JP2020169136A - Soil reduction disinfection method and reduction disinfection material - Google Patents
Soil reduction disinfection method and reduction disinfection material Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、土壌の還元消毒方法及び還元消毒資材に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for reducing and disinfecting soil and a material for reducing and disinfecting soil.
同一の圃場で同一の作物を繰り返し育てると、次第に作物の生育が不良となることが知られている。この現象は連作障害とよばれ、土壌中で特定の微生物や線虫等の害虫が増殖することが主な原因と考えられている。従来、連作障害の対策としては、臭化メチルやクロルピクリン等のくん蒸剤による土壌の消毒が行われているが、近年では前記薬剤による環境への影響が懸念されている。 It is known that when the same crop is repeatedly grown in the same field, the growth of the crop gradually deteriorates. This phenomenon is called continuous cropping disorder, and it is thought that the main cause is the growth of specific microorganisms and pests such as nematodes in the soil. Conventionally, as a countermeasure against continuous cropping disorder, soil is disinfected with a fumigant such as methyl bromide or chloropicrin, but in recent years, there is a concern that the chemical may affect the environment.
そこで、くん蒸に代わる土壌の消毒方法として、還元消毒とよばれる手法が行われるようになっている。還元消毒では、圃場へ潅水すると共に土着菌（土壌に元々存在する微生物）の餌となる有機物を投入し、その後、農業用の被覆材で土壌の表面を覆い、土着菌によって土壌中の酸素を消費させることによって還元状態を作り出す。このとき、土着菌の餌として投入される前記有機物としては、例えば、米糠（例えば特許文献１を参照）、糖蜜（例えば特許文献２を参照）、エタノール（例えば特許文献３を参照）などが知られている。 Therefore, as a soil disinfection method instead of fumigation, a method called reduction disinfection has come to be performed. In reduction disinfection, the field is irrigated and organic matter that feeds indigenous bacteria (microorganisms originally present in the soil) is added, and then the surface of the soil is covered with an agricultural coating material, and oxygen in the soil is removed by the indigenous bacteria. Creates a reduced state by consuming it. At this time, rice bran (see, for example, Patent Document 1), sugar honey (see, for example, Patent Document 2), ethanol (see, for example, Patent Document 3) and the like are known as the organic matter to be introduced as food for indigenous bacteria. Has been done.
しかし、上記従来の還元消毒方法では、土着菌の餌となる有機物を圃場に大量に（米糠の場合は圃場10a当たり1t〜2t、糖蜜又はエタノールの場合は圃場10a当たり1t前後）投入する必要があることから、その投入作業に多くの時間と労力が掛かるという問題があった。また、上記従来の還元消毒方法では、土壌の状態によって、効果が得られるまでに長期間を要したり、最終的に十分な効果が得られなかったりする場合があった。 However, in the above-mentioned conventional reduction disinfection method, it is necessary to put a large amount of organic matter that feeds indigenous bacteria into the field (1 to 2 tons per 10 a field for rice bran, about 1 ton per 10 a field for molasses or ethanol). Therefore, there is a problem that a lot of time and labor are required for the input work. Further, in the above-mentioned conventional reduction disinfection method, depending on the condition of the soil, it may take a long time for the effect to be obtained, or a sufficient effect may not be finally obtained.
本発明は上記の点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、土壌への適用が簡単であって、安定した効果が得られる土壌の還元消毒方法及び還元消毒資材を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a soil reduction disinfection method and a reduction disinfection material which can be easily applied to soil and can obtain a stable effect. There is.
上記課題を解決するために成された本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒方法は、
ストレプトマイセス（Streptomyces）属、バチルス（Bacillus）属、及びピキア（Pichia）属から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも１種類の通性嫌気性微生物又は好気性微生物を主成分とする還元消毒資材を土壌に投与する投与工程と、
前記土壌に潅水する潅水工程と、
前記土壌の表面を合成樹脂から成るシート状の被覆材で被覆する被覆工程と、
を有している。
The method for reducing and disinfecting soil according to the present invention, which was made to solve the above problems, is
A reduction disinfectant containing at least one facultative anaerobic or aerobic microorganism as a main component selected from the group consisting of the genus Streptomyces, the genus Bacillus, and the genus Pichia is applied to the soil. Administration step to administer and
The irrigation process of irrigating the soil and
A coating step of coating the surface of the soil with a sheet-like coating material made of synthetic resin, and
have.
