JP2019532898A - 高い中間膜厚さ係数を有する遮音パネル - Google Patents
高い中間膜厚さ係数を有する遮音パネル Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019532898A JP2019532898A JP2019520676A JP2019520676A JP2019532898A JP 2019532898 A JP2019532898 A JP 2019532898A JP 2019520676 A JP2019520676 A JP 2019520676A JP 2019520676 A JP2019520676 A JP 2019520676A JP 2019532898 A JP2019532898 A JP 2019532898A
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Images
Classifications
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
- B32B2307/102—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
fc=c2/2π×[ρs/B]1/2 (1)
(式中、cは空気中の音速であり、ρsはガラスパネルの面密度であり、Bはガラスパネルの曲げ剛性である)
によって表すことができる。一般に、コインシデンス周波数はガラスパネルの厚さを減少させると増加する。自動車用グレージングに関しては、コインシデンス周波数は通常は3150〜6300Hzの範囲であり、これは十分に2000〜8000Hzの風切音の周波数範囲内である。(窓のような)建築物用積層ガラスに関しては、コインシデンス周波数は一般に約3150Hz未満である。
ガラスの対称度(SG)=H3/H1 (2)
(式中、H3はより薄い(第1の)ガラス基材の呼び厚さであり、H1はより厚い(第2の)ガラス基材の厚さであり、H3≦H1である)
によって定められる。図1aは対称構造を有するパネルの断面を示し、図1bは非対称構造を有するパネルの断面を示す。
SI=t2/t1 (3)
(式中、t2はコア層の中心面からより薄い硬質層の外表面までの厚さであり、t1はコア層の中心面からより厚い硬質層の外表面までの厚さであり、t2≦t1である)
によって示すことができる。対称の多層遮音中間膜(例えばコア層の対称度が1に等しい)は、コア層の中心面(PC)が多層中間膜の幾何中心面(PI)に重なっていて、コア層の中心面から硬質層の外表面の一方までの厚さ(t1、t2)の、コア層の中心面から硬質層の他の外表面までの厚さに対する比が1である(図2aを参照)ことを特徴とする。t1=t2の場合には、SI=1である。
ρs=(H3+H1)×ρg/1000+H2×ρI/1000 (4)
(式中、ρgはガラスの密度(kg/m3)であり、ρIは中間膜の密度(kg/m3)であり、H3及びH1は2つのガラスシートの厚さ(mm)であり、H2は中間膜の厚さ(ミリメートル)である)
によって計算することができる。
If=(H2−0.84)÷[(H1+H3)(H1+H2+H3)]×100 (5)
(式中、H1、H2、及びH3は上記に規定した通りである)
にしたがって求められる。0.84mm以下の厚さを有する中間膜を含むガラスパネルに関しては、積層ガラスのSTLの向上に対する中間膜厚さの寄与はゼロ(0)である。中間膜厚さ係数の寄与を示すために、次の例を考える。第1の例においては、2.1mm/1.6mmのガラスパネルが厚さ1mmの中間膜を有し、面密度は10.3kg/m2、Ifは0.92である。この例においては、中間膜は面密度に10.3%寄与する。第2の例においては、2.3mm/2.3mmのガラスパネルが、厚さ1mmの中間膜、12.6kg/m2の面密度、及び0.62の中間膜厚さ係数を有し、中間膜は面密度に8.5%寄与する。第1の例において、より大きな中間膜からの寄与がある。他の例においては、厚さ3.1mmの中間膜、12.6kg/m2の面密度、9.0の中間膜厚さ係数を有する2.1mm/1.6mmのガラスパネルに関しては、中間膜は面密度に26.2%寄与し、一方で、厚さ1mmの中間膜、12.6kg/m2の面密度、0.62の中間膜厚さ係数を有する2.3mm/2.3mmのガラスパネルに関しては、中間膜は面密度に8.5%しか寄与しない。ここでも、第1のパネルは第2のパネルよりも大きな中間膜から面密度への寄与を有する。
