JP2018516256A - 治療用ワクチンとしての使用のためのナノ粒子 - Google Patents
治療用ワクチンとしての使用のためのナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ヒトの健康の分野に関するものであり、より明確には、癌、特に転移癌又は液性癌を患っている被験体における放射線療法という状況下にある治療用ワクチンとしての使用のための、ナノ粒子それ自体又は組成物に含まれるナノ粒子に関係するものである。その使用が本明細書に記載されるナノ粒子は、少なくとも7g/cm3の密度及び少なくとも25の原子番号(Z)を有する材料で構成される。各ナノ粒子は、生理学的流体中でpH6.5〜7.5でのその安定性を与える、生体適合性コーティング剤で被覆される。照射されると、これらのナノ粒子は、特に、転移癌を患っている被験体において、好ましくは、転移癌を患っておりかつ緩和的放射線療法を受けている被験体において、その(根治的)放射線療法が断念された転移癌を患っている被験体において、放射線療法によって(従来的に)処置されていない癌を患っている被験体において、及び液性癌を患っている被験体において、放射線療法単独で得られた癌細胞の破壊と比較して、最適化された被験体自身の免疫系の刺激のおかげで癌細胞の破壊を高めることができる。本発明のおかげで、放射線療法という状況下にある、好ましくは分割放射線療法という状況下にある被験体に投与される照射線量は、周囲の健康な組織にさらに悪影響を及ぼすことなく、癌細胞破壊という点ではるかにより効率的である。本明細書は、加えて、新規組成物及びキット並びにその使用を開示する。
癌は、2012年の死者数のうち820万人を占める、世界で一番多い死亡原因である。年間の癌の症例は、2012年の1400万件から次の20年以内には2200万件に上昇すると予想されている(WHO)。癌は、局所的に成長し、かつ/又は、リンパ系経路若しくは血行性経路を通じて全身的に伝播し得る。
−合併症のない骨転移に対して1×8Gy、5〜6×4Gy、10×3Gyを1日から最大で2週間;
−全脳放射線療法に対して5×4Gy;10×3Gy、15×2.5Gyを1週間から最大で3週間;
−気道閉塞、上大静脈症候群を引き起こす肺における進行癌に対して2×7.5〜8.5Gy、10×3Gy、15×2.5Gyを1週間から最大で3週間;
−疼痛、閉塞の症状、出血を引き起こす内臓転移に対して1×8〜10Gy、5×4Gy、10×3Gy、15〜30×2〜3Gyを1日から最大で6週間;
−良好な一般状態、期待される長期予後及び/又はわずかな転移を有する患者に対して一般的に施行される定位固定放射線療法について1〜5×6〜24Gyを1から最大で5日(Sonam Sharma et al. Seminars in Oncology 2014, Table 3)。
本発明者等は、今般、治療用ワクチンとしての、それ自体又は組成物(典型的には、治療用組成物、特にワクチン組成物である)に含まれる、ナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体の、癌を患っておりかつ放射線療法に曝露された被験体における、有利な使用を本明細書に記載する。該ナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体、並びにナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体を含む組成物は、典型的には、癌を処置するための使用のためのものである。このようなナノ粒子と放射線療法との併用は、宿主の抗癌免疫応答を大きく増強させ、かつ、包括的な処置を、特に、電離放射線量が1.8〜30Gray(Gy)、好ましくは1.8〜20Gray(Gy)、典型的には2〜15Gray(Gy)の範囲にある少なくとも1つの照射工程を含む分割放射線療法という状況下において、最適化する。本発明は、科学技術によって許容されるアブスコパル効果のおかげで広汎性の全身性疾患(本明細書上記に定義される通り)へと進展した転移癌に対して及び液性癌に対して特に効率的であり、そして、完全かつ永続的な抗腫瘍活性に有利に働く。
放射線療法
癌、特に転移癌、好ましくは広汎性の全身性疾患へと進展した転移癌、又は液性癌を患っている被験体における、放射線療法という状況下にある、すなわち、ナノ粒子が投与され、次いで放射線療法に曝露される被験体における、治療用組成物又はワクチン(組成物)としての使用のための、ナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体、並びにこのようなナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体を含む任意の組成物が本明細書に記載される。言い換えれば、治療用ワクチンとして使用可能になるために、ナノ粒子は、電離放射線に曝露されるべきであり、すなわち、ナノ粒子が放射線療法と併用されることを意味する。
本発明の状況下で使用されるナノ粒子は、有利なことには、少なくとも7g/cm3の密度及び少なくとも25の原子番号(Z)を有する材料で構成される。ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体は、生理学的流体中でpH6.5〜7.5での安定性をナノ粒子に与える、生体適合性コーティング剤で被覆される。
[式中、
fnは、各元素と関連する電子の総数の割合であり、そして
Znは、各元素の原子番号である]