上記本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒方法においては、更に、前記被覆工程を行う前に、前記土壌に米糠又は砂糖を投与することが望ましい。 In the method for reducing and disinfecting soil according to the present invention, it is desirable to further administer rice bran or sugar to the soil before performing the coating step.
上記課題を解決するために成された本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒資材は、
ストレプトマイセス（Streptomyces）属、バチルス（Bacillus）属、及びピキア（Pichia）属から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも１種類の通性嫌気性微生物又は好気性微生物を主成分としている。
The soil reduction disinfection material according to the present invention, which was made to solve the above problems, is
It is mainly composed of at least one facultative anaerobic microorganism or aerobic microorganism selected from the group consisting of the genus Streptomyces, the genus Bacillus, and the genus Pichia.
上記本発明によれば、土壌への適用が簡単であって、安定した効果が得られる土壌の還元消毒方法及び還元消毒資材を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a soil reduction disinfection method and a reduction disinfection material which are easy to apply to soil and can obtain a stable effect.
本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒資材は、ストレプトマイセス属、バチルス属、及びピキア属から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも１種類の通性嫌気性微生物又は好気性微生物を主成分としている。前記還元消毒資材は、液剤又は固形剤（粉末剤、顆粒剤、又は錠剤等）などいかなる剤形のものとしてもよいが、土壌への投与の容易性に鑑みて固形剤とすることが望ましい。前記還元消毒資材を固形剤とする場合、該固形剤は、前記通性嫌気性微生物又は前記好気性微生物の培養液から採取した菌体を所定の担体に保持させたり、乾燥状態とした前記菌体に所定の賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤などの添加剤を加えて成形したりすることによって製造される。また、前記還元消毒資材を液剤とする場合、該液剤は、前記通性嫌気性微生物又は前記好気性微生物の培養液から採取した菌体を所定の培地に懸濁して適当な濃度に調整することで製造することができる。 The soil reduction disinfectant material according to the present invention contains at least one facultative anaerobic microorganism or aerobic microorganism selected from the group consisting of the genus Streptomyces, the genus Bacillus, and the genus Pikia as a main component. The reduction disinfectant material may be in any dosage form such as a liquid agent or a solid agent (powder, granule, tablet, etc.), but it is desirable to use a solid agent in view of ease of administration to soil. When the reduction disinfectant material is used as a solid agent, the solid agent is such that the bacterial cells collected from the culture solution of the facultative anaerobic microorganism or the aerobic microorganism are retained in a predetermined carrier or dried. It is produced by adding certain additives such as excipients, binders and disintegrants to the body and molding it. When the reduction disinfectant material is used as a liquid preparation, the liquid preparation is prepared by suspending cells collected from the culture solution of the facultative anaerobic microorganism or the aerobic microorganism in a predetermined medium and adjusting the concentration to an appropriate level. Can be manufactured in.
前記還元消毒資材には、更に、前記通性嫌気性微生物又は前記好気性微生物に対する微生物増殖剤を含有させることが望ましい。該微生物増殖剤としては例えば米糠、又はおから等を用いることができる。 It is desirable that the reduction disinfectant material further contains a facultative anaerobic microorganism or a microbial growth agent for the aerobic microorganism. As the microbial growth agent, for example, rice bran, okara, or the like can be used.
本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒方法は、前記本発明に係る還元消毒資材を土壌に投与する投与工程と、前記土壌に潅水する潅水工程と、前記土壌の表面を合成樹脂から成るシート状の被覆材で被覆する被覆工程とを有している。なお、前記合成樹脂から成るシート状の被覆材としては、例えば農業用のポリオレフィン系樹脂シートやビニールシートなどを用いることができる。また、本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒方法においては、更に、前記通性嫌気性微生物又は前記好気性微生物の餌となる米糠又は砂糖を前記土壌に投与することが望ましい。前記餌として米糠を使用する場合は、前記還元消毒資材と共に土壌に投与することが望ましく、前記餌として砂糖を使用する場合は、前記潅水を行う際に、水に砂糖を溶かして投与することが望ましい。 The method for reducing and disinfecting soil according to the present invention includes an administration step of administering the reducing disinfection material according to the present invention to the soil, an irrigation step of irrigating the soil, and a sheet-like coating of the surface of the soil with a synthetic resin. It has a coating process of coating with a material. As the sheet-shaped covering material made of the synthetic resin, for example, a polyolefin resin sheet or a vinyl sheet for agriculture can be used. Further, in the method for reducing and disinfecting soil according to the present invention, it is desirable to further administer rice bran or sugar that feeds the facultative anaerobic microorganism or the aerobic microorganism to the soil. When rice bran is used as the bait, it is desirable to administer it to the soil together with the reducing disinfectant material, and when sugar is used as the bait, sugar may be dissolved in water and administered when the irrigation is performed. desirable.
