JP2020527491A - スペクトル変換器を用いて3d成形部品を製造する方法及び装置 - Google Patents
スペクトル変換器を用いて3d成形部品を製造する方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
以降で、本発明の幾つかの用語をより詳細に説明する。
使用されている手段とその作用の簡単な説明
所期のように各面タイプを加熱するという中心的な課題は、放射線フィルタを備えた短波のIR放射器の投入を介して解決される。
装置に対する一般的な詳細な説明
本発明を実行するために必要な装置は、粉末ベースのプリント用の3Dプリンタに密接に基づいている。付加的に、プロセス液を温度調整し、刷り込むために、他のプロセスユニットが投入される。
例1:放射線フィルタを備えた短波IR放射器を含み、サーマルオーバヘッドランプを有している焼結ランプを備えた装置
図3a)では、造形プロセス又はプロセスサイクルは、例えば、層厚100μmの粉末層によって造形プラットフォームをコーティングすることから始まる。コータ(101)によるコーティング中に既に、粉末は、コータ(101)又はプリントヘッド(100)によって光学的に覆われていない限り、オーバヘッド放射器(108)によって加熱される。PA12、ここでは製造業者EOSのPA2200を使用する場合には、168℃まで加熱される。印刷が施されている領域を良好に加熱する放射線のみを供給する焼結放射器(109)は、このステップではオンに切り替えられない。
図2b及び図2cには、統合された冷却を備えた焼結ランプの構成が示されている。放射線フィルタはここで例示的に二重の構成で概略的に示されている(202a,202b)。ここで2つの要素は接触しておらず、互いに一定の間隔(205)を有している。このような構造では、生成された長波赤外線の大部分は、短波放射器(201)に最も近いフィルタ(202a)によって吸収される。長波赤外線によってこれが加熱されるが、短波放射線は通過される。従って、図1において、粒子表面に面している第2のフィルタ(202b)は、このような長波の熱放射線によって加熱されない。また、第2のフィルタは、短波放射線に影響を与えないので、プリントヘッド(100)によって濡れた粒子材料の領域を、その融解温度を超えて加熱するためにこれを使用することができる。ここで第2のフィルタのはるかに低い温度が、放射線の流れをブロックするであろう、コーティング過程(図3a)によって渦巻いている粒子材料のその表面での融解及び付着を阻止する。
図2dに示されているように、通走する際に焼結ランプが造形プラットフォーム上の粒子材料の表面全体を均一に照射するために(204b)、ディフューザ(202c)としての、例2に記載されているフィルタ(202b)の構成が有利である。これによって、作成される成形体の十分に高い強度が、造形プラットフォームの縁部領域でも得られることが保証される。このような例では、製造業者Edmund Opticsの氷晶石ガラス、ホワイトオパールガラスがディフューザとして適している。
図5に示されているように、造形プロセス又はプロセスサイクルは、粉末層による造形プラットフォーム(102)のコーティングから始まる。印刷が施されていない領域を良好に加熱する放射線も供給する、ユニット(109)のフィルタを有していない焼結放射器(501)は、このようなステップにおいて、オンに切り替えられ、融解温度よりも低いが再結晶温度よりも高い基本温度まで粉末を加熱する。エネルギ供給はここで、出力と移動速度を介して制御される。生成された温度は有利に検出され、調整も行われる。
図6に示されているように、オーバヘッドランプ(108)は、1.2μmの範囲のピーク波長を有している短波放射器(601)を用いて構成され、これはIR放出源と粉末表面の間のビーム路(602)内に位置する吸収剤(603)を面状に加熱する。吸収剤は、これによってそれ自身同様に赤外線(604)を送出するが、これは格段に長い波長のスペクトル、有利には約4μmのピーク波長を有しているスペクトルにある。吸収剤は、材料の熱容量を低く抑え、これによって送出される長波放射線の応答時間を最小限にするために、数ミリメートルの可能な限り薄い厚さで構成されている。材料としては有利には製造業者Ceramtecの明礬石、窒化アルミニウムから成る非酸化物セラミックが適している。なぜなら、これは約200W/mKの高い熱伝導性を有しており、これによって、造形中に迅速な応答時間を可能にするからである。
101 コータ
102 造形プラットフォーム
103 構成部分
107 層
108 オーバヘッド放射器
109 焼結放射器ユニット
110 造形コンテナ
105 造形コンテナの断熱材
104 抵抗加熱ヒータ又は加熱コイル
106 下方への造形プラットフォームの断熱材
111 コータの抵抗加熱ヒータ
112 高温計
201 短波IR放射器
202 フィルタ
202a 短波赤外線放射器に最も近いフィルタ
202b 造形表面に最も近いフィルタ
202c ディフューザ
203 長波成分を有している赤外線
204 長波成分を有していない赤外線
204b 配向されていない、長波成分を有していない赤外線
205 2つの放射線フィルタの間の空所
206 冷却スロット
207 流体冷却式ラジエータ
208 ファン
501 放射線フィルタを有していない焼結放射器
502 放射線フィルタを伴って構成されている焼結放射器
601 短波赤外線放射器
602 広帯域赤外線
603 吸収剤
604 吸収剤によって放出される長波赤外線
701 二次ピークを有している従来の放射器の典型的な放射線スペクトル
702 出力が比較的低い場合の従来の放射器のスペクトル
