JP2019161688A - 車両に搭載される燃料電池システム - Google Patents
車両に搭載される燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019161688A JP2019161688A JP2018040572A JP2018040572A JP2019161688A JP 2019161688 A JP2019161688 A JP 2019161688A JP 2018040572 A JP2018040572 A JP 2018040572A JP 2018040572 A JP2018040572 A JP 2018040572A JP 2019161688 A JP2019161688 A JP 2019161688A
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- fuel cell
- auxiliary machine
- vehicle
- drive motor
- Prior art date
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
図1は、燃料電池システム20が搭載された車両10の概略構成を示す図である。車両10は、燃料電池システム20に加え、アクセルペダル410と、ブレーキペダル420と、シフト装置530と、ブレーキ装置520と、を備える。
第2実施形態では、制御部300は、ずり下がりを止めるために、ブレーキ装置520を利用する。ブレーキ装置520は、車両10の各車輪に備えられ、車両10を制動可能に構成されている。ブレーキ装置520は、例えば、ディスクブレーキ、ドラムブレーキであり、運転者のブレーキペダル420の操作に応じて制動ライン(図示しない)を介して供給されるブレーキ液圧に応じた制動力で各車輪を制動し、車両10の制動を実現する。制動ラインにはブレーキペダルの踏込量に応じたブレーキ液圧を発生させるブレーキピストンおよびブレーキ液ラインが含まれる。なお、制動ラインとしては、ブレーキ装置に備えられているアクチュエータを作動させる構成が採用されてもよい。
第3実施形態では、制御部300は、第1実施形態の補機消費処理に加えて、燃料電池100の出力電圧が、その上限として予め定めた高電位回避電圧を超えないように燃料電池100を発電させる、高電位回避制御を実行可能である。高電位回避電圧は、実験やシミュレーションにより予め求められ、制御部300のメモリに記憶されている。
図6は、補機消費処理が実行される場合の駆動モータ140のトルク出力制限処理について示す工程図である。第4実施形態では、制御部300は、補機消費処理において、回生制限トルクを用いて、駆動モータ140の出力トルクを決定する。
上記実施形態において、制御部300は、第1状態である場合に補機消費処理を実行していた。これに対し、制御部300は、第1状態であり、かつ、二次電池200への充電が制限されている場合に、補機消費処理を実行してもよい。この場合には、制御部300は、検出部260から二次電池200への充電を制限する信号が入力されたか否かを、予め定められた時間ごとに繰り返し判定し、上記信号が入力された場合には二次電池200への充電制限があることを示すフラグをオンにするように構成されていてもよい。制御部300は、上記実施形態のステップS30、S30a(図2、図4)において、第1状態であり、かつ、充電制限フラグがオンである場合に、補機消費を実行してもよい(ステップS50〜ステップS70、ステップS50a〜ステップS70a)。あるいは、制御部300は、ステップS30b(図5)において、第1状態であり、かつ、充電制限フラグがオンである場合に、高電位回避制御を実行しないようにしてもよい(ステップS80b)。制御部300は、第1状態であり、充電制限フラグがオフである場合には、駆動モータ140に回生電力を発生させ、発生させた回生電力を二次電池200へ充電してもよい。
上記実施形態において、制御部300は、駆動モータ140の回生電力の一部を、充電可能電力分だけ、二次電池200への充電に割り当ててもよい。この場合には、上記式(2)で表される補機消費要求電力は、以下の式(7)のように変形可能であり、上記式(4)、(5)の補機消費要求電力には、以下の式(7)で算出された補機消費要求電力を代入することができる。
上記実施形態において、回生制限電力は、充電可能電力を含んでもよい。
上記第2実施形態において、ブレーキ装置520は、車両10を制動させるためのモータを備えていてもよく、補機消費可能電力と、補機消費要求電力との差分の電力を消費して作動するように構成されていてもよい。
上記種々の実施形態は、適宜組み合わせてもよい。例えば、第2実施形態と第3実施形態を組み合わせてもよい。
20…燃料電池システム
100…燃料電池
101…電圧センサ
110…FC昇圧コンバータ
120…バッテリコンバータ
130…モータ用インバータ
140…駆動モータ
160…ACP用インバータ
170…エアコンプレッサ
200…二次電池
230…FC補機用インバータ
250…FC補機
260…検出部
261…バッテリセンサ
262…温度センサ
300…制御部
310…アクセルペダルセンサ
320…ブレーキペダルセンサ
330…シフトポジションセンサ
340…車速センサ
350…回転数センサ
410…アクセルペダル
420…ブレーキペダル
520…ブレーキ装置
530…シフト装置
610…燃料ガス供給部
620…酸化剤ガス供給部
Claims (5)
- 車両に搭載される燃料電池システムであって、
燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池と並列に接続された二次電池と、
前記燃料電池と前記二次電池の少なくとも一方からの電力によって駆動力を発生するモータとしての機能と、前記二次電池を充電可能な回生電力を発生させるジェネレータとしての機能と、を有する駆動モータと、
前記回生電力を消費可能な補機と、
前記車両に設けられたアクセルペダルの踏込量を検出するアクセルペダルセンサと、
前記車両に対する前進要求と後進要求とを検出するシフトポジションセンサと、
前記車両の車速を検出する車速センサと、
前記回生電力を前記補機に消費させることが可能な制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記車速が負であり、前記前進要求があり、前記アクセルペダルが踏み込まれた場合、又は、前記車速が正であり、前記後進要求があり、前記アクセルペダルが踏み込まれた場合に、第1状態であると判定し、
前記第1状態である場合に、前記アクセルペダルの踏込量を用いて算出される前記駆動モータへの要求電力を含む前記回生電力を前記補機に消費させる、補機消費処理を実行する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記第1状態であり、かつ、前記二次電池への充電が制限されている場合に、前記補機消費処理を実行する、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記車両は、前記車両を制動可能なブレーキ装置を備え、
前記制御部は、前記第1状態であり、かつ、前記アクセルペダルの踏込量を用いて算出される前記回生電力に応じて前記補機へ消費を要求する電力が、前記補機において消費可能な電力よりも大きい場合には、前記補機へ消費を要求する電力と、前記補機の消費可能な電力と、の差に対応する制動力を、前記ブレーキ装置に実現させる、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の出力電圧を検出する電圧センサを備え、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池の出力電圧がその上限として予め定めた高電位回避電圧を超えないように前記燃料電池を発電させる、高電位回避制御を実行しており、
前記第1状態である場合には、前記高電位回避制御を実行しない、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、
前記要求電力を、前記アクセルペダルの踏込量に応じた前記駆動モータへの要求トルクから算出される電力と、前記駆動モータによる損失分の電力と、を用いて算出し、
前記駆動モータのトルク出力を、前記回生電力の上限値である回生制限電力と、前記駆動モータによる損失分の電力と、を用いて算出される回生制限トルク内に制限しており、
前記要求電力が、前記補機消費処理が実行されない場合の前記回生制限電力を上回った場合には、前記回生制限トルクによる前記駆動モータのトルク出力制限を解除する、燃料電池システム。
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