JP2018516247A - Hiv融合体を標的とするポリペプチド - Google Patents
Hiv融合体を標的とするポリペプチド Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018516247A JP2018516247A JP2017555557A JP2017555557A JP2018516247A JP 2018516247 A JP2018516247 A JP 2018516247A JP 2017555557 A JP2017555557 A JP 2017555557A JP 2017555557 A JP2017555557 A JP 2017555557A JP 2018516247 A JP2018516247 A JP 2018516247A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2015年4月24日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/152,271号、及び2015年11月19日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/257,474号の優先権を主張し、それらの全内容は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
他に定義されない限り、本明細書において使用される全ての技術的及び科学的用語は、当業者により一般的に理解される意味と同じ意味を有する。本明細書に記載されるものと類似又は同等のいかなる方法及び組成物もまた、本発明の実施又は試験に使用可能であるが、好ましい方法及び組成物が本明細書に記載されている。
本発明は、CD4及び/又はgp41に結合する新規なポリペプチドを提供する。このポリペプチドは、CD4結合部分、gp41結合部分、HIV融合ペプチド阻害部分及びそれらの組み合わせを含む。より具体的には、本発明は、CD4に結合するフィブロネクチンベースの足場ドメインタンパク質、gp41のN17ドメインに結合するフィブロネクチンベースの足場ドメインタンパク質、及びHIV融合ペプチドインヒビター又はそれらの組み合わせ(本明細書においては「コンビネクチン」と称する)を含むポリペプチドに関する。
本出願の一態様は、1つ以上の溶媒接触可能ループの一部又は全てがランダム化又は変異されているフィブロネクチンIII型(Fn3)ドメインを含む抗CD4及び抗N17アドネクチンを提供する。いくつかの実施形態において、非ループベータ鎖の1つ以上における1つ以上の残基もまたランダム化又は変異されている。いくつかの実施形態において、Fn3ドメインは、ヒトフィブロネクチンの10番目の3型モジュール由来のFn3ドメイン(10Fn3)である:
VSDVPRDLEVVAATPTSLLISWDAPAVTVRYYRITYGETGGNSPVQEFTVPGSKSTATISGLKPGVDYTITVYAVTGRGDSPASSKPISINYRT(配列番号1)(BC、CD、DE及びFGループは下線付きである)。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明のアドネクチン分子は、N末端伸長配列及び/又はC末端伸長を含むように修飾され得る。例えば、MG配列は、配列番号1により定義される10Fn3のN末端に配置され得る。Mは、通常、切断され、N末端でGを放出する。本明細書に記載されるアドネクチンはまた、本明細書において切断型C末端又はC末端伸長配列と称される代替C末端テール配列を含み得る。さらに、切断バージョンは、切断形態で治療分子として使用され得るか、又は代替C末端伸長(His6タグなど)が切断バージョンに加えられ得る。いくつかの実施形態において、C末端伸長配列(「テール」とも呼ばれる)は、E及びD残基を含み、8から50、10から30、10から20、5から10及び2から4アミノ酸長であり得る。いくつかの実施形態において、C末端伸長の最初の残基はプロリンである。他のいくつかの実施形態において、C末端伸長の最初の残基はグルタミン酸である。
本発明の抗CD4アドネクチンループ領域CD及びFGのアミノ酸配列には、以下の表1に列挙されるものが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。表1に記載のCDループは、配列番号1によって定義される10Fn3のR30からT49を置換する。表1に記載のFGループは、配列番号1で定義される10Fn3のD67からN91を置換する。
本発明の抗N17アドネクチンタンパク質の全長アミノ酸配列には、以下の表3に列挙されるものが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。表3はまた、抗N17アドネクチンのそれぞれの抗ウイルスEC50値を記載する。
