JP2021165434A - リチウム電極 - Google Patents
リチウム電極 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2021165434A JP2021165434A JP2021096130A JP2021096130A JP2021165434A JP 2021165434 A JP2021165434 A JP 2021165434A JP 2021096130 A JP2021096130 A JP 2021096130A JP 2021096130 A JP2021096130 A JP 2021096130A JP 2021165434 A JP2021165434 A JP 2021165434A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- mesh
- particles
- spherical
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 355
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- -1 polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical group NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODWNBAWYDSWOAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yloxybenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ODWNBAWYDSWOAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBLVJIXAKLJYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diazenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN=N ZBLVJIXAKLJYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUAWRLXHCUAWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iminiopropionate Chemical compound CC(=[NH2+])C([O-])=O DUAWRLXHCUAWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004440 Isodecyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006177 alkyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005227 alkyl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005211 alkyl trimethyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBMNPDGCXLRKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N carboxy 2-aminoacetate Chemical compound NCC(=O)OC(O)=O QBMNPDGCXLRKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920013746 hydrophilic polyethylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HLERILKGMXJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N norvaline betaine Chemical compound CCCC(C([O-])=O)[N+](C)(C)C HLERILKGMXJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Chemical group CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068965 polysorbates Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/32—Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
- H01M4/745—Expanded metal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
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Abstract
【解決手段】ニッケルワイヤの電気伝導性ニッケルメッシュ又はウェブを含む格子状ニッケルエキスパンドメタルと、前記ニッケルメッシュの前記ワイヤのみ又は前記ニッケルエキスパンドメタルの前記ウェブのみに設けられた相互接着性の球形ナノポーラスニッケル粒子で、前記ナノポーラスニッケル粒子が100〜500nmの細孔開口部を有する多孔質構造体であるニッケル層とを備え、前記ニッケルメッシュ又は前記ニッケルエキスパンドメタルが開口しているニッケル電極を提供する。
【選択図】なし
Description
a)球形水酸化ニッケル粒子を準備する工程と、
b)部分的に還元された球形Ni/NiO粒子を得るために、上記球形水酸化ニッケル粒子を還元雰囲気中、270〜330℃の温度で部分的に還元する工程と、
c)得られたNi/NiO粒子、有機結合剤及び/又は無機結合剤、界面活性剤、並びに任意に、付加的な補助剤からペーストを製造する工程と、
d)上記ペーストをコーティングとして、上記電気伝導性ニッケルメッシュ又はニッケルエキスパンドメタルに塗工する工程と、
e)コーティングされた上記ニッケルメッシュ又はニッケルエキスパンドメタルを、還元雰囲気中、500〜800℃の温度でアニーリングする工程と
を備える方法によって得られるニッケル電極に関する。
a)球形水酸化ニッケル粒子を準備する工程と、
b)部分的に還元された球形Ni/NiO粒子を得るために、上記球形水酸化ニッケル粒子を還元雰囲気中、270〜330℃の温度で部分的に還元する工程と、
c)得られたNi/NiO粒子、有機結合剤及び/又は無機結合剤、界面活性剤、並びに任意に、付加的な補助剤からペーストを製造する工程と、
