JP2019009874A - 非接触電力伝送システム - Google Patents
非接触電力伝送システム Download PDFInfo
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- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
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- B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/39—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer with position-responsive activation of primary coils
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Abstract
Description
図1を用いて本発明の実施形態に係る非接触電力伝送システム10の構成を説明する。非接触電力伝送システム10は、地面(設置面)に設けられる1次側(給電側)の充電ステーション20と、2次側(受電側)の電動車両40と、電動車両40と移動体通信網を介して通信を行うサーバ(情報集約装置)90と、から構成される。図1中、2点鎖線で示される路面(地面)12の下側の構成要素が充電ステーション20を示し、2点鎖線で示される路面12の上側の構成要素が電動車両40を示す。また、電動車両40の左上に図示された構成要素はサーバ90を表す。非接触電力伝送システム10において、電動車両40に搭載されるバッテリ54は、非接触で充電ステーション20により充電される。
2次側制御装置56のメモリ66は、各種プログラムと所定値等の各種数値や、電動車両40の充電履歴を記憶する。充電履歴は、過去に充電を行った充電ステーションの識別IDや、充電日時、充電電力量等を含む。その他に、メモリ66は、充電ステーション20での前回充填時に推定した垂直距離Zの値を、バックアップデータとして記憶する。また、メモリ66は、図2に示されるような電圧値−距離情報をマップMとして記憶する。この電圧値−距離情報は、1次コイル28の基準部位と2次コイル44の基準部位との距離と、その距離に応じた電圧値V_LPEと、の関係を示す電圧値−距離特性である。より詳細には、1次コイル28の中心と2次コイル44の中心との垂直距離Zと、1次コイル28の中心と2次コイル44の中心との水平距離Dと、垂直距離Z及び水平距離Dに応じた電圧値V_LPEとの関係を示す電圧値−距離特性である。
図4及び図5を中心にして電動車両40側で行われる位置合わせ処理を説明する。以下で説明する処理は、電動車両40の運転者が位置合わせ処理の開始スイッチ(不図示)をオン操作した場合に行われる。図3Aに示されるように、例えば充電ステーション20は線82で区画される。運転者は充電ステーション20から離れた位置P1で駐車開始スイッチをオン操作し、電動車両40を充電ステーション20に向けて走行させる。駐車開始スイッチの操作信号は2次側制御装置56に送信される。
は終了し、一連の位置合わせ処理が終了したものと判断する。一方、充電開始スイッチがオン操作されない場合は(ステップS15:NO)、充電開始スイッチがオン操作されるまで待機する。
次に、図6を中心にして、電動車両40の駐車完了後、電動車両40側で行われる1次コイル28と2次コイル44の垂直距離Zの推定処理を説明する。
本発明の実施形態に係る非接触電力伝送システム10は、充電ステーション20に設けられた1次コイル28から電動車両(車両)40に設けられた2次コイル44に対して非接触で電力を伝送する非接触電力伝送システム10であって、各充電ステーション20の設置位置における1次コイル28の路面12に対する高さ(高さ情報)h1を集約するサーバ(情報集約装置)90を備え、サーバ90は、電動車両40の2次側制御装置56から該電動車両40の2次側通信装置68を介して、所望位置の充電ステーション20にて充電を実施しようとする旨を受信したとき、該電動車両40の2次側制御装置56に対し、所望位置の充電ステーション20の1次コイル28の路面12に対する高さ(高さ情報)h1を送信することを特徴とする。
なお、本発明に係る非接触電力伝送システムは、上述の実施形態に限らず種々の構成を採り得る。
例えば、1次コイル28と2次コイル44の水平距離Dの推定に際し、電圧値V_LPEと水平距離Dの特性だけでなく、電圧積分値(LPE電圧に関する位置積分値)VI_LPEと水平距離Dの特性を用いるようにしてもよい。
第2の変形例は、電圧検知器50で検知する電圧値V_LPE、LPE電圧に関する位置微分値dV/dX、電圧積分値VI_LPE、及びシフト位置Sp、から1次コイル28に対する2次コイル44の相対的な前後位置(正負位置)を推定するものである。