[0101]本発明はまた、下記の態様1〜15も包含する。
[0104]態様3は、非対称遮音多層パネルであって、第1の厚さH3を有する第1の硬質基材;第2の厚さH1を有する第2の硬質基材(ここでH3<H1);及び、前記第1の硬質基材と前記第2の硬質基材の間の、厚さH2を有する多層遮音中間膜;を含み;前記多層中間膜は、硬質層厚さを有する第1の硬質層、第2の硬質層厚さを有する第2の硬質層、及び前記第1の硬質層と前記第2の硬質層の間の軟質層を含み、前記軟質層は前記中間膜内の非中心位置に配置されており;前記多層パネルは、少なくとも0.80の中間膜厚さ係数If(ここで、If=(H2−0.84)÷[(H1+H3)(H1+H2+H3)]×100)を有する上記非対称遮音多層パネルである。
[0106]態様5は、H3<H1である、態様1〜4の特徴のいずれかを含む多層パネルである。
[0108]態様7は、H1に対するH3の比が0.23〜0.95である、態様1〜6の特徴のいずれかを含む多層パネルである。
[0111]態様10は、前記軟質層のガラス転移温度が20℃未満である、態様1〜9の特徴のいずれかを含む多層パネルである。
[0115]態様14は、前記中間膜が、硬質層厚さを有する第1の硬質層、第2の硬質層厚さを有する第2の硬質層、及び前記第1の硬質層と前記第2の硬質層の間の軟質層を含み、前記軟質層が前記中間膜内の非中心位置に配置されている、態様12及び13の特徴のいずれかを含む多層パネルの面密度を増加させる方法である。
[0119]下表2に示すように、遮音PVBシート(PVB−2、コアの対称度=1)を種々の厚さの2枚の透明ガラスパネルの対(500mm×800mm)の間に積層することによって、0.23〜1のガラスの種々の対称度(SG)のレベルの比較多層ガラスパネルのC−LG1〜C−LG7を製造した。比較多層ガラスパネルのそれぞれの音響透過損失を、(ASTM−E90によって記載されている手順にしたがって20℃において)200Hz〜10,000Hzの範囲にわたる種々の周波数に関して測定した。25mm×300mmの積層棒材に関して、ISO−16940に記載されている機械インピーダンス測定によって20℃において減衰損失係数(η)を測定した。コインシデンス周波数、及びSTL測定からのコインシデンス周波数における音響透過損失を表2にまとめる。C−LG1、C−LG2、C−LG3、及びC−LG4に関する315〜8000Hzの1/3オクターブバンド周波数領域におけるプロットを図3に示す。
[0124]PVBシート(単独又は組合せ)を、一定の合計ガラス厚さレベルの種々の対称度のガラスの2枚のシートの間に積層することによって、本発明及び更なる比較の多層ガラスパネルを製造した。中間膜は、表3に示すように種々のコア層の対称度の値を有していた。例えば、比較パネルのC−LG8及びC−LG9は、対称のガラス構造(SG=1)及び対称の中間膜(SI=1)(それぞれPVB−5及びPVB−6を用いた)を有しており、PVBシートを2枚の2.1mmのガラスシートと積層することによって製造した。本発明パネルのD−LG1、D−LG3、及びD−LG4も、対称のガラス構造(SG=1)及び対称の中間膜(SI=1)を有していたが、中間膜は、3層シートを形成するために複数のPVBシートを組み合わせることによって製造した(D−LG1に関しては、PVB−5を1つのPVB−4シートとそれぞれの側の上で組み合わせ;D−LG4に関しては、PVB−5を1つのPVB−1シートとそれぞれの側の上で組み合わせ;D−LG3に関しては、PVB−6を1つのPVB−7とそれぞれの側の上で組み合わせた)。比較パネルのC−LG11及びC−LG12は、非対称のガラス構造(SG=0.42)及び対称の中間膜(SI=1)を有しており、PVBシートを3mm及び1.25mmのガラスシートの間に積層して多層ガラスパネルを形成することによって製造した。本発明パネルのD−LG14及びD−LG15も、非対称のガラス構造(SG=0.42)及び対称の中間膜(SI=1)を有していたが、中間膜は、複数のPVBシートを組み合わせて3層シートを形成することによって製造した(D−LG14に関しては、PVB−5を1つのPVB−4シートとそれぞれの側の上で組み合わせ;D−LG15に関しては、PVB−5を1つのPVB−1シートとそれぞれの側の上で組み合わせた)。
Claims (20)
- 遮音多層パネルであって、
第1の厚さH3を有する第1の硬質基材;
第2の厚さH1を有する第2の硬質基材、ここでH3≦H1である;及び