本発明者等はまた、本明細書に定義される通りの癌、好ましくは転移癌又は液性癌を患っている被験体における、本明細書に定義される通りの放射線療法、典型的には分割放射線療法という状況下にある使用のための、治療用組成物、典型的にはワクチン組成物であって、(i)ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体であって、各ナノ粒子が少なくとも7g/cm3の密度及び少なくとも25の原子番号(Z)を有する材料で構成され、そして、各ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体が、生理学的流体中でpH6.5〜7.5での安定性をナノ粒子に与える、生体適合性コーティング剤で被覆されている、ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体を、好ましくは(ii)薬学的に許容し得る担体又はビヒクルと一緒に含む、組成物を本明細書に記載する。
本発明者等はまた、(i)少なくとも7g/cm3の密度及び少なくとも25の原子番号(Z)を有する材料で構成されるナノ粒子若しくはナノ粒子の凝集体であって、各々が、生理学的流体中でpH6.5〜7.5での安定性をナノ粒子に与える、生体適合性コーティング剤で被覆される、ナノ粒子若しくはナノ粒子の凝集体、又は本明細書に記載される通りのワクチン組成物を、好ましくは(ii)本明細書に記載される通りの少なくとも1つの免疫療法薬及び/若しくは癌を処置するための治療剤と、場合により(iii)放射線療法という状況下においてワクチン接種を実施するための説明書を提供するリーフレットと一緒に含むワクチンキットを本明細書に記載する。
本明細書に記載される通りのナノ粒子若しくはナノ粒子の凝集体又はこのようなナノ粒子若しくはナノ粒子の凝集体を含む組成物は、有利なことには、放射線療法、典型的には分割放射線療法が適用される前に、癌細胞と接触させる。ナノ粒子と癌細胞との接触は、生検若しくは血液試料採取に続いてエクスビボで実施するか、あるいは、全身的か又は腫瘍、腫瘍床(外科手術による腫瘍切除後)若しくは腫瘍転移に直接的かのいずれかによる処置されるべき被験体への投与を通してインビボで実施することができる。
実施例1:官能化酸化ハフニウム(HfO2)ナノ粒子の合成及び特性決定
水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAOH)溶液をHfCl4溶液40gに加える。最終懸濁液のpHが7〜13からなるpHに達するまでTMAOH溶液の添加を実施する。白色の沈殿物が得られる。
クエン酸ナトリウム水溶液で塩化金を還元することによって金ナノ粒子を得る。プロトコルは、G. Frens Nature Physical Science 241 (1973) 21 から出典されたものであった。
水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAOH)溶液を塩化ハフニウム(HfCl4)溶液に加える。最終懸濁液のpHが7〜13からなるpHに達するまでTMAOH溶液の添加を実施する。白色の沈殿物が得られる。
瀕死の癌細胞からのHMGB1放出を、42 MG BAヒト膠芽腫細胞株を使用して研究した。細胞株42−MG−BAを、Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zelkulturen GmbH German Collection of Microorganism and Cell Cultures(Braunschweig, Germany)から購入した。
5Gy又は10Gyの単回照射線量に曝露させたときの実施例1からの酸化ハフニウムナノ粒子で処置した細胞由来の濃縮された細胞上清において、放射線単独と比較して、瀕死の癌細胞から放出されたHMGB1の顕著な増加が観察される。これらの結果は、放射線療法という状況下においてこれらのナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体を治療用ワクチンとして使用するための合理性を支持している。
瀕死の癌細胞からのHMGB1放出を、HCT 116ヒト結腸直腸細胞株、42 MG BAヒト膠芽腫細胞株及びPANC−1ヒト膵臓細胞株を使用して研究した。細胞株を、「American Type Culture Collection」(ATCC)(HCT 116、カタログ番号CCL−247及びPANC−1、カタログ番号CRL−1469)、又は「Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen」(DSMZ)(42 MG BA、カタログ番号ACC 431)から購入した。
単回照射線量に曝露させたときの実施例1からの酸化ハフニウムナノ粒子で処置した細胞由来の上清において、放射線単独と比較して、瀕死の癌細胞から放出されたHMGB1の顕著な増加が観察される。これらの結果は、多種多様な癌にわたる放射線療法という状況下においてこれらのナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体を治療用ワクチンとして使用するための合理性を支持している。
瀕死の癌細胞からのATP分泌を、HCT 116ヒト結腸直腸癌細胞株を使用して研究した。細胞株HCT 116を、「American Type Culture Collection」(ATCC)(HCT 116、カタログ番号CCL−247)から購入した。
単回照射線量に曝露させたときの実施例1からの酸化ハフニウムナノ粒子で処置した細胞由来の上清において、放射線単独と比較して、瀕死の癌細胞からのATP分泌の顕著な増加が観察される。これらの結果は、放射線療法という状況下においてこれらのナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体を治療用ワクチンとして使用するための合理性を支持している。
「Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death」という表題の文献(Oliver Kepp et al. OncoImmunology 2014)に示されている通り、真のICDを引き起こす特異的な刺激の能力を評価する至適基準のアプローチは、ワクチン接種アッセイに依拠する。この設定では、選択したマウス癌細胞を免疫原性細胞死(ICD)の誘導因子にインビトロ曝露させ、最終的に免疫応答性同系マウス(理想的には、1群当たり5〜10匹)の脇腹の一方(ワクチン接種部位)に皮下注射(s.c.)した。1週間後、マウスに、同じ種類の生癌細胞をチャレンジし、これを反対側の脇腹(チャレンジ部位)にs.c.接種する。腫瘍発生及び成長を、両注射部位において、ルーチンで1〜2カ月にわたってモニタリングする。ワクチン接種部位での新生物病変の発達は、調査中の刺激が、適応免疫の誘発と一致する程度に細胞死を引き起こすことができないことを示す(試験された条件下)。反対に、ワクチン接種部位に腫瘍が存在しない場合、真のICDを促進する検査中の刺激の能力は、チャレンジ部位で発達した新生物病変の数と逆相関する。
ワクチン接種後47日目、6Gy照射単独で処置したマウスでは33%が無腫瘍あったのに対して、実施例1からのHfO2 NP及び6Gy照射で処置した群ではマウスの66%が無腫瘍であった。実施例1からの酸化ハフニウムナノ粒子で処置して単回照射線量に曝露させた細胞でワクチン接種を実施したとき、放射線単独と比較して、無腫瘍マウスの顕著な増加が観察される。これらの結果は、放射線療法という状況下においてこれらのナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体を治療用ワクチンとして使用するための合理性を支持している。
Claims (17)
- 転移癌又は液性癌を患っている被験体における、癌を処置するための使用のためのナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体を含むワクチン組成物であって、該処置が、被験体を、電離放射線量が1.8〜20Gray(Gy)の範囲にある少なくとも1つの照射工程を含む分割放射線療法に曝露させることを含み、そして、各ナノ粒子が、少なくとも7g/cm3の密度及び少なくとも25の原子番号(Z)を有する材料で構成され、そして、各ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体が、生理学的流体中でpH6.5〜7.5での安定性をナノ粒子に与える、生体適合性コーティング剤で被覆される、ワクチン組成物。
- 転移癌を患っておりかつ緩和的放射線療法を受けている被験体における、その放射線療法が断念された転移癌を患っている被験体における、放射線療法によって処置されていない癌を患っている被験体における、又は液性癌を患っている被験体における、癌を処置するための使用のためのナノ粒子及び/又はナノ粒子の凝集体を含むワクチン組成物であって、該処置が、被験体を、電離放射線量が1.8〜30Gray(Gy)の範囲にある少なくとも1つの照射工程を含む分割放射線療法に曝露させることを含み、そして、各ナノ粒子が、少なくとも7g/cm3の密度及び少なくとも25の原子番号(Z)を有する材料で構成され、そして、各ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体が、生理学的流体中でpH6.5〜7.5での安定性をナノ粒子に与える、生体適合性コーティング剤で被覆される、ワクチン組成物。
- 電離放射線量が1.8〜20Gray(Gy)の範囲にある、請求項2に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 癌が転移癌であるとき、少なくとも1つの照射工程が、ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体を含む転移癌の腫瘍部位の1つ、多くて2つにインビボ適用される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 癌が転移癌であるとき、少なくとも1つの照射工程が、ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体を含む被験体の癌試料にエクスビボ適用され、そして、エクスビボで致死的に照射された癌細胞と癌試料由来の関連する細胞上清の少なくとも一部が、被験体における任意の場合による後続の癌のインビボ処置の前に前記被験体に少なくとも部分的に再投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 癌が液性癌であるとき、少なくとも1つの照射工程が、ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体を含む被験体の液性癌試料にエクスビボ適用され、そして、照射された液性癌試料が、被験体における任意の場合による後続の癌のインビボ処置の前に前記被験体に少なくとも部分的に再投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 液性癌試料が被験体の血液試料又は全血液量である、請求項6に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- エクスビボで致死的に照射された癌細胞又は照射された液性癌試料が、少なくとも1つの追加の免疫療法薬と一緒に、被験体に少なくとも部分的に再投与され、エクスビボで致死的に照射された癌細胞又は照射された液性癌試料と少なくとも1つの追加の免疫療法薬が、被験体に同時又は別々のいずれかで投与される、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 