JP2019137279A - ハイブリッド車両 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド車両 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2019137279A JP2019137279A JP2018023277A JP2018023277A JP2019137279A JP 2019137279 A JP2019137279 A JP 2019137279A JP 2018023277 A JP2018023277 A JP 2018023277A JP 2018023277 A JP2018023277 A JP 2018023277A JP 2019137279 A JP2019137279 A JP 2019137279A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- cooling water
- water
- engine
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 216
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/33—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage controlling the temperature of the recirculated gases
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- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0414—Air temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0418—Air humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/0065—Specific aspects of external EGR control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1−1.ハイブリッド車両のハイブリッドシステムの構成
図1は、本実施の形態に係るハイブリッド車両のハイブリッドシステムの構成を示す図である。図1に示すように、ハイブリッド車両2は、車輪16を回転駆動するための1つの動力装置として、エンジン4を備える。エンジン4は、ガソリン又は軽油などの炭化水素系の燃料の燃焼により動力を出力する内燃機関である。図1には、エンジン4が備える吸排気システムの構成が描かれている。
1−2−1.凝縮水抑制制御の概要
エンジン4の運転中には、吸気通路30にEGRガスが導入されている。EGRガスは多量の水分が含まれているため、空気とEGRガスとの混合ガスが冷却された場合には凝縮水が発生する。制御装置100の機能には、吸気通路30内で凝縮水が発生することを抑制する凝縮水抑制制御が含まれる。
図2は、十分な暖機後にエンジン4が休止した場合の気温(外気温度)と、インタークーラ60の内部におけるガス温度と、IC冷却水温度との間の温度関係をそれぞれ丸印で示す図である。ただし、IC冷却水温度とは、インタークーラ60内の残留ガスとの間で熱交換が行われているインタークーラ60内のIC冷却水の温度ではなく、ポンプ64からインタークーラ60に供給されるIC冷却水の温度である。また、図2には、気温、ガス温度、及びIC冷却水温度のそれぞれが取り得る温度範囲が双方向矢印で示されている。この図に示すようにIC冷却水温度がガス温度よりも高い場合には、エンジン4の休止後もインタークーラ60に対するIC冷却水の供給を続行することで、IC冷却水からインタークーラ60内の残留ガスへ熱を供給し、それによりガス温度の低下を抑制することができる。
2−1.ハイブリッド車両のハイブリッドシステムの構成
本実施の形態に係るハイブリッド車両のハイブリッドシステムの構成は、図1に示す実施の形態1に係るそれと同一である。よって、ハイブリッドシステムの構成の説明については省略する。
2−2−1.凝縮水抑制制御の概要
図7は、インタークーラ60における外気とIC冷却水との間の熱交換量と車速との関係を示す図である。エンジン4の休止中、インタークーラ60ではその外部を流れる外気とIC冷却水との間で熱交換が起きる。その熱交換量は、外気の流れる速度が大きいほど、すなわち、車速が大きいほど大きい。熱交換量の大きさは、エンジン4の休止後のIC冷却水温度の低下速度に影響する。図8は、IC冷却水温度の時間による変化と車速との関係を示す図である。車速が高い場合は、車速が低い場合にくらべてIC冷却水温度の低下速度が大きく、IC冷却水温度は外気温度により早く近づいていく。本実施の形態の凝縮水抑制制御は、車速のIC冷却水温度に対する影響を考慮したことに特徴がある。
実施の形態1の凝縮水抑制制御では、1つの例として、IC冷却水温度は、冷却水回路62におけるポンプ64の出口に設けられた温度センサ(図示略)によって計測されていた。温度センサによる計測値と、インタークーラ60において残留ガスとの間で熱交換されるIC冷却水の実際温度との間には、外気とIC冷却水との間の熱交換量に応じた温度差が生じる。温度センサによる計測値の実際温度に対する温度差は、熱交換量が大きいほど、つまり、車速が大きいほど大きくなる。そこで、本実施の形態の凝縮水抑制制御では、温度センサによる計測値を車速で補正し、補正後の計測値をIC冷却水温度として取得する。
IC冷却水温度=計測値×f(車速) ・・・式1
IC冷却水温度=g(熱発生量, 気温, 車速) ・・・式2
3−1.ハイブリッド車両のハイブリッドシステムの構成
本実施の形態に係るハイブリッド車両のハイブリッドシステムの構成は、図1に示す実施の形態1に係るそれと基本的に同一である。ただし、図示は省略するが、冷却水回路62におけるポンプ64の出口には、インタークーラ60に供給されるIC冷却水の流量を調整するための流量調整バルブが設けられている。流量調整バルブは流量を連続的に或いは多段階に調整することができるものであればよく、その種類や構造、駆動方法には限定はない。変形例として、バルブによって流量を調整することに代えて、ポンプ64それ自体によって流量を連続的に或いは多段階に調整してもよい。
3−2−1.凝縮水抑制制御の概要
実施の形態1では、IC冷却水温度がガス温度よりも高い場合、ポンプ64を駆動してインタークーラ60にIC冷却水を供給していた。しかし、インタークーラ60にIC冷却水を供給することによるガス温度の低下の抑制効果は、IC冷却水温度とガス温度との温度差に依存する。温度差が大きければ少ない流量のIC冷却水でも効果が得られるのに対し、温度差が小さければIC冷却水の流量を大きくしないと十分な効果を得ることができない。このため、IC冷却水の流量が一定である場合、温度差に関係なく一定以上の効果を得られるようにするためには、IC冷却水の流量の設定は大きくせざるを得ない。
