JP2021510378A - 代謝を調節するための方法 - Google Patents
代謝を調節するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021510378A JP2021510378A JP2020538975A JP2020538975A JP2021510378A JP 2021510378 A JP2021510378 A JP 2021510378A JP 2020538975 A JP2020538975 A JP 2020538975A JP 2020538975 A JP2020538975 A JP 2020538975A JP 2021510378 A JP2021510378 A JP 2021510378A
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- tyramine
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- hnf4α
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Abstract
Description
R1は、存在する又は存在せず、存在するとき、1つ又は複数の環原子の置換基であり、各環原子について独立して、ヒドロキシ基、ハロ基、置換若しくは非置換の低級アルキル基、又は置換若しくは非置換の低級アルコキシ基であり;
破線の結合は、存在する又は存在しない)。
を有する。
本発明は、1つ又は複数の酸性のヒドロキシル基が芳香族アレーン類に付着した、植物由来の芳香族代謝産物、及び代謝の調節におけるこれらの使用を提供する。一実施形態では、植物由来の芳香族代謝産物は、化合物1の構造類似体である。
R1は、存在する又は存在せず、存在するとき、1つ又は複数の環原子(例えば、2、3、及び/又は4位)の置換基であり、各環原子について独立して、ヒドロキシ基、ハロ基、置換若しくは非置換の低級アルキル基、又は置換若しくは非置換の低級アルコキシ基であり;
破線の結合は、存在する又は存在しない)。
R2は、存在する又は存在せず、存在するとき、ヒドロキシ又はメトキシ基であり;
R3は、存在する又は存在せず、存在するとき、ヒドロキシ基であり;
R4は、存在する又は存在せず、存在するとき、ヒドロキシ又はメトキシ基である)
を有する。
本発明の化合物は、式Iの化合物を持つことが周知である任意の好適な植物種及び/又は植物の原材料から得ることができる。好ましくは、化合物は、化合物を含む抽出物又は実質的に純粋な化合物として提供される。
化合物及び/又は抽出物の生物活性は、公知の生物学的インビトロアッセイ、インビボアッセイ及び以下でより詳細を記載する動物モデルの1つ又は複数を使用して決定することができる。これらのアッセイの各々は、限定されないが、肥満、T2DM、心疾患、卒中、脂肪肝疾患(NAFLD)及び非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)を含む代謝障害に関連付けられる細胞評価項目に対する有益効果を提供する、本発明の化合物の活性の尺度を提供する。
本発明の化合物を含む実質的に純粋な化合物又は抽出物は、担体と合わせ、対象による消費又は対象への投与のための任意の好適な形態で提供することができる。この観点において、化合物又は抽出物は、外因性成分又は添加物として消耗品に添加される。好適な消費可能な形態には、限定されないが、栄養補助食品、食品成分若しくは添加物、医療食、栄養補強食品又は薬学的組成物が挙げられる。
HNF4α(肝細胞核因子4α)は、包括的な核転写因子であり、安定した代謝(恒常性)の維持に関与する多数の遺伝子の発現を制御する。とりわけ、HNF4αは、肝臓(肝細胞)及び膵臓(β細胞)の両方において発現する。HNF4αの発現及び転写活性は、NAFLD及びT2DMにおいて、ヒト肝細胞及びヒト膵β細胞において低減する。HNF4αは、糖尿病の常染色体優性単一遺伝子形態であり、糖尿病の病態形成における直接的な役割についてのヒトの遺伝学的証拠を提供するMODY1において変異する。HNF4α遺伝子発現は、T2Dにおいて下方制御される。加えて、遊離脂肪酸は、体重超過及び肥満の個体において上昇し、HNF4α活性を阻害する。HNF4αハプロ不全は糖尿病を引き起こし、HNF4αはT2Dにおいて下方制御されるという事実の観点から、HNF4α活性の通常の野生型状態への回復又は増大は、健康全般及び治療的利益をもたらすであろう。