gp41のアミノ酸配列、及びHIV-1の異なる株間のそのバリエーションは周知である。融合誘導ドメイン(多くの場合、融合ペプチド又はFPと呼ばれる)は、標的細胞膜への挿入及びその破壊に関与すると考えられている。膜貫通アンカー配列を含む膜貫通ドメインは、タンパク質のC末端に向かって配置される。融合誘導ドメインと膜貫通アンカーの間に、ヘプタッド反復(HR)領域として知られる2つの異なる領域があり、各領域は複数のヘプタッドを有する。HR1領域を含むアミノ酸配列及びHR2領域を含むアミノ酸配列は、それぞれHIV-1エンベロープタンパク質中の比較的保存された領域である。gp41(クレードBコンセンサス)の外部ドメインの代表的な配列は以下の通りである。
512 AVGIGAMFL GFLGAAGSTM GAASVTLTVQ ARQLLSGIVQ QQNNLLRAIE
561 AQQHLLQLTV WGIKQLQARV LAVERYLKDQ QLLGIWGCSG KLICTTAVPW
611 NASWSNKSLD EIWNNMTWME WEREIDNYTG LIYTLIEESQ NQQEKNEQEL
661 LELDKWASLW NWFDITNWLW YIK (配列番号2)
本発明のHIV融合ペプチドインヒビターは、限定されないが、以下の配列を含む。
本発明のコンビネクチンの種々の成分は、共有結合的又は非共有結合的に連結されてもよい。いくつかの実施形態において、PK部分は、直接的に又はポリペプチドリンカーを介して間接的にコンビネクチンに連結されてもよい。
本発明の抗N17アドネクチン-HIV融合ペプチドインヒビターコンビネクチンのアミノ酸配列には、限定されないが、以下の表4に列挙されるものが含まれる。表4はまた、抗N17アドネクチン-HIV融合ペプチドインヒビターのコンビネクチンそれぞれの抗ウイルスEC50値を記載する。
本発明のHIV融合ペプチドインヒビターに連結した抗N17アドネクチンに連結した抗CD4アドネクチンのコンビネクチンは、限定されないが、以下の配列を含む。
コンビネクチン3151 (配列番号5)
コンビネクチン3191 (配列番号7)
コンビネクチン3202 (配列番号9)
一態様において、本出願は、薬物動態(PK)部分をさらに含む抗CD4部分、抗gp41部分、HIV融合ペプチドインヒビター及びそれらの組み合わせを提供する。改善された薬物動態は、認識される治療的必要性にしたがって評価され得る。しばしば、恐らくタンパク質が投与後の血清において利用可能なままである時間を増加させることにより、バイオアベイラビリティを増加させること、及び/又は投与間の時間を増加させることが望ましい。場合によっては、経時的にタンパク質の血清濃度の連続性を改善すること(例えば、投与直後及び次の投与直前の、タンパク質の血清濃度の差を減少させること)が望ましい。本発明のコンビネクチンは、哺乳動物(例えば、マウス、ラット又はヒト)におけるポリペプチドのクリアランス速度を、非修飾コンビネクチンと比較して少なくとも2倍、少なくとも10倍、少なくとも20倍、少なくとも30倍、少なくとも40倍、少なくとも50倍、少なくとも60倍、少なくとも70倍、少なくとも80倍、少なくとも90倍、少なくとも100倍低減させる部分に結合させてもよい。改善された薬物動態の他の尺度は、しばしば、アルファ相及びベータ相に分類される血清半減期を含み得る。いずれかの相又は両方の相は、適当な部分の付加により有意に改善され得る。例えば、PK部分は、ポリペプチドの血清半減期を、コンビネクチン単独と比較して5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%、120%、150%、200%、400%、600%、800%、1000%を超えて、又はそれ以上増加させ得る。
ポリエチレングリコール
いくつかの実施形態において、抗CD4部分、抗gp41部分、HIV融合ペプチドインヒビター及びその組み合わせはポリエチレングリコール(PEG)を含む。PEGは、市販されているか、又は当該技術分野において周知の方法(Sandlerら、Polymer Synthesis, Vol. 3, pp. 138-161, Academic Press, New York)に従ってエチレングリコールの開環重合によって調製することができる、周知の水溶性ポリマーである。「PEG」という用語は、サイズに関係なく、又はPEGの末端の修飾に関わらず、あらゆるポリエチレングリコール分子を包含するように広範に用いられ、式:X−O(CH2CH2O)n-1CH2CH2OH(式中nは20〜2300であり、XはH又は末端修飾、例えばC1-4アルキルである)で表すことができる。PEGは、分子の化学合成の結果として生じる結合反応に必要なさらなる化学基を含んでもよいし、又は分子の部分の最適な距離のためのスペーサーとして作用するさらなる化学基を含んでもよい。