703 ホウケイ酸ガラスディスクの吸収スペクトル
704 出力が高い場合の従来の放射器の放出スペクトル
705 伝達されるスペクトル
706 ブロックされる波長範囲
Claims (10)
- 3D成形部品を製造する方法であって、
粒子状の造形材料が、定められた層において、コータによって造形領域上に塗布され、1つ又は複数の吸収剤の1つ又は複数の液体又は粒子材料が選択的に塗布され、放射器によってエネルギが入力され、
選択的に塗布された吸収剤を有している領域が選択的に硬化され、前記造形領域が1層の厚さぶんだけ降下され、又は、前記コータが1層の厚さぶんだけ上昇され、
前記工程は、所望の前記3D成形部品が生成されるまで繰り返される、方法において、
前記方法は、少なくとも1つのスペクトル変換器を使用する
ことを特徴とする、3D成形部品を製造する方法。 - 前記スペクトル変換器は、短波又は長波の放射線をフィルタリングする少なくとも1つのフィルタである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 使用される粒子材料のスペクトルに適合するように、フィルタリングされた放射線範囲が選択され、有利には、前記粒子材料上に放射されるスペクトルの波長は、8〜3.5μmであり、
有利には、粉末材料として、ポリアミド粉末、ポリアミドベースの熱可塑性エラストマ又はウレタンベースの熱可塑性エラストマが使用される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。 - 塗布された前記粉末層が、第1の加熱ステップによって、前記粒子材料の焼結窓内に位置する、吸収剤を有していない粉末の基本温度まで加熱され、
第2の焼結ステップが、熱供給によって、前記粉末の融解温度を上回る焼結温度での、吸収剤によって印刷が施されている領域の選択的な硬化を生じさせ、
選択的に吸収剤が塗布された前記領域は、前記第1のステップにおいて、吸収剤を有していない前記領域よりも強く加熱され、従って、吸収剤を有している領域と吸収剤を有していない領域との間で温度差が生じる、請求項1、2又は3に記載の方法。 - 3D成形部品を製造する装置であって、
粉末ベースのプリンティング方法に必要なすべてのコンポーネントを含む装置において、
有利には、冷却スロット、冷却凹部、冷却溝又は/及び冷却穴を有している少なくとも1つのスペクトル変換器を有している
ことを特徴とする、3D成形部品を製造する装置。 - 前記スペクトル変換器は、選択された波長範囲を定め、前記波長範囲をフィルタリングする少なくとも1つのフィルタであり、
有利には、前記フィルタはホウケイ酸ディスクである、請求項5に記載の装置。 - 前記選択された波長範囲は、有利には、8μm〜3.5μm又は3.5μm〜0.5μmの波長範囲にある長波又は短波の赤外線から選択され、
有利には、少なくとも2つのスペクトル変換器が実質的に上下に配置されており、有利には、前記少なくとも2つのスペクトル変換器の間に空所がある、請求項5又は6に記載の装置。 - 前記コンポーネントは、造形プラットフォーム、側壁、ジョブボックス、コータ(リコータ)、プリントヘッド、セラミックフィルム、エネルギ入力手段、有利には少なくとも1つの放射器、有利にはオーバヘッド放射器又は/及び焼結放射器ユニットから選択される、請求項5から7までのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記オーバヘッド放射器は、前記粒子材料及び/又は前記造形領域上に照射される8〜3.5μmの波長範囲を放射し、又は/及び、有利にはフィルタを含む前記焼結放射器ユニットは、前記粒子材料及び/又は前記造形領域上に照射される3.5〜0.5μmの波長範囲を放射する、請求項5から8までのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記装置はさらに、流体冷却式ラジエータ、ファン、造形コンテナの断熱材、造形プラットフォームの断熱材、抵抗加熱ヒータ、加熱コイル、コータの抵抗加熱ヒータ、高温計、ディフューザ及び赤外線放射器を含むグループから選択される1つ又は複数のコンポーネントを有している、請求項5から9までのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
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US11731361B2 (en) | 2023-08-22 |
WO2019015707A1 (de) | 2019-01-24 |
CN110944824B (zh) | 2022-11-18 |
CN110944824A (zh) | 2020-03-31 |
KR102615544B1 (ko) | 2023-12-19 |
DE102017006860A1 (de) | 2019-01-24 |
US20240025118A1 (en) | 2024-01-25 |
KR20200031105A (ko) | 2020-03-23 |
US11279087B2 (en) | 2022-03-22 |
US20220168956A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
EP3655234A1 (de) | 2020-05-27 |
US20200130263A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
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