JP2020036784A - 人工血管 - Google Patents
人工血管 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2020036784A JP2020036784A JP2018165849A JP2018165849A JP2020036784A JP 2020036784 A JP2020036784 A JP 2020036784A JP 2018165849 A JP2018165849 A JP 2018165849A JP 2018165849 A JP2018165849 A JP 2018165849A JP 2020036784 A JP2020036784 A JP 2020036784A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- blood vessel
- artificial blood
- wall
- outer cylinder
- main body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Abstract
Description
図2に示す成膜装置により、試料の内壁面に炭素質膜を形成した。チャンバ101は、直径が200mmで、長さが500mmのステンレス容器とした。チャンバ101には真空排気部110及びガス供給部115が接続されており、電源部120は、電圧発生器121(IWATSU製SG-4104)と増幅器122(NF Corporation製HVA4321)とにより構成した。放電電極125は、直径6mm、長さ70mmのステンレス電極とした。ガス供給部115は、メタンガスのボンベ116からマスフローコントローラ117を介して原料ガスを供給する構成とした。バルブの開度及びガス供給量を制御することにより、チャンバ110内の圧力を調整した。
内径が4mmで長さが150mmのシリコンチューブ製の外筒内に、内径が3mm、厚さが0.35mmで、長さが150mmのePTFE製人工血管(ゴアテックス社製、SGTW-0315BT)を入れて所定の時間成膜を行った。
微細表面粗さは、人工血管の内壁面を撮影した電解放出型走査電子顕微鏡(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社、S-4800)写真を画像処理することにより算出した。まず、倍率100K倍の電子顕微鏡写真の1290×960の部分をピクセル数50×50の画像としてコンピュータに取り込んだ。取り込んだ各ピクセルの輝度に基づいて、各ピクセルの相対的な高さの値を算出しこれをピクセル値とした。次に、算出したピクセル値に含まれるノイズをTrend filtering(Tibshirani, R.: Adaptive piecewise polynomial estimation via trend filtering, Annals of Statistics, 42(1), 285-323, 2014を参照。)により除去した。ノイズ除去を行ったピクセル値から、以下の式(1)に基づいて画像解析による微細算術平均粗さ(IARa)を算出し、以下の式(2)に基づいて画像解析による微細二乗平均平方根高さ(IARq)を算出した。なお、nは2500とし、50×50のピクセルすべてを対象として演算を行った。また、得られたIARa及びIARqの値を未処理の人工血管のIARa及びIARqの値で割った値を、それぞれ規格化IARa及び規格化IARqとした。
長さ10mmに切断した人工血管を試料管に10個入れ、このサンプルについて、ガス吸着装置(マクロトラックベル社製、ベルソープ18)を用いて、水蒸気吸脱着等温線及び窒素吸脱着等温線を求めた。試料は脱ガスを行うため、前処理を行った。処理温度は100℃とした。処理時間は3〜8時間とし、脱ガスが充分にできた状態で終了させた。水蒸気については、吸着温度を25℃とした。0.4kPa〜2.9kPaの圧力範囲(相対圧0.11〜0.91)において、圧力を上げながらほぼ等間隔に20点について吸着量を測定した後、圧力を下げながら11点について測定した。窒素については、吸着温度を−196℃とした。5.3kPa〜101kPaの圧力範囲(相対圧0.05〜1.0)において、圧力を上げながらほぼ等間隔に27点について吸着量を測定した後、圧力を下げながら14点について測定した。