「代謝障害」という用語は、身体が適切に炭水化物、脂質、タンパク質、及び/又は核酸を代謝することができないときに発生する障害又は状態を指す。したがって、本発明の文脈において、代謝の異常に関する障害は、「代謝障害」という用語を包含する。代謝障害という用語には、限定されないが、インスリン抵抗性、高血糖症、糖尿病(特にT2DM)、肥満、グルコース不耐性、高コレステロール血症、高リポタンパク血症、異常脂血症、高インスリン血症、動脈硬化性疾患、冠動脈疾患、メタボリックシンドローム、高血圧、又は異常な血漿リポタンパク質、トリグリセリドに関連する関連障害又は膵ベータ細胞再生等のグルコースレベルに関する障害が挙げられる。
本発明はまた、代謝を調節して代謝障害を緩和、予防又は処置するための方法を提供する。このような方法に従うと、有効量の本発明の化合物又は抽出物は、対象の代謝を調節し、それにより1つ又は複数の代謝障害の根本的な病態形成に対処し、対象の健康、ウェルビーイング、及び生活の質を促進するために、処置を必要とする対象に投与される。本明細書において使用される場合、「対象」という用語は、動物、好ましくは哺乳類を指す。一部の実施形態では、対象は、荷物運搬用の動物、コンパニオンアニマル、家畜、実験動物、又は動物学的な動物である。他の実施形態では、対象はヒトである。
インスリン及びHNF4αの発現。RNAをRNEASY(登録商標)クロマトグラフ分離及び単離キット(Qiagen社)を使用して精製し、qScript(商標)cDNA SuperMix(Quanta Biosciences社)を使用してcDNAに変換した。RNA 2μgに対応するcDNAを用いて、Opticonリアルタイムシステム(MJ Research社)及びQPCR SuperMix(BioPioneer社)を使用して、Q-PCRを実行した。すべてのmRNA値が18S rRNA値に対して正規化され、ビヒクル処置対照を超える倍率変化として示されることを理解されたい。
HNF4αのヒトにおける健康な代謝を維持する役割を考慮して、試験化合物を、HNF4αアゴニストとしての活性(直接又は間接的効果のいずれか)についてスクリーニングした。周知のインスリンプロモーターレポーターアッセイを使用して、Kiselyuk及び同業者ら(2010年. J. Biomol. Screen 15巻(6号):663〜70頁)は、化合物のライブラリーを、インスリン活性化を促進する活性についてスクリーニングした。彼らは、インスリン活性化因子として化合物1を特定し(Kiselyukら(2012年)Chem. Biol. 19巻(7号):806〜18頁)、化合物は、その後、オルニチントランスカルバモイラーゼ(OTC)プロモーターアッセイにおいて、HNF4αアゴニスト活性を有することが示された。OTCプロモーターは、一過性トランスフェクションアッセイにおいてHNF4αに反応することが周知である(Inoueら(2002年)J. Biol. Chem. 277巻:25257〜65頁)。
本発明の化合物のインビトロの有効性を実証することに加えて、実験をインビボでヒト疾患の動物モデル、すなわち食事誘導性肥満マウスにおいて実施した。実験を実施して、給餌及び処置計画、投薬及び投与計画を確立し、並びにN-trans-カフェオイルチラミンのグルコース及び脂質恒常性、脂肪肝、β細胞機能及び肝細胞機能に対する有益効果の証拠を提示した。12匹のマウス(10週齢)に高脂肪食を4週間与え、肥満を誘導した。4週間後、及び高脂肪食である間、6匹のマウスに、5% DMSO又は120mg/kg N-trans-カフェオイルチラミンを、1日2回、腹腔内に、14日間投与した。DMSO又はN-trans-カフェオイルチラミンの最後の腹腔内注入の1時間後、動物を屠殺し、血液及び器官(肝臓、腎臓、腸及び膵臓)試料を収集した。器官試料を、組織学的、RNA、トリグリセリド及びタンパク質分析に供した。とりわけ、本試験におけるマウスは、検査された用量のいずれにおいても、いかなる毒性作用も示さなかった。処置を受けたマウスは、対照群と一貫した、活性、注意力、毛づくろい及び食欲のレベルを示した。処置されたマウスのうち、対照群と比較して、体重減少、疾病又は異常行動を示したものはいなかった。
本発明の化合物の利益とリスクを比較考量する必要を考慮して、実験動物(例えば、マウス、ラット、イヌ)におけるインビボの毒性試験が典型的に実施される。このような試験は、規制の目的で信頼性及び再現性を保証するために、Good Laboratory Practice(GLP)規則に従って、典型的に実施される。化合物をヒトにおいて数週間から数ヶ月間から数年間の期間投与する場合、典型的に慢性毒性試験(6ヶ月から1年の期間の試験)が実施される。食品中に使用される化合物については、経口毒性試験が推奨される。