さらにそのようなPEGは、一緒に連結された1つ又は複数のPEG側鎖からなることができる。2つ以上のPEG鎖を有するPEGは、マルチアームPEG又は分岐型PEGと呼ばれる。分岐型PEGは、例えば、欧州出願公開473084A及び米国特許第5,932,462号に記載されている。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明のペプチドは、免疫グロブリンFcドメイン、又はその断片若しくは変異体に融合される。本明細書で使用する「機能的Fc領域」は、FcRnに結合する能力を保持するFcドメイン又はその断片である。いくつかの実施形態では、機能的Fc領域はFcRnに結合するが、エフェクター機能は持たない。FcRnに結合するFc領域又はその断片の能力は、当該分野で公知の標準的な結合アッセイによって決定することができる。他の実施形態では、Fc領域又はその断片はFcRnに結合し、天然Fc領域の少なくとも1つの「エフェクター機能」を有する。例示的な「エフェクター機能」には、C1q結合、補体依存性細胞傷害(CDC)、Fcレセプター結合、抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害(ADCC)、食作用(ファゴサイトーシス)、細胞表面レセプター(例えばB細胞レセプター、BCR)の下方調節などが含まれる。このようなエフェクター機能は、一般に、Fc領域が結合ドメイン(例えば、抗CD4又は抗N-17アドネクチン)と組み合わされることを必要とし、そしてそのような抗体エフェクター機能を評価するための当該分野で公知の様々なアッセイを用いて評価され得る。
DKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (配列番号11)
一態様において、本発明は、CD4、又はgp41のn17ドメインに結合するフィブロネクチンIII型ドメインを含むアドネクチンを提供する。特異的結合特性を有するFn3ドメインを迅速に生成し、試験する1つの方法は、核酸−タンパク質融合技術である。本開示は、核酸−タンパク質融合体(RNA−及びDNA−タンパク質融合体)を利用して、タンパク質への結合のために重要である新規ポリペプチド及びアミノ酸モチーフを同定する、「PROfusion」と称されるインビトロ発現及びタグ付加技術を利用する。核酸−タンパク質融合技術は、タンパク質をそのコード遺伝情報に共有的に連結する技術である。RNA−タンパク質融合技術及びフィブロネクチンベースの足場タンパク質ライブラリースクリーニング方法の詳細な説明のために、Szostakら、米国特許第6,258,558号、第6,261,804号、第6,214,553号、第6,281,344号、第6,207,446号、第6,518,018号及び第6,818,418号;並びにRobertsら, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 94:12297-12302 (1997)、Kurzら, Molecules, 5:1259-1264 (2000)(すべて参照により本明細書に援用する)参照。
本明細書に記載されている種々のタンパク質又はポリペプチドのいずれかをコードする核酸は、化学的に合成され得る。コドン使用頻度は、細胞における発現を改善するよう選択され得る。このようなコドン使用頻度は、選択される細胞型に依存する。特定化されたコドン使用頻度パターンが、大腸菌及び他の細菌、並びに哺乳動物細胞、植物細胞、酵母細胞及び昆虫細胞のために開発されている。例えば:Mayfieldら Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100(2):438-442 (Jan. 21, 2003); Sinclairら Protein Expr. Purif., 26(I):96-105 (Oct. 2002); Connell, N.D., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 12(5):446-449 (Oct. 2001); Makridesら Microbiol. Rev., 60(3):512-538 (Sep. 1996);及びSharpら Yeast, 7(7):657-678 (Oct. 1991)参照。
本発明はまた、コビネクチン又はその融合タンパク質を発現する細胞株に関する。コンビネクチンを産生する細胞株の作製及び単離は、本明細書に記載されるような当技術分野で公知の標準技術を用いて達成することができる。
