JP2020073684A - 官能化ポリマーを含むポリマー組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
官能化ポリマーを含むポリマー組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020073684A JP2020073684A JP2020000454A JP2020000454A JP2020073684A JP 2020073684 A JP2020073684 A JP 2020073684A JP 2020000454 A JP2020000454 A JP 2020000454A JP 2020000454 A JP2020000454 A JP 2020000454A JP 2020073684 A JP2020073684 A JP 2020073684A
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- polymer
- hydrocarbyloxysiloxane
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 125000006546 (C4-C10) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC=CC(C)=C RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WBUSESIMOZDSHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4,5-dihydroimidazol-1-yl)propyl-triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN1CCN=C1 WBUSESIMOZDSHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZZSCUEHVHJNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribromo(phenoxy)silane Chemical compound Br[Si](Br)(Br)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZZSCUEHVHJNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMJXMXRHWZIDGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribromo(propoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](Br)(Br)Br OMJXMXRHWZIDGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFIHIMBHQWVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(chloro)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](Cl)(OCCCC)OCCCC RYFIHIMBHQWVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGCFZHOZKKQIBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)C=C SGCFZHOZKKQIBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIHPVQDFBJMUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](CC)(OCCCC)OCCCC GIHPVQDFBJMUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZQBXUDWTVJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](C)(OCCCC)OCCCC GYZQBXUDWTVJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INUOIYMEJLOQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 INUOIYMEJLOQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SELBPKHVKHQTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl SELBPKHVKHQTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IORQPMCLCHBYMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(methoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl IORQPMCLCHBYMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZFOTCWMVIXGCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(phenoxy)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HZFOTCWMVIXGCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOSDRGGXVCAXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(propoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl KOSDRGGXVCAXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENYMJLFWIMHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN1CCCC1 LENYMJLFWIMHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBQAQJCHIVLAKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(iodo)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](I)(OCC)OCC IBQAQJCHIVLAKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCONUHVNGPLTMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[10-(2h-1,3-oxazol-3-yl)decyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCCCCCCN1COC=C1 SCONUHVNGPLTMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVLWPVSIKXJPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodo(methoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](I)(I)I BVLWPVSIKXJPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCBOFCKECJABMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodo(phenoxy)silane Chemical compound