具体的な還元消毒の手順について以下に説明する。なお、以下の手順はあくまで一例であり、これに限定されるものではない。 The specific procedure of reduction disinfection will be described below. The following procedure is just an example and is not limited to this.
まず、ストレプトマイセス属の微生物を105cfu/g（cfu：colony forming unit）、バチルス属の微生物を107cfu/g、及びピキア属の微生物を105cfu/g含有する還元消毒資材を、圃場（畑又は水田）10a当たりに20kg〜40kg（望ましくは25kg〜35kg）程度、均一に散布する。その後、ロータリーで2〜3回耕転することによって圃場を耕起する。なお、前記微生物の餌として米糠を使用する場合は、還元消毒資材と共に土壌に散布する。その後、圃場を平らにした上で、潅水チューブ等を用いて圃場に水を入れる。このときの潅水量は10a当たり50t〜100t程度とする。なお、前記微生物の餌として砂糖を使用する場合は、最後の10ｔ程度の水に砂糖を溶かして圃場に流し入れる。その後、圃場の全面をシート状の被覆材で被覆して2〜4週間程度（地温30℃では3週間、40℃では2週間以上が目安）に亘って被覆状態を維持する。なお、被覆材で被覆した直後は土壌と被覆材の間に隙間があるが、その後、前記還元消毒資材に含まれる通性嫌気性微生物又は好気性微生物が土壌中で増殖するため、該微生物によって空気中及び土壌中の酸素が消費されて、被覆材が土壌表面に張り付いた状態となる。このように土壌中の酸素が消費されることによって土壌が還元状態となり、病害の原因となるカビ（糸状菌）が死滅し、細菌及び放線菌の豊富な土壌環境を作り出すことができる。 First, a reduction disinfectant containing 10 5 cfu / g (cfu: colony forming unit) of Streptomyces microorganisms, 10 7 cfu / g of Bacillus microorganisms, and 10 5 cfu / g of Pikia microorganisms. , 20kg-40kg (preferably 25kg-35kg) per 10a of field (field or paddy field), evenly spray. Then, the field is cultivated by plowing 2-3 times with a rotary. When rice bran is used as food for the microorganisms, it is sprayed on the soil together with the reducing disinfectant material. Then, after flattening the field, water is poured into the field using an irrigation tube or the like. The amount of irrigation at this time shall be about 50t to 100t per 10a. When sugar is used as food for the microorganisms, the sugar is dissolved in the last 10 tons of water and poured into the field. After that, the entire surface of the field is covered with a sheet-shaped covering material, and the covering state is maintained for about 2 to 4 weeks (3 weeks at a soil temperature of 30 ° C and 2 weeks or more at 40 ° C). Immediately after coating with the covering material, there is a gap between the soil and the covering material, but after that, facultative anaerobic microorganisms or aerobic microorganisms contained in the reduction disinfectant material proliferate in the soil. Oxygen in the air and soil is consumed, and the covering material sticks to the soil surface. By consuming oxygen in the soil in this way, the soil is in a reduced state, molds (filamentous fungi) that cause diseases are killed, and a soil environment rich in bacteria and actinomycetes can be created.
以上により土壌の還元消毒が完了した後は、前記被覆材を取り除いて土壌を乾燥させた上で、ロータリーで耕転して土壌を酸化状態に戻す。その後は、適宜、元肥を蒔いて耕起し、農作物の苗を定植する。 After the reduction disinfection of the soil is completed as described above, the covering material is removed, the soil is dried, and then the soil is cultivated by a rotary to return the soil to an oxidized state. After that, the main fertilizer is sown and cultivated as appropriate, and seedlings of agricultural products are planted.