変形例に係る非接触電力伝送システム10において、電動車両40の2次側制御装置56は、1次コイル28に対する2次コイル44の位置合わせを行う際に電動車両40が2次コイル44に向かって移動変位し、2次側制御装置56が微弱電力により発生する電圧値V_LPEを最初に検知したとき、2次コイル44からの距離位置を位置合わせの初期位置に設定することを特徴とする。
20…充電ステーション 28…1次コイル
34…1次側制御装置 36…1次側通信装置
40…電動車両(車両) 44…2次コイル
56…2次側制御装置 68…2次側通信装置
90…サーバ(情報集約装置)
h1…1次コイルの路面に対する高さ(高さ情報)
h2…2次コイルの路面に対する高さ(高さ情報)
Z…垂直距離
2次側制御装置56のメモリ66は、各種プログラムと所定値等の各種数値や、電動車両40の充電履歴を記憶する。充電履歴は、過去に充電を行った充電ステーションの識別IDや、充電日時、充電電力量等を含む。その他に、メモリ66は、充電ステーション20での前回充電時に推定した垂直距離Zの値を、バックアップデータとして記憶する。また、メモリ66は、図2に示されるような電圧値−距離情報をマップMとして記憶する。この電圧値−距離情報は、1次コイル28の基準部位と2次コイル44の基準部位との距離と、その距離に応じた電圧値V_LPEと、の関係を示す電圧値−距離特性である。より詳細には、1次コイル28の中心と2次コイル44の中心との垂直距離Zと、1次コイル28の中心と2次コイル44の中心との水平距離Dと、垂直距離Z及び水平距離Dに応じた電圧値V_LPEとの関係を示す電圧値−距離特性である。
変形例に係る非接触電力伝送システム10において、電動車両40の2次側制御装置56は、1次コイル28に対する2次コイル44の位置合わせを行う際に電動車両40が1次コイル28に向かって移動変位し、2次側制御装置56が微弱電力により発生する電圧値V_LPEを最初に検知したとき、2次コイル44からの距離位置を位置合わせの初期位置に設定することを特徴とする。
Claims (5)
- 充電ステーションに設けられた1次コイルから車両に設けられた2次コイルに対して非接触で電力を伝送する非接触電力伝送システムであって、
各前記充電ステーションの設置位置における前記1次コイルの路面に対する高さ情報を集約する情報集約装置を備え、
前記情報集約装置は、
前記車両の制御装置から該車両の通信装置を介して、所望位置の充電ステーションにて充電を実施しようとする旨を受信したとき、該車両の制御装置に対し、前記所望位置の充電ステーションの前記1次コイルの路面に対する高さ情報を送信する
ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。 - 請求項1に記載の非接触電力伝送システムにおいて、
前記車両は、前記1次コイルに対する前記2次コイルの位置合わせを制御する前記制御装置を有し、
前記制御装置は、
位置合わせのために前記1次コイルから送電される微弱電力を受電する際に、前記情報集約装置から送信された前記1次コイルの路面に対する高さ情報に基づき、前記1次コイルに対する前記2次コイルの位置合わせを行う
ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。 - 請求項2に記載の非接触電力伝送システムにおいて、
前記車両の前記制御装置は、
前記1次コイルに対する前記2次コイルの位置合わせを行う際に、前記車両が前記2次コイルに向かって移動変位し、前記制御装置が前記微弱電力により発生する電圧値を最初に検知したとき、前記2次コイルからの距離位置を、位置合わせの初期位置に設定する
ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。 - 請求項3に記載の非接触電力伝送システムにおいて、
前記車両の前記制御装置は、
前記1次コイルに対する前記2次コイルの水平距離と前記電圧値との対応関係を予め備えるとともに、前記水平距離と前記微弱電力により発生する電圧値を位置積分した微弱電圧積分値との対応関係を備える
ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。 - 請求項4に記載の非接触電力伝送システムにおいて、
前記車両は、
前記微弱電力により発生する電圧値又は前記微弱電圧積分値の微分値を算出し、
自車の移動方向と前記微分値により該自車が前記1次コイルに向かう手前側に位置するのか前記1次コイルを過ぎた、行き過ぎ側に位置するのかを判定する
ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。
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