I[Si](I)(I)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WCBOFCKECJABMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXBOIOODJRWLFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodo(propoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](I)(I)I GXBOIOODJRWLFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGLLPRYTJGRGEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN1CCCC1 NGLLPRYTJGRGEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYMHKOVQDOFPHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(oct-1-enyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C[Si](OC)(OC)OC ZYMHKOVQDOFPHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFRDHGNFBLIJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC=C LFRDHGNFBLIJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilicon Chemical group CO[Si](OC)OC PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXJNGXCZSCHDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IXJNGXCZSCHDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLSXASIDNWDYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylsilanol Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NLSXASIDNWDYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年12月12日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/915,287号の優先権を主張するものであり、これは、参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の実施形態は、官能化ポリマーを含むポリマー組成物を製造するためのプロセスに関する。このポリマー組成物は、溶液重合条件下で合成され、部分的に連結され、官能化され、最終的に脱溶媒される。
1又は複数の実施形態において、ポリマーは、アニオン性重合技術を用いることにより調製される。アニオン性重合技術を用いることによるポリマーの調製は、広く知られている。一般に、モノマーの重合を開始するために、アニオン性開始剤が使用される。アニオン性重合の主要な機械的特徴は、書籍(例えば、Hsieh,H.L.;Quirk,R.P.Anionic Polymerization:Principles and Practical Applications;Marcel Dekker:New York,1996)及びレビュー論文(例えば、Hadjichristidis,N.;Pitsikalis,M.;Pispas,S.;Iatrou,H.;Chem.Rev.2001,101(12),3747〜3792)に記載されている。アニオン性開始剤は、停止前に、更なるモノマーと反応して更なる連鎖成長を行なうか又はある官能化剤と反応して官能化ポリマーを与えることができる反応性ポリマー(例えば、リビングポリマー又は反応性末端を有するポリマー)を有利に生成することができる。これらの反応性ポリマーは反応性鎖端を含み、この反応性鎖端はイオン化すると考えられ、この反応性鎖端において官能化剤とポリマーの末端部との間の反応が起こり、それにより、ポリマーの末端部に官能基を付与できることを、当業者なら理解する。また、アニオン性重合技術は、ポリマーの先頭部に付与されることができる官能基を含有する開始剤の使用が可能である。
重合は、当該技術分野で知られている任意の従来の重合容器内で行なっても良い。例えば、従来の攪拌槽型反応器内で重合を行なうことができる。1又は複数の実施形態において、重合に対して使用する構成成分をすべて単一容器(例えば、従来の攪拌槽型反応器)内で混合することができ、重合プロセスのすべてのステップをこの容器内で行なうことができる。他の実施形態では、2つ以上の構成成分を1つの容器内で事前に組み合わせて、それから別の容器に移すことができる。その容器でモノマー(又は少なくともその大部分)の重合を行なっても良い。
上述のように、反応性ポリマーは、ヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンを使用することにより、部分的に連結される。当業者なら、連結は2つ以上の反応性(例えば、リビング)ポリマー鎖の連結を指すことを理解する。1又は複数の実施形態において、本発明による連結反応は、少なくとも3つのポリマー鎖が連結剤によって連結されている、連結されたポリマーを提供する。
本発明の実施は、任意の特定の官能化剤の選択によって限定されることはない。1又は複数の実施形態において、官能化剤は、加水分解性基をポリマー鎖の末端に付与する。
(R11)4−zSi(OR12)z
によって規定され得、式中、R11はハロゲン原子又は一価の有機基、R12は一価の有機基、及びzは1〜4の整数である。ハロゲンには、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素、及びフッ素が含まれる。一実施形態において、ハロゲンには塩素が含まれる。シロキサン末端ポリマーを調製するための技術は、米国特許第3,244,664号、同第6,008,295号、同第6,228,908号、及び同第4,185,042号に記載されており、これらの特許文献は本明細書において参照により取り入れられている。
1又は複数の実施形態において、連結及び/又は官能化が達成又は完了された後、残留する反応性ポリマー鎖及び/又は開始剤残留物をすべて不活性化するために、停止剤が重合混合物に添加され得る。1又は複数の実施形態において、停止剤の添加は任意であり、そのため、1又は複数の実施形態において、停止剤は重合混合物に導入されない。停止剤には、プロトン性化合物が含まれていても良い。プロトン性化合物は、例えば、限定することなく、アルコール、カルボン酸、無機酸、水、又はそれらの混合物である。酸化防止剤、例えば2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノールを添加することを、停止剤の添加と一緒に、添加する前に、又は添加した後に行なっても良い。使用する酸化防止剤の量は、ポリマー生成物の0.2%〜1重量%の範囲であっても良い。
1又は複数の実施形態において、本発明により製造されるポリマー組成物は、安定化され得る。1又は複数の実施形態において、安定化は、ポリマーの分離後又は時間経過時に起こり得るムーニー成長を阻害すると考えられている1つ又は複数の安定化剤を重合混合物に添加することを指す。安定化技術及び安定化剤は、国際公開第WO/2012/092626号、同第WO/2013/184861号、同第WO/2013/184783号、同第WO/2013/184756号、及び同第WO/2013/184813号、並びに米国特許出願公開第2013/0331520号に記載されるように、当該技術分野において周知であり、これらの特許文献は本明細書において参照により取り入れられている。
R1 n Si(OR2)4−n
によって規定され得、式中の各R1は、C1〜C20アルキル基、C4〜C10シクロアルキル基、又はC5〜C20芳香族基からなる群から選択され、式中の各R2は、R1と又は存在する場合は他のR2と同じでも異なるものでも良く、C1〜C20アルキル基、C4〜C10シクロアルキル基、又はC5〜C20芳香族基からなる群から選択され、式中のnは1〜3の整数である。安定化剤の例には、ジアリールジアルコキシシラン、即ち、上に記載された構造式においてn=2となるそれらのアルキルアルコキシシラン、例えば、ジフェニジエトキシシラン(diphenydiethoxysilane)又はジフェニルジメトキシシランからなる群から選択される低分子量アルキルアルコキシシランが挙げられる。