エタノール抽出物を、種々の植物種及びそれらの植物組織から調製した。個別の化合物を、抽出物中、乾燥植物粉末材料を95%水性エタノールを用いて抽出することにより特定した。エタノール抽出物を濃縮し、セライト上に吸着させ、C18固相抽出カラム上に乾式充填した(dry-loaded)。抽出物を2カラム体積の水で洗浄し、水を収集し廃棄することにより脱塩した。化合物を2カラム体積のメタノールに溶出し、抽出物を濃縮して乾燥させた。分析の前に、抽出物を、1:1アセトニトリル:水中に再懸濁した。分析の前に、周知の濃度の合成標準を使用し、較正曲線を作成した。分析に使用した供給源の一覧を、以下のTable 5(表5)中に表す。植物を、各化合物について降順に、最も高い量の化合物を生産する植物を一覧の最も上に、最も低い生産体を一覧の最も下に、表示する。
食事誘導性肥満マウスモデルのように、NAFLDにおける化合物の利益を調査するための他の十分に確立された動物モデルがある。
試験の目的は、T2DM及びNASHを患う対象において、プラセボと比較して、例示的化合物又は抽出物が肝臓の健康及び肝脂肪量を改善することができるかどうか評価することとする。試験には、血清アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(ALT)レベルの評価、及びMRI誘導性プロトン密度脂肪率(MRI-PDFF)により測定するとき、試験化合物又は抽出物処置が、肝脂肪量を減少させることにおいてプラセボ処置よりも有効であるかどうかを決定することも含まれる。血清ALTレベル及び肝脂肪量の、化合物又は抽出物処置とプラセボ処置との比較が、NASH及びT2DMを有する成体対象において、24週(又は最後のベースライン後の観察)に実行される。
試験を実施例7の方法に従って実行するが、対象の組み入れ基準に、対象が、T2DMの代わりに≧30のBMIを有すると定義される肥満であるという要件を含むことのみが異なる。
この試験の目的は、24週間の処置後に核磁気共鳴画像法由来プロトン密度脂肪率(magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction(MRI-PDFF))を評価することにより、T2DM及びNAFLDの両方を患う対象において、プラセボと比較して、試験化合物又は抽出物が、肝脂肪量及び肝臓の健康を改善することができるかどうかを決定することである。
Claims (7)
- 前記抽出物が、ネギ属、セイヨウワサビ(Almoracia)属、アカザ属、ソバ属、バンレイシ属、コショウ属、スズメガヤ属、トウモロコシ属、アサ属、イポメア属、トウガラシ属、クコ属、ナス属、又はハマビシ属のメンバーのエタノール抽出物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、栄養補助食品、食品成分若しくは添加物、医療食、栄養補強食品又は薬学的組成物として製剤化されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有効量の組成物が、HNF4α活性、インスリン様成長因子レベル、血糖レベル、インスリンレベル、HbA1Cレベル、Cペプチドレベル、トリグリセリドレベル、遊離脂肪酸レベル、血中尿酸レベル、微量アルブミン尿レベル、グルコース輸送体発現、アディポネクチンレベル、総血清コレステロールレベル、高密度リポタンパク質レベル、低密度リポタンパク質レベル又はそれらの組合せを改善する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、代謝障害を有する又はそれを発症するリスクがある、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記代謝障害が、インスリン抵抗性、高血糖症、II型糖尿病、肥満、グルコース不耐性、高コレステロール血症、高リポタンパク血症、異常脂血症、高インスリン血症、動脈硬化性疾患、冠動脈疾患、メタボリックシンドローム、又は高血圧を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
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AU2019207737A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 |
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