このように、本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒資材及びそれを用いた土壌の還元消毒方法によれば、ストレプトマイセス属、バチルス属、及びピキア属から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも１種類の通性嫌気性微生物又は好気性微生物を土壌に投与して増殖させることにより、土壌中の酸素を速やかに消費させて還元消毒を行うことができる。また、従来のような土着菌を利用する方法と異なり、土壌の状態によらず安定した効果を得ることができる。また、従来の還元消毒方法に比べて餌となる有機物の投入量が少なくて済むため土壌への適用作業が容易であるという効果も得られる。 As described above, according to the soil reduction disinfection material according to the present invention and the soil reduction disinfection method using the same, at least one type of facultative selected from the group consisting of Streptomyces, Bacillus, and Pikia. By administering an anaerobic microorganism or an aerobic microorganism to the soil and proliferating it, oxygen in the soil can be rapidly consumed and reduction disinfection can be performed. Further, unlike the conventional method using indigenous bacteria, a stable effect can be obtained regardless of the soil condition. In addition, since the amount of organic matter used as bait is smaller than that of the conventional reduction disinfection method, the effect of easy application to soil can be obtained.
本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒資材及び土壌の還元消毒方法による効果をトマト栽培圃場にて確認した。 The effects of the soil reduction disinfection material and the soil reduction disinfection method according to the present invention were confirmed in a tomato cultivation field.
［試験方法］
岐阜県高山市国府町の夏秋トマト栽培圃場に設けた試験区（面積15a）に対し、本発明に係る還元消毒資材による土壌の還元消毒を行った。なお、前記還元消毒資材としては、ストレプトマイセス属の微生物を105cfu/g（cfu：colony forming unit）、バチルス属の微生物を107cfu/g、及びピキア属の微生物を105cfu/g含有するものを使用した（以下、実施例２〜５において同じ）。まず、還元消毒資材45kgを、砂糖45kgと共に圃場に蒔いて耕起した。その後、150tの潅水を行った上で、POフィルム（農業用ポリオレフィン系樹脂シート）で試験区の土壌表面を被覆し還元消毒を開始した。3週間後に被覆を外して土壌を乾燥させた上で耕起し、トマト（品種：桃太郎エイト）の苗を定植した。
[Test method]
A test plot (area 15a) provided in a summer-autumn tomato cultivation field in Kokufu-cho, Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture was subjected to reduction disinfection of soil using the reduction disinfection material according to the present invention. The reduction disinfectant materials include Streptomyces microorganisms 10 5 cfu / g (cfu: colony forming unit), Bacillus microorganisms 10 7 cfu / g, and Pikia microorganisms 10 5 cfu /. Those containing g were used (hereinafter, the same applies to Examples 2 to 5). First, 45 kg of reduction disinfectant material was sown and cultivated in the field together with 45 kg of sugar. Then, after irrigating 150 tons, the soil surface of the test plot was covered with a PO film (agricultural polyolefin resin sheet) and reduction disinfection was started. After 3 weeks, the cover was removed, the soil was dried, and the soil was cultivated, and tomato (variety: Momotaro Eight) seedlings were planted.
［試験結果］
図１（ａ）に、本実施例の試験区におけるトマトの生育状態を表した写真を、図１（ｂ）に対照区におけるトマトの生育結果を表した示す写真を示す。ここで対照区とは試験区と同じ圃場において還元消毒（還元消毒資材及び砂糖の投与、潅水、並びに被覆）を行わなかった区画（面積15a）である。試験区ではトマトの青枯病及びイチョウ病の発生が減少しており、病害株の数は試験区で200株中33株（病害発生率16.5%）であり、対照区では200株中66株（病害発生率33.0％）であった。なお、ここで病害株とは、病害により切除処分となった株及び腰上まで枯れた株を意味する。また、上記のほかに、試験区では、対照区に比べてトマトの生長が早くなったり（対照区の花房が平均10段のとき試験区では花房が平均11段であった）、根量が増えたり、トマトの肥大が良くなり収量が10％程増加したりといった効果が得られた。
[Test results]
FIG. 1 (a) shows a photograph showing the growth state of tomatoes in the test group of this example, and FIG. 1 (b) shows a photograph showing the growth results of tomatoes in the control group. Here, the control plot is a plot (area 15a) in which reduction disinfection (administration of reduction disinfection material and sugar, irrigation, and coating) was not performed in the same field as the test plot. The incidence of brown rot of potato and ginkgo biloba has decreased in the test plot, and the number of diseased strains was 33 out of 200 in the test plot (disease incidence 16.5%) and 66 out of 200 in the control plot. (Disease incidence rate 33.0%). Here, the diseased strain means a strain that has been excised due to the disease and a strain that has withered up to the waist. In addition to the above, in the test plot, tomatoes grew faster than in the control plot (when the average number of flower clusters in the control plot was 10, the average number of flower clusters in the test plot was 11), and the amount of roots was large. The effects such as increase and improvement of tomato enlargement and increase of yield by about 10% were obtained.