標的分子(例えば、CD4又はgp41)への本発明のタンパク質の結合は、平衡定数(例えば、解離、Kd)に関して、及び速度定数(例えば、結合速度定数、kon及び解離速度定数、koff)に関して評価されてもよい。本発明のタンパク質は、一般的に、500nM、100nM、10nM、1nM、500pM、200pM、又は100pM未満のKdで標的分子に結合するが、より高いKd値が許容され得、この場合、koffは十分に低く、又はkonは十分に高い。
CD4又はgp41に結合するタンパク質は、様々なインビトロアッセイを用いて同定することができる。好ましくは、アッセイは、複数の候補を同時にスクリーニングすることを可能にするハイスループットアッセイである。
HIV-1感染に対するコンビネクチン(又は個々のインヒビター若しくはそれらの組み合わせ)の効力の試験を可能にする様々な当該技術分野において認められているインビトロ系が存在する。これらには、培養細胞又は末梢血単球培養物中の種々の菌株の実験室由来ウイルス又は臨床分離株の完全な複製を可能にする系が含まれる。さらに、生存可能なウイルスを使用せずに、感染の初期細胞侵入段階を再現する系を用いて、コンビネクチン、個々のインヒビター又はそれらの組み合わせの有効性を分析することができる。これらには、限定されないが、感染性ビリオンを産生できない欠失を含む「偽型(pseudotyped)」ウイルス、又は標的細胞に対するHIV-1特異的融合反応をモニターするために使用され得るHIV gp160遺伝子のみを発現する細胞が含まれる。
当業者は、複製することができ、いくつかの場合においてはHIV感染の症状を再現することができる当該技術分野において認められている様々な動物モデルを知っている。これらのモデルは、本発明のコンビネクチン、個々のインヒビター又はそれらの組み合わせの有効性を試験するために使用することができる。
一態様において、本発明は、HIVの治療に有用なコンビネクチンを提供する。したがって、特定の実施形態において、本発明は、有効量の本発明のコンビネクチンを対象に投与することを含む、対象においてHIV融合を減弱又は阻害する方法を提供する。いくつかの実施形態において、対象はヒトである。いくつかの実施形態において、本発明のコンビネクチンは、哺乳動物、特にヒトに医薬として許容される。「医薬として許容される」ポリペプチドとは、重大な有害となる医学的影響なしに動物に投与されるポリペプチドを指す。
本発明はさらに、本明細書に記載されるコンビネクチン又はその融合タンパク質を含む医薬組成物を提供し、ここで、組成物は、エンドトキシンを本質的に含まない、又は少なくとも適切な規制当局(例えば、FDA)によって決定される許容レベル以下のエンドトキシンを含有する。
本発明のコンビネクチン又はその融合タンパク質を含む医薬組成物は、経口、非経口、肺、経皮、筋肉内、鼻腔内、口腔、舌下、又は坐剤投与を含む標準的な投与技術を用いてHIV患者に投与することができる。好ましくは、本発明のコンビネクチンの投与は、非経口である。非経口という用語は、本明細書で使用するとき、静脈内、筋肉内、皮下、直腸、膣又は腹腔内投与を含む。静脈内又は腹腔内又は皮下注射による末梢全身送達が好ましい。
本発明のコンビネクチンは、キット、すなわち本発明の治療又は診断方法における使用のための説明書とともに、所定量の試薬の包装された組み合わせで提供され得る。
本明細書に記載されている、特許文書及びウェブサイトを含む、全ての文書及び参考文献は、本書に完全又は部分的に記載されているのと同程度に本書に参照として個々に組み込まれる。
コンビネクチン生成/精製
HIVコンビネクチンタンデム-細菌
BL21(DE3)細菌細胞にDNAを形質転換する。
約37℃での細菌培養において細胞を標的OD600まで増殖させる。
培養温度を約30℃に下げ、培養物をIPTGで誘導し、数時間後に回収する。
回収を遠心分離機を用いて行う。
化学的溶解及びMICROFLUIDIZER(登録商標)を用いてタンパク質の回収を行い、続いて、遠心分離又はタンジェント流濾過によって清澄化する。溶解物を直ちに処理するか又は後の使用のために凍結する。
疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー、続くヒドロキシアパタイトクロマトグラフィー及び/又はイオン交換クロマトグラフィーにより精製する。タンジェント流濾過を用いて配合し、濃縮する。
適切な哺乳動物細胞にDNAをトランスフェクトする。
細胞培養において細胞を増殖させる。
遠心分離及び/又は濾過により回収する。
親和性クロマトグラフィー及びイオン交換クロマトグラフィーを用いて精製する。
タンジェント流濾過を用いて配合し、濃縮する。
適切な哺乳動物細胞にDNAをトランスフェクトする。
細胞培養において細胞を増殖させる。
遠心分離及び/又は濾過により回収する。
疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー、続くヒドロキシアパタイトクロマトグラフィー及び/又はイオン交換クロマトグラフィーにより精製する。
