbly possum disease virus、WPDV)を含むと考えられる。最近の研究では、新たに同定されたウォブリィポッサム病ウイルス(wobbly possum disease virus、WPDV)もまたアルテリウイルス(Arterivirus)属に属することが報告されている。
本明細書で開示したいくつかの実施形態は、第1の抗原をコードする第1のRNAレプリコンを含むプライミング組成物;および第2の抗原をコードする第2のRNAレプリコンを含むブースティング組成物を含む組成物であって、第1および第2のRNAレプリコンが互いに異なる、組成物に関する。いくつかの実施形態では、第1および第2の抗原のアミノ酸配列は、互いに相同である。いくつかの実施形態では、第1および第2の抗原は、互いに同一である。いくつかの実施形態では、第1および第2の抗原は、少なくとも1つの交差反応性抗原決定基を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は、対象において免疫応答を誘導するためのものである。いくつかの実施形態では、第1および第2の抗原は、対象において実質的に同じ免疫応答を誘導する。組成物は、例えば、薬学的に許容される担体またはそれらの混合物を含む予防的組成物または医薬組成物であり得る。いくつかの実施形態において、本出願の組成物は、ワクチンとして使用することができる。
本開示の組成物および方法を使用して目的の分子、例えば、本明細書に記載の目的の遺伝子(GOI)のオープンリーディングフレームにコードされているポリペプチドを産生(例えば発現)することができる。したがって、本出願は、目的の分子、例えばポリペプチドを産生するための組成物および方法をさらに提供する。これに関するさらなる情報は、例えば、米国特許出願第15/486131号;同第15/723658号、同第15/831,230号で確認することができる。
異なるRNAレプリコンを使用した異種プライム・ブースト後の免疫応答の増加
この実施例は、免疫学的に別個の機序を介して対象の免疫系を活性化するRNAレプリコンで実施された異種プライム・ブースト免疫後の免疫応答の誘導を説明する実験を要約する。上記のように、異種プライム・ブースト免疫は、(1)抗ベクター免疫の回避、および(2)免疫応答の差次的および相乗的活性化を介して、増強された免疫応答を生成すると考えられる。異種プライム・ブーストスケジュールは、送達用の個別のプラットフォームを使用して有効性を実証しているが、このアプローチはレプリコンの合理的な操作を介して利用することができなかった。現在まで、免疫系を差次的に関与させるレプリコンは、T細胞応答またはB細胞応答のいずれの改善のためにも、使用されていない。さらに、治療用タンパク質をコードするレプリコンに対する抗ベクター応答を回避するための2つの別個のシステムの使用は、タンパク質発現の規模または持続性を増強する方法として以前は不可能であった。
Claims (33)
- 対象における免疫応答を誘導する方法であって、
第1の抗原をコードする第1のRNAレプリコンを含むプライミング組成物の少なくとも一用量を前記対象に投与することと;
その後、第2の抗原をコードする第2のRNAレプリコンを含む少なくとも一用量のブースティング組成物を前記対象に投与することと
を含み、前記第1のRNAレプリコンと第2のRNAレプリコンが互いに異なる、前記方法。 - 前記第1および第2の抗原が少なくとも1つの交差反応性抗原決定基を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のRNAレプリコンが、前記第2のRNAレプリコンが免疫系を活性化する免疫学的機序とは異なる少なくとも1つの免疫学的機序を介して前記対象の免疫系を活性化する、請求項1〜2のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2のRNAレプリコンのうちの少なくとも1つがプラス鎖RNAウイルスに由来する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2のRNAレプリコンのうちの少なくとも1つがトガウイルス(Togaviridae)科、フラビウイルス(Flaviviridae)科、オルトミクソウイルス(Orthomyxoviridae)科、ラブドウイルス(Rhabdoviridae)科、アルテロウイルス(Arteroviridae)科、ピコルナウイルス(Picornaviridae)科、アストロウイルス(Astroviridae)科、コロナウイルス(Coronaviridae)科、およびパラミクソウイルス(Paramyxoviridae)科からなる群から選択される科に属するウイルス種に由来する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のRNAレプリコンが非アルファウイルス(non-alphavirus)に由来し、前記第2のRNAレプリコンがアルファウイルス(alphavirus)種に由来する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のRNAレプリコンがアルテリウイルス(Arterivirus)に由来する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のRNAレプリコンが、東部ウマ脳炎ウイルス(Eastern equine encephalitis virus、EEEV)、ベネズエラウマ脳炎ウイルス(Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus、VEEV)、エバーグレーズウイルス(Everglades virus、EVEV)、ムカンボウイルス(Mucambo virus、MUCV)、セムリキフォレストウイルス(Semliki forest virus、SFV)、ピクスナウイルス(Pixuna virus、PIXV)、ミドレブルクウイルス(Middleburg virus、MIDV)、チクングニヤウイルス(Chikungunya virus、CHIKV)、オニョンニョンウイルス(O'Nyong-Nyong virus、ONNV)、ロスリバーウイルス(Ross River virus、RRV)、バーマフォレストウイルス(Barmah Forest virus、BF)、ゲタウイルス(Getah virus、GET)、サギヤマウイルス(Sagiyama virus、SAGV)、ベバルウイルス(Bebaru virus、BEBV)、マヤロウイルス(Mayaro virus、MAYV)、ウナウイルス(Una virus、UNAV)、シンドビスウイルス(Sindbis virus、SINV)、アウラウイルス(Aura virus、AURAV)、ワタロアウイルス(Whataroa virus、WHAV)、ババンキウイルス(Babanki virus、BABV)、キジラガチウイルス(Kyzylagach virus、KYZV)、西部ウマ脳炎ウイルス(Western equine encephalitis virus、WEEV)、ハイランドJウイルス(Highland J virus、HJV)、フォートモーガンウイルス(Fort Morgan virus、FMV)、ヌドゥムウイルス(Ndumu virus、NDUV)、サケ科アルファウイルス(Salmonid alphavirus、SAV)、およびバギークリークウイルス(Buggy Creek virus、BCRV)からなる群から選択されるアルファウイルス(alphavirus)種に由来する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のRNAレプリコンが、ウマ動脈炎ウイルス(equine arteritis