電離放射線量が、1分割照射処置当たり1.8、2、2.4、2.5、3、3.2、3.6、4、4.5、5、5.5、6、7、8、10、15及び20Gyから選択される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 転移癌が(i)結合組織を侵し、かつ、線維肉腫、粘液肉腫、脂肪肉腫、軟骨肉腫、骨肉腫、脊索腫、悪性線維性組織球腫から選択され、(ii)内皮又は中皮組織を侵し、かつ、血管肉腫、管肉腫、リンパ管肉腫及び中皮腫から選択され、(iii)筋組織を侵し、かつ、平滑筋肉腫及び横紋筋肉腫から選択され、(iv)上皮組織を侵し、かつ、腺癌、扁平上皮癌及び類表皮癌から選択され、(v)神経組織を侵し、かつ、多形膠芽腫、神経膠腫、神経芽細胞腫、髄芽腫、髄膜腫、神経線維肉腫及び神経鞘腫から選択され、並びに(vi)APUD系を侵し、かつ、甲状腺癌、膵臓癌、胃癌及び腸癌から選択される;又は転移癌が黒色腫である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 転移癌が、皮膚癌、中枢神経系の癌、頭頚部癌、肺癌、腎臓癌、乳癌、消化器癌(GIST)、前立腺癌、肝臓癌、結腸癌、直腸癌、肛門癌、食道癌、男性泌尿生殖器癌、婦人科癌、副腎及び後腹膜癌、骨及び軟組織の肉腫、小児癌、神経芽細胞腫、中枢神経系の癌並びにユーイング肉腫から選択される癌であるか、又はそれに由来する、請求項10に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 液性癌が、血液又はリンパ系細胞組織を侵し、かつ、白血病、骨髄腫及びリンパ腫から選択される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体が、少なくとも1つの免疫療法薬と一緒に、処置されるべき被験体に投与され、ナノ粒子又はナノ粒子の凝集体と少なくとも1つの免疫療法薬が、被験体に同時又は別々のいずれかで投与される、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 組成物が薬学的に許容し得る担体又はビヒクルをさらに含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 組成物が少なくとも1つの免疫療法薬をさらに含む、請求項14に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- (i)少なくとも7g/cm3の密度及び少なくとも25の原子番号(Z)を有する材料で構成されるナノ粒子若しくはナノ粒子の凝集体であって、各々が、生理学的流体中でpH6.5〜7.5での安定性をナノ粒子に与える、生体適合性コーティング剤で被覆される、ナノ粒子若しくはナノ粒子の凝集体、又は請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を(ii)少なくとも1つの免疫療法薬と一緒に含む、キット。
- 少なくとも1つの免疫療法薬が、モノクローナル抗体、サイトカイン、及びそれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項15に記載の使用のためのワクチン組成物又は請求項16に記載のキット。
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WO2024126383A1 (en) | 2022-12-12 | 2024-06-20 | Nanobiotix (Nanobiotix S.A.) | Novel metal oxide nanoparticles and compositions thereof for use as radioenhancers or for visualizing biological tissue |
CN116370625B (zh) * | 2023-03-14 | 2024-10-11 | 浙江大学 | 一种哑铃状的金-氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法及其产品和应用 |
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AU2016269146B2 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
KR20180012823A (ko) | 2018-02-06 |
BR112017025553A2 (pt) | 2018-08-07 |
CA2987331A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
AU2016269146A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
MA43100A (fr) | 2018-09-05 |
EP3302419A1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
NZ738527A (en) | 2022-07-01 |
IL255853A (en) | 2018-01-31 |
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AU2021202582A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
HK1246160A1 (zh) | 2018-09-07 |
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CN118286421A (zh) | 2024-07-05 |
TW201705977A (zh) | 2017-02-16 |
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