d)上記ペーストをコーティングとして、上記電気伝導性ニッケルメッシュ又はニッケルエキスパンドメタルに塗工する工程と、
e)コーティングされた上記ニッケルメッシュ又はニッケルエキスパンドメタルを、還元雰囲気中、500〜800℃の温度でアニーリングする工程と
を備える方法にも関する。
アルキルカルボン酸塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、第二級アルキルスルホン酸塩、脂肪アルコールスルフェート、アルキルエーテルスルフェート、タウリン塩及びタウリンエステル(Tauride)、オレフィン/パラフィンスルホン酸塩、スルホスクシネート、並びにリン酸又はホスホン酸のエステル及びその塩等のアニオン性界面活性剤、
物質種類アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム、ジアルキルジメチルアンモニウム、アルキルベンジル、及びエトキシル化アルキルアンモニウムの塩化物並びに臭化物由来の第四級アンモニウム化合物等のカチオン性界面活性剤、
アルコールエトキシレート、オレイルセチルアルコールエトキシレート、ノニル/ウンデカノール(C9/C11)エトキシレート、イソデシルアルコール(C10)エトキシレート、ラウリルミリスチル(C12−C14)エトキシレート、イソトリデシル(C13)エトキシレート、ノニルフェノールエトキシレート、ヒマシ油エトキシレート及び他のアルコールエトキシレート等の非イオン性界面活性剤、
物質種類カルボキシグリシネート、イミノプロピオネート、イミノグリシネート、脂肪酸アミドプロピルベタイン、及び脂肪酸アミドプロピルヒドロキシサルテイン由来のベタイン及びサルテイン(Sultaine)等の両性界面活性剤、
脂肪アルコールエトキシレートEO/PO付加体、アルキルポリグルコシド、ポリソルベート、脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド及びアミンオキシド等の非イオン性の、両性界面活性剤。
50gの球形β−Ni(OH)2粒子を、アニーリング炉中、300℃の温度で4時間、窒素中50%水素の雰囲気中で部分的に還元する。約10μmの平均粒径は維持される。これらの部分的に還元された、球形のNi/NiO粒子はすでに内部ナノポーラス構造を有している。
ペーストの調製の際に界面活性剤を加えなかったこと以外は上記の本発明に係る製造例と同様にして、ニッケル電極を製造した。
Claims (11)
- ニッケルワイヤの電気伝導性ニッケルメッシュ又はウェブを含む格子状ニッケルエキスパンドメタルと、前記ニッケルメッシュの前記ワイヤのみ又は前記ニッケルエキスパンドメタルの前記ウェブにのみに設けられた相互接着性の球形ナノポーラスニッケル粒子のニッケル層とを備えるニッケル電極であって、
a)球形水酸化ニッケル粒子を準備する工程と、
b)部分的に還元された球形Ni/NiO粒子を得るために、前記球形水酸化ニッケル粒子を還元雰囲気中、270〜330℃の温度で部分的に還元する工程と、
c)得られたNi/NiO粒子、有機結合剤及び/又は無機結合剤、界面活性剤、並びに任意に、付加的な補助剤からペーストを製造する工程と、
d)前記ペーストをコーティングとして、前記電気伝導性ニッケルメッシュ又はニッケルエキスパンドメタルに塗工する工程と、
e)コーティングされた前記ニッケルメッシュ又はニッケルエキスパンドメタルを、還元雰囲気中、500〜800℃の温度でアニーリングする工程と
を備える方法によって得られるニッケル電極。 - 工程a)で準備される前記球形水酸化ニッケル粒子が、0.3〜75μm、好ましくは3〜30μm、より好ましくは9〜12μm、とりわけ好ましくは約10μmの平均粒径を有する請求項1に記載のニッケル電極。
- 工程b)の部分還元が290〜310℃の温度で実施される請求項1又は請求項2に記載のニッケル電極。
- 工程b)の前記部分還元及び工程e)の前記アニーリングの両方が、10〜100%水素、及び任意に不活性ガスを含む還元雰囲気中で実施される請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル電極。
- 工程c)において、天然ポリマー及び/若しくは合成ポリマー又はその誘導体が有機結合剤として使用され、アンモニウム塩又はヒドラジン塩が無機結合剤として使用される請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル電極。
- 工程c)において、前記界面活性剤の量が、前記ペーストの総重量に対して0.1〜20重量%である請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル電極。
- 工程c)において、前記ペーストを調製するために使用される界面活性剤が、非イオン性界面活性剤、イオン性界面活性剤及び両性界面活性剤からなる群から選択される請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル電極。
- 前記ニッケル層が、1〜1,000μm、好ましくは10〜900μm、より好ましくは20〜200μmの範囲の厚さを有する請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル電極。
- 前記球形ナノポーラスニッケル粒子が、0.1〜25μm、好ましくは1〜10μm、より好ましくは2〜6μm、とりわけ好ましくは3〜4μmの平均粒径を有する請求項1から請求項8のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル電極。
- 請求項1から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル電極の製造方法であって、
a)球形水酸化ニッケル粒子を準備する工程と、
b)部分的に還元された球形Ni/NiO粒子を得るために、前記球形水酸化ニッケル粒子を還元雰囲気中、270〜330℃の温度で部分的に還元する工程と、
c)得られたNi/NiO粒子、有機結合剤及び/又は無機結合剤、界面活性剤、並びに任意に、付加的な補助剤からペーストを製造する工程と、
d)前記ペーストをコーティングとして、前記電気伝導性ニッケルメッシュ又はニッケルエキスパンドメタルに塗工する工程と、
e)コーティングされた前記ニッケルメッシュ又はニッケルエキスパンドメタルを、還元雰囲気中、500〜800℃の温度でアニーリングする工程と
を備える方法。 - 標準的な電池、蓄電池、対称型及び非対称型の二重層キャパシタ、センサにおける作用電極として、触媒担体として、電気化学合成、又は特にアルカリ媒質中での水電解用の光電素子及び光触媒装置における電極としての請求項1から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル電極の使用。
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