図２（ａ）に、前記試験区における雑草の発生状況を表した写真を、図２（ｂ）に前記対照区における雑草の発生状況を表した示す写真を示す。同図から明らかなように、試験区では対照区に比べて雑草の発生量が減少していた。 FIG. 2A shows a photograph showing the weed outbreak situation in the test plot, and FIG. 2B shows a photograph showing the weed outbreak situation in the control plot. As is clear from the figure, the amount of weeds generated in the test plot was lower than that in the control plot.
図３に、還元消毒前、還元消毒後、及びトマト苗の定植直前における前記試験区の土壌中の生菌数、B/F値（細菌／糸状菌の比率）、及びA/F値（放線菌／糸状菌の比率）を示す。前記生菌数は、培地による希釈平板法により計数し、乾土1g当たりで示している。なお、前記希釈平板法における培地としては、細菌及び放線菌についてはエッグアルブミン培地を、糸状菌についてはローズベンガル培地を使用した。同図から明らかなように、本発明に係る還元消毒によって、土壌のB/F値が大幅に上昇することが確認された。作物の土壌病害の多くが糸状菌を原因としており、B/F値が高いほど連作障害を受けにくいことから、本発明の還元消毒資材及び還元消毒方法により連作障害の改善が可能であると考えられる。 FIG. 3 shows the viable cell count, B / F value (bacteria / filamentous fungus ratio), and A / F value (actinomycetes) in the soil of the test plot before reduction disinfection, after reduction disinfection, and immediately before planting tomato seedlings. Bacteria / filamentous fungi ratio) is shown. The viable cell count is counted by the dilution plate method using a medium and is shown per 1 g of dry soil. As the medium in the dilution plate method, an egg albumin medium was used for bacteria and actinomycetes, and a rose bengal medium was used for filamentous fungi. As is clear from the figure, it was confirmed that the B / F value of the soil was significantly increased by the reduction disinfection according to the present invention. Most of the soil diseases of crops are caused by filamentous fungi, and the higher the B / F value, the less likely it is that the continuous cropping disorder will occur. Therefore, it is considered that the continuous cropping disorder can be improved by the reduction disinfection material and the reduction disinfection method of the present invention. Be done.
本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒資材及び土壌の還元消毒方法による効果を、実施例１とは別のトマト栽培圃場にて確認した。 The effects of the soil reduction disinfection material and the soil reduction disinfection method according to the present invention were confirmed in a tomato cultivation field different from that of Example 1.
［試験方法］
岐阜県高山市丹生川町の夏秋トマト栽培圃場に設けた試験区（面積20a）に対し、本発明に係る還元消毒資材による土壌の還元消毒を行った。まず、還元消毒資材60kgを、砂糖60kg及び米糠150kgと共に圃場に蒔いて耕起した。その後、200tの潅水を行った上で、POフィルムで試験区の土壌表面を被覆し還元消毒を開始した。3週間後に被覆を外して土壌を乾燥させた上で耕起し、トマトの苗を定植した。
[Test method]
The soil was reduced and disinfected with the reduction disinfectant material according to the present invention in a test plot (area 20a) provided in a summer and autumn tomato cultivation field in Nyukawa-cho, Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture. First, 60 kg of reduction disinfectant material was sown and cultivated in the field together with 60 kg of sugar and 150 kg of rice bran. Then, after irrigating 200 tons, the soil surface of the test plot was covered with a PO film and reduction disinfection was started. After 3 weeks, the cover was removed, the soil was dried and then plowing, and tomato seedlings were planted.
［試験結果］
上記圃場では、過去20年に亘って、圃場10a当たりに米糠１tを投与して（微生物の投与は行わずに）POフィルムで土壌表面を被覆することによる還元消毒を行っていたが、毎年平均で10〜15本ほど青枯病及びイチョウ病が発生していた。これに対し、上記本発明による還元消毒を行った試験区では、青枯病及びイチョウ病の発生が0本となったほか、雑草発生量が激減したり、トマトの生長が早くなったり（対照区の花房が平均10段のとき試験区では花房が平均11段であった）といった変化が見られた。
[Test results]
In the above fields, for the past 20 years, 1 ton of rice bran was administered per 10a of fields and reduced disinfection was performed by covering the soil surface with PO film (without administration of microorganisms). About 10 to 15 blight and ginkgo biloba had occurred. On the other hand, in the test plot where the reduction disinfection according to the present invention was performed, the occurrence of bacterial wilt disease and ginkgo disease was zero, the amount of weeds generated was drastically reduced, and the growth of tomatoes was accelerated (control). When the average number of flower clusters in the plot was 10 steps, the average number of flower clusters in the test plot was 11 steps).