図10は、本実施の形態の凝縮水抑制制御の制御フローを表したフローチャートである。図10に示すフローチャートによれば、まず、ステップS11においてエンジン4が休止しているかどうか判定される。エンジン4が休止していない場合、本制御フローは終了する。
4−1.ハイブリッド車両のハイブリッドシステムの構成
本実施の形態に係るハイブリッド車両のハイブリッドシステムの構成は、図1に示す実施の形態1に係るそれと基本的に同一である。ただし、エンジン4及びインタークーラ60の冷却システムについては図12に示す構成が採用されている。図12は、本実施の形態に係るエンジン4及びインタークーラ60の冷却システムの構成を示す図である。
4−2−1.凝縮水抑制制御の概要
上記構成のハイブリッドシステムによれば、水経路切替バルブ90,92の操作によって、インタークーラ60に供給する冷却水を2種類の冷却水の間で切り替えることができる。2種類の冷却水のうちの1つは低水温ラジエータ74で冷却された冷却水であり、もう1つはエンジン4を通過した冷却水である。エンジン4を通過した冷却水は、エンジン4の熱を吸収することによって、インタークーラ60の内部のガス温度よりも高温になっている。そこで、本実施の形態の凝縮水抑制制御では、エンジン4を休止させながらの車両の走行中は、エンジン4を通過した高温の冷却水をインタークーラ60に供給することによって、インタークーラ60の内部のガス温度の低下を抑制する。
制御装置100は、エンジン4が運転している通常運転時は、図12に示す冷却水の経路を選択する。この選択により、低水温ラジエータ74で冷却された低温の冷却水がインタークーラ60に供給され、インタークーラ60を通過するガスが冷却されることでエンジン4の充填効率が高められるようになる。一方、エンジン4を休止させながらの車両の走行中は、制御装置100は、凝縮水抑制制御として図13に示す冷却水の経路を選択する。この選択により、エンジン4の熱で温められた高温の冷却水がインタークーラ60に供給され、インタークーラ60の内部のガス温度は高温の冷却水からの熱の供給によって低下を抑制される。これにより、インタークーラ60の内部での凝縮水の発生は抑えられる。
上述の実施の形態では、エンジンは吸気通路におけるインタークーラの上流に過給器を備えていたが、本発明において過給器は必ずしも必須ではない。ただし、エンジンが過給器を備える場合には、インタークーラにおいて凝縮水が発生しやすいため、本発明を適用することで得られる効果はより顕著になる。なお、その場合の過給器には、ターボ過給器だけでなく機械式過給器や電動過給器も含まれる。
4 エンジン
6 ジェネレータ(第1モータジェネレータ)
8 モータ(第2モータジェネレータ)
10 動力伝達機構
16 車輪
22 バッテリ
30 吸気通路
34 スロットルバルブ
36a コンプレッサ
40 排気通路
50 EGR通路
52 EGRバルブ
54 EGRクーラ
60 インタークーラ(水冷式熱交換器)
100 制御装置
Claims (8)
- EGR装置付きのエンジンとモータと制御装置とを備えるハイブリッド車両において、
前記エンジンは、EGRガスが導入される吸気通路のEGRガス導入部よりも下流側において前記吸気通路を流れるガスと熱交換する水冷式熱交換器を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記エンジンを休止させながらの前記ハイブリッド車両の走行中、前記水冷式熱交換器で熱交換されるガスの温度よりも高い温度の冷却水を前記水冷式熱交換器に供給する凝縮水抑制制御を実行するようにプログラムされている
ことを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記凝縮水抑制制御の実行時、前記水冷式熱交換器で熱交換に用いられる冷却水の温度である冷却水温度と、前記水冷式熱交換器で熱交換されるガスの温度であるガス温度とをそれぞれ取得し、前記冷却水温度が前記ガス温度よりも高い場合のみ、前記水冷式熱交換器への冷却水の供給を実行し、前記冷却水温度が前記ガス温度以下の場合、前記水冷式熱交換器への冷却水の供給を休止する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記水冷式熱交換器で熱交換に用いられる冷却水の温度を温度センサで計測し、前記温度センサによる計測で得られた計測値を前記ハイブリッド車両の車速又は当該車速に相関する物理量に応じて補正し、前記車速が高いほど低くなる値に補正された前記計測値を前記冷却水温度として取得する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記水冷式熱交換器で熱交換に用いられる冷却水の温度を少なくとも前記エンジンの熱発生量と、外気温度と、前記ハイブリッド車両の車速又は当該車速に相関する物理量とをパラメータとするモデルを用いて推定し、前記モデルによって推定された推定値を前記冷却水温度として取得する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記物理量は、前記モータの出力である
ことを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記冷却水温度と前記ガス温度との温度差が小さくなるほど前記水冷式熱交換器へ供給する冷却水の流量を大きくする
ことを特徴とする請求項2乃至5の何れか1項に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記ガス温度が露点温度まで低下した場合、前記水冷式熱交換器への冷却水の供給を休止する
ことを特徴とする請求項2乃至6の何れか1項に記載のハイブリッド車両。 - 前記水冷式熱交換器は、前記エンジンが冷却水の流路に含まれない第1冷却水回路と、前記エンジンが冷却水の流路に含まれる第2冷却水回路との何れか一方に選択的に接続されるように構成され、
前記制御装置は、前記エンジンの運転中、前記水冷式熱交換器を前記第1冷却水回路に接続し、前記凝縮水抑制制御の実行時、前記水冷式熱交換器を前記第2冷却水回路に接続する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車両。
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JP6943200B2 (ja) | 2021-09-29 |
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US10876501B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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