接触角測定器(協和界面科学社製、DropMaster500)を用いて、炭素質膜が形成された厚さが0.1mmのePTFEシート表面の水に対する接触角を測定した。水の滴下量は2μLとした。
体重35kgのオスヤギに全身麻酔・ヘパリン管理下にて左右側頚部にそれぞれ人工血管によりArterial-Venous(A-V)シャントを作成した。人工血管の長さは約5cmとした。
成膜時間を5分として人工血管の内壁に炭素質膜を形成した。得られた、炭素質膜を形成した人工血管の表面状態を図6Aに示す。図7Aに示すSEM画像におけるIARaは0.95、IARqは1.2であった。未処理の人工血管のIARaにより規格化した規格化IARaは0.34、未処理の人工血管のIARqにより規格化した規格化IARqは0.32であった。水蒸気吸着等温線は、脱離ヒステリシスを有していた(図8A)。一方、窒素吸着等温線には、脱離ヒステリシスは認められなかった(図9A)。また、水に対する接触角は98°であった。本実施例の人工血管をヤギの左側頚部に埋め込んだ結果、図10Aに示すように免疫系細胞の吸着は少なく吸着量の平均値は、3個/mmであった。
炭素質膜を形成していない人工血管の表面の表面状態を図7Bに示す。図7Bに示すSEM画像におけるIARaは2.8、IARqは3.6であった。水蒸気吸着等温線及び窒素吸着等温線のいずれにも、脱離ヒステリシスは認められなかった(図8B、図9B)。また、水に対する接触角は132°であった。本比較例の人工血管をヤギの右側頚部に埋め込んだ結果、図10Bに示すように人工血管の内壁面に多数の免疫系細胞が吸着しており、吸着量の平均値は、29個/mmであった。
成膜時間を1分とした以外は実施例1と同様にして炭素質膜を形成した。得られた、炭素質膜を形成した人工血管の表面状態を図7Cに示す。水蒸気吸着等温線及び窒素吸着等温線のいずれにも、脱離ヒステリシスは認められなかった。また、水に対する接触角は107°であった。
102 長尺細管
103 電極コネクタ
104 外筒
110 ガス供給部
120 電源部
121 電圧発生器
122 増幅器
125 放電電極
126 対向電極
Claims (5)
- 人工血管本体と、前記人工血管本体の内壁を被覆する炭素質膜とを備え、
前記炭素質膜に被覆された内壁は、水蒸気吸着等温線が脱離ヒステリシスを有する、人工血管。 - 前記炭素質膜に被覆された内壁は、画像解析による微細算術平均粗さが2.5以下である、請求項1に記載の人工血管。
- 前記炭素質膜に被覆された内壁は、免疫系細胞吸着量が、20個/mm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の人工血管。
- 内部圧力を調整可能なチャンバ内に、多孔性の人工血管本体を配置し、炭化水素を含む原料ガスを供給した状態において、前記人工血管本体の内部にプラズマを発生させて、前記人工血管本体の内壁を炭素質膜により被覆する工程を備え、
前記人工血管本体は、内径が前記人工血管本体の外径よりも大きい非導電性の外筒内に収容された状態で前記チャンバ内に配置し、
前記外筒は、一方の端部に放電電極が配置され、他方の端部は開放されており、
前記放電電極と、前記外筒から離間して設けられた対向電極との間に断続的に交流バイアスを印加し、
前記炭素質膜により被覆された内壁は、水蒸気吸着等温線が脱離ヒステリシスを有する、人工血管の製造方法。 - 内部圧力を調整可能なチャンバと、
前記チャンバ内に炭化水素ガスを供給するガス供給部と、
前記チャンバ内に設けられた放電電極及び対向電極と、
前記放電電極と前記対向電極との間に断続的に交流電圧を印加する電源部とを備え、
前記放電電極を、人工血管本体を収容する外筒の一方の端部に取り付け、前記対向電極を前記外筒から離間した状態として放電させることにより、前記外筒内にプラズマを発生させて、前記人工血管本体の内壁に炭素質膜を形成し、
前記炭素質膜に被覆された内壁は、水蒸気吸着等温線が脱離ヒステリシスを有する、人工血管の製造装置。
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WO2022239490A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-17 | デンカ株式会社 | 模擬血管及びそれを用いた潰瘍モデル |
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