タンジェント流濾過を用いて配合し、濃縮する。
コンビネクチン効力アッセイ
MT-2細胞、HEK293T細胞、及びNL4-3のプロウイルスDNAクローンをNIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Programから入手した。10%の熱不活性化したウシ胎仔血清(FBS)、10mMのHEPES緩衝液pH7.55、及び2mMのL-グルタミンを添加したRPMI1640培地中でMT-2細胞を増殖させた。10%の熱不活性化したFBS、10mMのHEPES緩衝液pH7.55、及び2mMのL-グルタミンを添加したDMEM培地中でHEK293T細胞を増殖させた。NL4-3のプロウイルスクローン由来のnef遺伝子の一部をRenillaルシフェラーゼ遺伝子で置換した組み換えNL-RlucウイルスをBristol-Myers Squibbで構築した。改変されたpNL-Rlucプロウイルスクローンを用いたHEK293T細胞のトランスフェクションの3日後に、複製能を有するウイルスを回収した。トランスフェクションは、製造者の指示に従って、Lipofectamine Plus(Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA)を用いて行われた。バイオマーカーとしてのルシフェラーゼ酵素活性を用いて、MT-2細胞においてウイルスを力価測定した。NL-Rlucウイルスを用いて、MT-2細胞を1時間、0.01の多重度で感染させた後、96ウェルプレート中のペプチドに添加した。ペプチドを連続的に3倍希釈し、11個の濃度を三連で播種した。インキュベーションの4〜5日後、細胞を処理し、発現したルシフェラーゼの量によってウイルス増殖を定量した。ルシフェラーゼは、Promega(Madison, WI)のDual Luciferaseキットを用いて、製造業者のプロトコールに変更を加えて定量された。希釈された受動溶解溶液(Passive Lysis solution)は、再懸濁したルシフェラーゼアッセイ試薬と予め混合され、次にSTOP&GLO(登録商標)基質(2:1:1比)に再懸濁した。アッセイプレート上の各々吸引されたウェルに合計50μLの混合物を添加し、Wallac TriLux(Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA)でルシフェラーゼ活性を直ちに測定した。50%有効濃度(EC50)は、阻害ペプチドの存在下で産生されたルシフェラーゼ量を、ペプチドが添加されていないウェルと比較することによって計算された。
コンビネクチン薬物動態の評価
ヒトCD4トランスジェニックマウスモデル
雄性及び雌性ヘテロ接合ヒトCD4マウスをJackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, MEから入手した。
8〜21日の単回IVボーラス用量研究は、様々なコンビネクチンのPK特性を評価するために雌性C57Bl/6 WTマウスにおいて行われた。Fc-コンビネクチン融合体を10mg/kgで投薬し、HSA-コンビネクチン融合体を8.8mg/kgで投薬した。血漿試料をCPD中に回収し、分析するまで-80℃で保存した。
7〜10日の単回IVボーラス用量研究は、標的の存在下で様々なコンビネクチンのPK特性を評価するために、ヘテロ接合性hCD4マウスにおいて行われた。コンビネクチンの用量及び試料の回収方法は、WTマウスについて上記したものと同じであった。
1週間の単回投与研究は、コンビネクチンのPKを決定するために雌性カニクイザルにおいて行われた。1mg/kgの用量後、指示された時間で血清試料を回収し、分注し、MSD又はLC/MS分析のために急速に凍結した。
Mesoscale技術プラットフォーム又は比色ELISAフォーマットを用いてマウス又はカニクイザルの血漿における薬物レベルを測定した。コンビネクチンのペプチド成分に特異的に結合するタンパク質PRD828(BMS)を介してFc-コンビネクチン融合体を捕捉し、ヤギ抗ヒトIgG Fc-HRPコンジュゲート化pAb(Pierce#31413)を用いて検出した。HSA-コンビネクチン融合体をPRD828を介して捕捉し、ルテニウム標識された、HSAに対するヤギpAb(Bethyl、TX#A80-229A)を用いて検出した。5-パラメータ対数適合を用いて標準曲線から試料濃度を計算した。非コンパートメント分析は、血漿モデル及びリニアアップ/ログダウン計算法(linear up/log down calculation method)を用いたPhoenix WINNONLIN(登録商標)6.3(Pharsight Corporation、Mountain View、CA)を利用して行われた。
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