virus、EAV)、ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群ウイルス(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus、PRRSV)、マウスの乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ上昇ウイルス(lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus 、LDV)、サル出血熱ウイルス(simian hemorrhagic fever virus、SHFV)、およびウォブリィポッサム病ウイルス(wobbly possum disease virus、WPDV)からなる群から選択されるアルテリウイルス(Arterivirus)種に由来する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2のRNAレプリコンのうちの少なくとも1つが、1、2、4位、またはそれらの組合せに1つまたは複数のヌクレオチド置換を有する改変5’−UTRを含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数のヌクレオチド置換のうちの少なくとも1つが前記改変5’−UTRの2位でのヌクレオチド置換である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記改変5’−UTRの2位の前記ヌクレオチド置換がU→G置換である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2のRNAレプリコンのうちの少なくとも1つが改変5’−UTRを含む改変RNAレプリコンであり、1つまたは複数のウイルス構造タンパク質をコードする核酸配列の少なくとも一部を欠いている、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2のRNAレプリコンのうちの少なくとも1つが、ウイルスキャプシドエンハンサーまたはそのバリアントの構造エレメント中に1つまたは複数のRNAステムループを含む改変アルファウイルス(alphavirus)レプリコンである、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2のRNAレプリコンのうちの少なくとも1つが異種非構造タンパク質nsP3のコード配列を含む改変アルファウイルス(alphavirus)レプリコンである、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記異種非構造タンパク質nsP3がチクングニヤウイルス(Chikungunya virus、CHIKV)nsP3、シンドビスウイルス(Sindbis virus、SINV)nsP3、またはそれらのバリアントである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の抗原のうちの少なくとも1つが26Sサブゲノムプロモーターまたはそのバリアントのコントロール下で発現される、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記26SサブゲノムプロモーターがSINV 26Sサブゲノムプロモーター、RRV 26Sサブゲノムプロモーター、またはそれらのバリアントである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のRNAレプリコンがアルテリウイルス(arterivirus)種に由来し、前記第2のRNAレプリコンが非アルテリウイルス(non-arterivirus)種に由来する、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アルテリウイルス(arterivirus)種が、ウマ動脈炎ウイルス(equine arteritis virus、EAV)、ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群ウイルス(porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus、PRRSV)、乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ上昇ウイルス(lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus 、LDV)、およびサル出血熱ウイルス(simian hemorrhagic fever virus、SHFV)からなる群から選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のRNAレプリコンがアルファウイルス(alphavirus)に由来する、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のRNAレプリコンがEAVに由来し、前記第2のRNAレプリコンがアルファウイルス(alphavirus)に由来する、請求項1〜21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アルファウイルス(alphavirus)がVEEVに由来する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のRNAレプリコンおよび前記第2のRNAレプリコンが、それぞれ、目的の遺伝子をコードする配列を含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記目的の遺伝子が前記対象に対する抗原決定基であるポリペプチドをコードする、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記ブースティング組成物の2回以上の用量を前記対象に投与することを含む、請求項1〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 1つまたは複数の前記プライミング組成物およびブースティング組成物が薬学的に許容される担体を含む、請求項1〜26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が鳥類種、甲殻類種、または魚類種である、請求項1〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が哺乳動物である、請求項1〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が水生動物または鳥類種である、請求項1〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 2つのRNAレプリコンを対象に送達する方法であって、
第1の抗原をコードする第1のRNAレプリコンをコードする第1の核酸配列を前記対象に投与することと;
その後、第2の抗原をコードする第2のRNAレプリコンをコードする第2の核酸配列を前記対象に投与することと
を含み、前記第1および第2のRNAレプリコンが互いに異なる、前記方法。 - 第1の抗原をコードする第1のRNAレプリコンを含むプライミング組成物と;
第2の抗原をコードする第2のRNAレプリコンを含むブースティング組成物と
を含む組成物であって、前記第1および第2のRNAレプリコンが互いに異なる、前記組成物。 - 第1の抗原をコードする第1のRNAレプリコンをコードする第1の核酸配列と;
第2の抗原をコードする第2のRNAレプリコンをコードする第2の核酸配列と
を含む組成物であって、前記第1および第2のRNAレプリコンが互いに異なり、
前記第1のレプリコンおよび/または前記第2のレプリコンが、目的の分子のコード配列に作動可能に連結されているプロモーターを含む少なくとも1つの発現カセットを含む、前記組成物。
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