本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒資材及び土壌の還元消毒方法による効果を、キュウリ栽培圃場にて確認した。 The effects of the soil reduction disinfection material and the soil reduction disinfection method according to the present invention were confirmed in a cucumber cultivation field.
［試験方法］
長野県松本市島立のキュウリ促成栽培圃場（ビニールハウス）に設けた試験区（面積13a）に対し、本発明に係る還元消毒資材による土壌の還元消毒を行った。まず、還元消毒資材45kgを、砂糖40kgと共に圃場に蒔いて耕起した。その後、130tの潅水を行った上で、POフィルムで試験区の土壌表面を被覆し還元消毒を開始した。4週間後に被覆を外して土壌を乾燥させた上で耕起し、キュウリの苗を定植した。
[Test method]
A test plot (area 13a) provided in a cucumber forcing cultivation field (vinyl house) in Shimadachi, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture was subjected to reduction disinfection of soil using the reduction disinfection material according to the present invention. First, 45 kg of reduction disinfectant material was sown and cultivated in the field together with 40 kg of sugar. Then, after irrigating 130 tons, the soil surface of the test plot was covered with a PO film and reduction disinfection was started. After 4 weeks, the cover was removed, the soil was dried, and the soil was cultivated, and cucumber seedlings were planted.
［試験結果］
上記還元消毒を行った試験区では、還元消毒（還元消毒資材及び砂糖の投与、潅水、並びに被覆）を行わなかった対照区（面積13a）と比べて、キュウリの生長が早まったり、根量が増大したりしたほか、キュウリの花数が増え、且つキュウリの肥大がよくなった結果、収量が10％程増大した。また、雑草発生量が激減するという効果も見られた。
[Test results]
In the test plot where the reduction disinfection was performed, the growth of cucumber was accelerated and the root amount was larger than that in the control plot (area 13a) which was not subjected to the reduction disinfection (administration of reduction disinfection material and sugar, irrigation, and coating). In addition to the increase, the number of cucumber flowers increased and the enlargement of the cucumber improved, resulting in an increase in yield of about 10%. In addition, the effect of drastically reducing the amount of weeds generated was also seen.
本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒資材及び土壌の還元消毒方法による効果を、トルコキキョウ栽培圃場にて確認した。 The effects of the soil reduction disinfection material and the soil reduction disinfection method according to the present invention were confirmed in the Turkish kyokyo cultivation field.
［試験方法］
高知県香南市のトルコキキョウ栽培圃場（ビニールハウス）に設けた試験区（面積30a）に対し、本発明に係る還元消毒資材による土壌の還元消毒を行った。まず、還元消毒資材90kgを、米糠300kg及び砂糖90kgと共に圃場に蒔いて耕起した。その後、ハウス内を水田化して１ヶ月放置した後、肥料を入れて畝を立て、POフィルムで被覆を行って還元消毒を開始した。3週間後に被覆を外して土壌を乾燥させた上で耕起し、トルコキキョウの苗を定植した。
[Test method]
The soil was reduced and disinfected with the reduction disinfectant material according to the present invention in a test plot (area 30a) provided in a Turkish greenhouse cultivation field (vinyl house) in Konan City, Kochi Prefecture. First, 90 kg of reduction disinfectant material was sown and cultivated in the field together with 300 kg of rice bran and 90 kg of sugar. After that, the inside of the house was converted into paddy fields and left for one month, then fertilizer was added to make ridges, and the greenhouse was covered with PO film to start reduction disinfection. After 3 weeks, the cover was removed, the soil was dried, and the soil was cultivated, and Turkish oyster seedlings were planted.