前記第1の硬質基材と前記第2の硬質基材の間の、厚さH2を有する多層遮音中間膜;
を含み;
前記多層中間膜は、硬質層厚さを有する第1の硬質層、第2の硬質層厚さを有する第2の硬質層、及び前記第1の硬質層と前記第2の硬質層の間の軟質層を含み;
前記多層パネルは、少なくとも0.80の中間膜厚さ係数If(ここで、If=(H2−0.84)÷[(H1+H3)(H1+H2+H3)]×100)を有する上記遮音多層パネル。 - 前記多層パネルが少なくとも0.90の中間膜厚さ係数Ifを有する、請求項1に記載の多層パネル。
- 前記多層中間膜の前記軟質層が非中心位置に配置されている、請求項1に記載の多層パネル。
- H3<H1である、請求項1に記載の多層パネル。
- H3=H1である、請求項1に記載の多層パネル。
- H1に対するH3の比が0.23〜0.95である、請求項1に記載の多層パネル。
- 前記中間膜が第3の硬質層及び第2の軟質層を更に含み、前記第2の軟質層が前記第2の硬質層と前記第3の硬質層の間に配置されている、請求項1に記載の多層パネル。
- 前記第1の硬質層厚さが前記第2の硬質層厚さよりも小さく、前記第2の軟質層が非中心位置に配置されている、請求項7に記載の多層パネル。
- 前記軟質層のガラス転移温度が20℃未満である、請求項1に記載の多層パネル。
- 前記軟質層が幾何中心位置を有し、前記中間膜が、前記幾何中心位置から前記第1の硬質層の外表面までの厚さである第1の厚さt1、及び前記幾何中心位置から前記第2の硬質層の外表面までの厚さである第2の厚さt2を有し、t1に対するt2の比が1未満である、請求項1に記載の多層パネル。
- 非対称遮音多層パネルであって、
第1の厚さH3を有する第1の硬質基材;
第2の厚さH1を有する第2の硬質基材、ここでH3<H1である;及び
前記第1の硬質基材と前記第2の硬質基材の間の、厚さH2を有する多層遮音中間膜;
を含み;
前記多層中間膜は、硬質層厚さを有する第1の硬質層、第2の硬質層厚さを有する第2の硬質層、及び前記第1の硬質層と前記第2の硬質層の間の軟質層を含み、前記軟質層は前記中間膜内の非中心位置に配置されており;
前記多層パネルは、少なくとも0.80の中間膜厚さ係数If(ここで、If=(H2−0.84)÷[(H1+H3)(H1+H2+H3)]×100)を有する上記非対称遮音多層パネル。 - H1に対するH3の比が0.23〜0.95である、請求項11に記載の多層パネル。
- 前記中間膜が第3の硬質層及び第2の軟質層を更に含み、前記第2の軟質層が前記第2の硬質層と前記第3の硬質層の間に配置されている、請求項11に記載の多層パネル。
- 前記第1の硬質層厚さが前記第2の硬質層厚さよりも小さく、前記第2の軟質層が非中心位置に配置されている、請求項13に記載の多層パネル。
- 前記軟質層のガラス転移温度が20℃未満である、請求項11に記載の多層パネル。
- 多層パネルの面密度を増加させて、前記パネルのコインシデンス周波数領域における音響透過損失を向上させる方法であって、
H3の厚さを有する第1の硬質基材を用意する工程;
H1の厚さを有する第2の硬質基材を用意する工程;
H2の厚さを有する多層中間膜を用意する工程;
等式:If=(H2−0.84)÷[(H1+H3)(H1+H2+H3)]×100にしたがって前記多層パネルの中間膜厚さ係数Ifを求める工程;
前記パネルの中間膜厚さ係数Ifを少なくとも0.80に増加させる工程;
前記中間膜を前記第1の硬質基材と前記第2の硬質基材の間に配置して予備積層体を与える工程;及び
前記予備積層体を熱及び圧力にかけて、向上した音響透過損失を有する多層パネルを形成する工程;
を含む上記方法。 - H3<H1である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記中間膜が、硬質層厚さを有する第1の硬質層、第2の硬質層厚さを有する第2の硬質層、及び前記第1の硬質層と前記第2の硬質層の間の軟質層を含み、前記軟質層が前記中間膜内の非中心位置に配置されている、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記中間膜が第3の硬質層及び第2の軟質層を更に含み、前記第2の軟質層が前記第2の硬質層と前記第3の硬質層の間に配置されている、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法によって製造される多層パネル。
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