1又は複数の実施形態において、エキステンダは、ポリマーの分離前に重合混合物に添加され得る。これらの又は他の実施形態において、エキステンダは、官能化剤後の連結剤後(after the coupling agent after the functionalizing agent)、及び安定化剤後に添加される。例えば、重合混合物は、オイルをポリマーに添加することにより油展され得、このポリマーの形態は、ポリマーセメントでもポリマーでも良い。本発明の実施では、添加しても良いオイル量を限定してはおらず、したがって従来量を添加しても良い(例えば、5〜50phr)。使用しても良い有用なオイル又はエキステンダには以下が含まれる(但し、これらに限定されない)。芳香族オイル、パラフィン系オイル、ナフテン系オイル、ヒマシ油以外の植物油、低PCAオイル(例えばMES、TDAE)、及びSRAE、並びに重ナフテン系オイル。
1又は複数の実施形態において、ポリマー添加剤は、ポリマーの分離前に重合混合物に添加され得る。これらの又は他の実施形態において、ポリマー添加剤は、連結剤後、官能化剤後、及び安定化剤後に添加される。例えば、2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノールなどの酸化防止剤を添加することを、所望によっては停止剤の添加と一緒に、添加する前に、又は添加した後に行なっても良い。使用する酸化防止剤の量は、ポリマー生成物の0.2%〜1重量%の範囲であっても良い。
1又は複数の実施形態において、ポリマー生成物は、当該技術分野において周知である任意の従来型の脱溶媒手順及び乾燥手順を用いることにより、重合混合物から回収され得る。例えば、ポリマーの回収を、ポリマーセメントに蒸気脱溶媒を施し、続いて、結果として得られるポリマークラムを熱風トンネル内で乾燥させることによって行なうことができる。あるいは、ポリマーの回収は、ポリマーセメントをドラム乾燥機上で直接乾燥させることにより行なっても良い。乾燥ポリマー内の揮発性物質の含有量は、ポリマーの1重量%未満、及び他の実施形態では0.5重量%未満であり得る。1又は複数の実施形態において、ポリマーの形成後、加工助剤、及びオイルなどの他の所望による添加剤が、ポリマーセメントに添加され得る。次いで、ポリマー及び他の任意成分が、溶媒から分離され、所望によっては乾燥され得る。従来の脱溶媒手順及び乾燥手順が使用され得る。一実施形態において、ポリマーは、溶媒の蒸気脱溶媒又は熱水凝固、及びその後に続く濾過によって、溶媒から分離され得る。残留溶媒は、オーブン乾燥又はドラム乾燥などの従来の乾燥技術を用いることにより、除去され得る。あるいは、セメントが直接ドラム乾燥されても良い。
1又は複数の実施形態において、本発明により調製されるポリマー組成物は、従来の蒸気脱溶媒技術を用いてポリマーを効率的に脱溶媒することができる十分なムーニー粘度があることを特徴とする。1又は複数の実施形態において、脱溶媒ステップ時のポリマーのムーニー粘度(ML1+4、100℃)は、少なくとも40、他の実施形態では少なくとも45、及び他の実施形態では少なくとも50である。これらの又は他の実施形態において、脱溶媒ステップ時のポリマーのムーニー粘度(ML1+4、100℃)は、100未満、他の実施形態では95未満、他の実施形態では90未満、及び他の実施形態では85未満である。
本発明のポリマー組成物は特に、タイヤ部品の製造に用いることができるゴム組成物の調製において有用である。ゴム配合技術及びそこで用いる添加剤は、The Compounding and Vulcanization of Rubber,in Rubber Technology(2nd Ed.1973)に概ね開示されている。
Claims (9)
- 官能化ポリマーを製造するための方法であって、
i.共役ジエンモノマーを、所望によっては共重合可能なモノマーとともに、溶媒内で重合して、反応性末端を有するポリマーを含む重合混合物を製造するステップと、
ii.反応性末端を有する前記ポリマーの一部分を、下記式によって規定されるヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンで連結して、ヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンで連結したポリマー及び反応性末端を有する残存ポリマーを含む重合混合物を製造するステップであって、前記ヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンが、前記反応性末端を有するポリマーの30%〜50%が連結する量で使用されるステップと、
(式中、R及びR1はそれぞれ独立に一価の有機基であり、nは4〜50の整数である。)
iii.反応性末端を有する前記残存ポリマーを、ステップiiで用いられたヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンとは異なり、少なくとも1つのヒドロカルビルオキシ官能基を有する官能化剤と反応させて、官能化ポリマー及び前記ヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンで連結したポリマーを含む重合混合物を製造するステップであって、前記官能化剤が、前記残存ポリマーの30%〜80%が官能化される量で使用されるステップと、
iv.前記官能化ポリマー及び前記ヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンで連結したポリマーを含む前記重合混合物を脱溶媒するステップと、を含む、方法。 - 前記方法が、前記脱溶媒ステップの前に、停止ステップを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記官能化剤が、下記式によって規定され、式中、R2、R3、及びR7は一価の有機基であり、R4は二価の有機基であり、R5及びR6はそれぞれ独立にヒドロカルビルオキシ基又はヒドロカルビル基である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記重合ステップが、前記共役ジエンモノマー、及び所望によってはコモノマーを、有機リチウム開始剤で重合することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記リチウムに対する前記官能化剤のモル比が0.1〜10である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- ポリマー組成物を製造するための方法であって、
i.反応性ポリマーバッチを、下記式によって規定されるヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンにより部分的に連結するステップであって、前記ヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンが、反応性ポリマーバッチの反応性末端を有するポリマーの30%〜50%が連結する量で使用されるステップと、
(式中、R及びR1はそれぞれ独立に一価の有機基であり、nは4〜50の整数である。)
ii.前記部分連結ステップの後に残った反応性ポリマーを、ステップiで用いられたヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンとは異なり、少なくとも1つのヒドロカルビルオキシ官能基を有する官能化剤で末端処理するステップであって、前記官能化剤が、前記部分連結ステップの後に残った反応性ポリマーの30%〜80%が官能化される量で使用されるステップと、を含む、方法。 - 30%〜50%の下記式(1)によって規定されるヒドロカルビルオキシシロキサンで連結されたポリマー、及び30%〜50%の下記式(2)によって規定される官能化剤に由来する構造を有する官能化ポリマーを含むポリマーブレンドを含む、ポリマー組成物。
(式中、R及びR1はそれぞれ独立に一価の有機基であり、nは4〜50の整数である。)
(式中、R2、R3、及びR7は一価の有機基であり、R4は二価の有機基であり、R5及びR6はそれぞれ独立にヒドロカルビルオキシ基又はヒドロカルビル基である。) - 各Rがアルキル基である、請求項7に記載のポリマー組成物。
- 各Rがエチル基である、請求項7に記載のポリマー組成物。
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