［試験結果］
上記圃場では、例年、夏場に水田化とPOフィルム被覆による太陽熱消毒を行なっていたが、ハウスが広いことから生育のバラツキと枯れが発生していた。これに対し、上記本発明による還元消毒を行った試験区では、トルコキキョウの生育のばらつきがなくなったほか、生長が早まり、例年よりも7〜10日早く収穫することができた。また、試験区では1株当たりの花数が平均1輪多くなっていた。
[Test results]
In the above fields, paddy fields and solar heat disinfection with PO film coating were performed every year in the summer, but due to the large size of the house, there were variations in growth and withering. On the other hand, in the test plot where the reduction disinfection according to the present invention was carried out, the growth variation of Turkish oyster was eliminated, the growth was accelerated, and the harvest was possible 7 to 10 days earlier than usual. In addition, the number of flowers per plant increased by one on average in the test plot.
本発明に係る土壌の還元消毒資材及び土壌の還元消毒方法による効果を、ホウレンソウ栽培圃場にて確認した。 The effects of the soil reduction disinfection material and the soil reduction disinfection method according to the present invention were confirmed in a spinach cultivation field.
［試験方法］
岐阜県高山市上野町のホウレンソウ栽培圃場に設けた試験区（間口5.4m×奥行28mのビニールハウス2棟）に対し、本発明に係る還元消毒資材による土壌の還元消毒を行った。具体的には、まず、還元消毒資材10kgを、砂糖10kgと共に圃場に蒔いて耕起した。その後、30tの潅水を行った上で、POフィルムで試験区の土壌表面を被覆して還元消毒を開始した。4週間後に被覆を外して土壌を乾燥させた上で耕起し、ホウレンソウの播種を行った。また、前記圃場に対照となる区画（対照区）を設け、該対照区については、当該圃場で例年使用しているバックマンラボラトリーズ社製の土壌くん蒸剤「キルパー」（登録商標）を用いた土壌の消毒を行い、前記試験区と同時期にホウレンソウの播種を行った。
[Test method]
The soil was reduced and disinfected with the reduction disinfectant material according to the present invention in a test plot (two vinyl greenhouses with a width of 5.4 m and a depth of 28 m) provided in a spinach cultivation field in Uwanomachi, Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture. Specifically, first, 10 kg of reduction disinfectant material was sown and cultivated in the field together with 10 kg of sugar. Then, after irrigating 30 tons, the soil surface of the test plot was covered with a PO film and reduction disinfection was started. After 4 weeks, the coating was removed, the soil was dried, and then plowing was carried out, and spinach was sown. In addition, a control section (control section) is provided in the field, and the control section is soil using the soil fumigant "Kilper" (registered trademark) manufactured by Buckman Laboratories, which is used every year in the field. Was disinfected, and spinach was sown at the same time as the test plot.
［試験結果］
図４に、前記試験区及び前記対照区に対する処理（試験区では還元消毒、対照区では土壌くん蒸剤による消毒）の前後における各区の土壌の分析結果を示す。同図から明らかなように、試験区では処理後の土壌に於いてB/F値及びA/F値の大幅な増大が見られた。このことから、本発明に係る還元消毒資材及び還元消毒方法によって連作障害を効果的に防止することが可能であると考えられる。更に、試験区では、対照区に比べて発芽時期が揃っており、生長も早く、対照区より２日早く収穫を開始することができた。また、試験区では対照区に比べて雑草発生量の減少がみられた。
[Test results]
FIG. 4 shows the analysis results of the soil in each group before and after the treatment for the test group and the control group (reduction disinfection in the test group and disinfection with soil fumigant in the control group). As is clear from the figure, in the test plot, a significant increase in B / F value and A / F value was observed in the treated soil. From this, it is considered that the continuous cropping disorder can be effectively prevented by the reduction disinfection material and the reduction disinfection method according to the present invention. Furthermore, in the test plot, the germination time was aligned as compared with the control plot, the growth was faster, and the harvest could be started two days earlier than the control plot. In addition, a decrease in weed production was observed in the test plot compared to the control plot.
Claims (3)
前記土壌に潅水する潅水工程と、
前記土壌の表面を合成樹脂から成るシート状の被覆材で被覆する被覆工程と、
を有することを特徴とする土壌の還元消毒方法。 An administration step of administering to the soil a reductive disinfectant containing at least one facultative anaerobic microorganism or an aerobic microorganism selected from the group consisting of the genus Streptomyces, the genus Bacillus, and the genus Pikia.
The irrigation process of irrigating the soil and
A coating step of coating the surface of the soil with a sheet-like coating material made of synthetic resin, and
A method for reducing and disinfecting soil, which is characterized by having.
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