JP2018077977A - 組電池 - Google Patents
組電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018077977A JP2018077977A JP2016217912A JP2016217912A JP2018077977A JP 2018077977 A JP2018077977 A JP 2018077977A JP 2016217912 A JP2016217912 A JP 2016217912A JP 2016217912 A JP2016217912 A JP 2016217912A JP 2018077977 A JP2018077977 A JP 2018077977A
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009782 nail-penetration test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NNJPGOLRFBJNIW-HNNXBMFYSA-N (-)-demecolcine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(=O)C=C2[C@@H](NC)CCC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3C2=C1 NNJPGOLRFBJNIW-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/507—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
- H01M50/51—Connection only in series
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
- H01M2200/106—PTC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、単電池110Bの正極シート120Bと、バスバー170と、単電池110Aの負極シート130Aと、導電性の異物Fとによって、外部導電経路が形成される。これにより、単電池110Bの正極シート120Bと単電池110Aの負極シート130Aとの間が外部短絡する。そして、700A程度の大きな短絡電流E2が流れる。つまり、単電池110Bの負極シート130Bには、単電池110Bの内部で生じる短絡電流E1と、外部短絡によって生じる短絡電流E2との2つの短絡電流が流れ込む。その結果、単電池110Bでは、単電池110Aよりも急激な温度上昇が生じる。このように、導電性の異物が2個以上の単電池を貫通すると、導電性の異物が刺さった方向の上流側から2番目以降に配置された全ての単電池において、外部短絡の短絡電流に起因した急激な温度上昇が生じ得る。
これにより、簡素な構成で本願発明の効果を奏することができる。したがって、組電池の生産効率を向上するとともに、製造コストを低減することができる。
厚み12μmのアルミニウム箔の表面に、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2を含んだ正極活物質層が固着されている正極シートを用意した。また、厚み10μmの銅箔の表面に、黒鉛を含んだ負極活物質層が固着されている負極シートを用意した。次に、上記用意した正極シートと負極シートとを、セパレータ(PP/PE/PPの三層構造の樹脂シート)を介して積層し、積層電極体を作製した。次に上記作製した積層電極体を、非水電解液と共に角型の電池ケースに収容した。
比較例2では、正極シートと正極端子との間にPTC素子を配置しなかったこと以外は、上記実施例1と同様に組電池を作製した。
比較例3では、正極シートと正極端子との間にPTC素子にかえてCIDを配置し、負極シートと負極端子との間にCIDにかえてPTC素子を配置したこと以外は、上記実施例1と同様に組電池を作製した。
比較例4では、正極シートと正極端子との間にPTC素子にかえてCIDを配置したこと以外は、上記実施例1と同様に組電池を作製した。
比較例5では、正極シートと正極端子との間、および、負極シートと負極端子との間には安全機構を設けず、バスバーの中途部にヒューズを配置したこと以外は、上記実施例1と同様に組電池を作製した。
25℃の温度環境下において、上記組電池(実施例1、比較例1〜5)を充電して、SOC100%(満充電)の充電状態に調整した。次に、各単電池の電池ケースの幅広面の中心からやや下方の位置に、熱電対を貼り付けた。次に、25℃の温度環境下において、熱電対を張り付けた幅広面の中心付近に、配列方向xに沿って、タングステン製の釘(直径6mm、先端鋭度60°)を突き刺した。釘は、25mm/secの釘刺し速度で単電池に直角に突き刺し、組電池を構成する5つの単電池全てを貫通させた。この試験を、配列方向xの上流側Uから下流側Dに向かう第1方向に釘をさす場合と、その逆に、下流側Dから上流側Uに向かう第2方向に釘をさす場合とで実施した。そして、釘を刺す方向の2〜5番目に配置された単電池について、釘刺しから0.1秒後の電圧降下量(V)を測定した。また、釘刺し試験の間、各単電池の温度変化を記録した。各方向について、釘刺し試験時の電圧降下量と最高温度とを表1に示す。
比較例1,3では、第2方向に釘を刺した場合には、電圧降下が無く、最高温度も460℃以下に抑えられていた。しかし、第1方向に釘を刺した場合には、電圧降下量が大きく、最高温度も620〜630℃に達していた。
比較例2では、比較例1,3とは逆に、第1方向に釘を刺した場合には、電圧降下が無く、最高温度も450℃に抑えられていた。しかし、第2方向に釘を刺した場合には、電圧降下量が大きく、最高温度も640℃に達していた。
これらの結果から、比較例1〜3、5では、CIDあるいはヒューズが作動するまでにバスバーを介した外部短絡が生じ、このときに流れる短絡電流に起因して単セルの温度が上昇したと考えられる。
10A、10B、10C、10D、10E 単電池(二次電池)
20 正極シート
30 負極シート
40 セパレータシート
42 PTC素子(電気抵抗体)
44 電流遮断機構
50 電極体
60 電池ケース
70 バスバー
Claims (3)
- 複数の単電池と、前記複数の単電池の間を直列に接続する複数のバスバーと、を備え、
前記複数の単電池は、それぞれ一対の平坦な側面を有し、前記平坦な側面が対向するように配列されており、
前記単電池は、それぞれ、
前記一対の平坦な側面を有する電池ケースと、
前記電池ケースの内部に配置されている正極シートと、
前記電池ケースの内部に配置されている負極シートと、
前記電池ケースの内部に配置されている非水電解質と、
前記電池ケースの内部で前記正極シートと電気的に接続され、一部が前記電池ケースの外部に突出している正極端子と、
前記電池ケースの内部で前記負極シートと電気的に接続され、一部が前記電池ケースの外部に突出している負極端子と、
前記正極シートと前記正極端子との間の導電経路に配置されている電気抵抗体と、
前記負極シートと前記負極端子との間の導電経路に配置されている圧力作動型の電流遮断機構と、
を備える、組電池。 - 前記電気抵抗体が、正の温度抵抗係数を有するPTC素子である、請求項1に記載の組電池。
- 前記正極端子と前記正極シートとの間の前記導電経路に、電流遮断機構を備えていない、請求項1または2に記載の組電池。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016217912A JP6528976B2 (ja) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | 組電池 |
CN201711000383.2A CN108075096B (zh) | 2016-11-08 | 2017-10-24 | 电池组 |
US15/794,348 US10530014B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2017-10-26 | Assembled battery |
KR1020170145726A KR101949614B1 (ko) | 2016-11-08 | 2017-11-03 | 조전지 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016217912A JP6528976B2 (ja) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | 組電池 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2018077977A true JP2018077977A (ja) | 2018-05-17 |
JP6528976B2 JP6528976B2 (ja) | 2019-06-12 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2016217912A Active JP6528976B2 (ja) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | 組電池 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10530014B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6528976B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101949614B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108075096B (ja) |
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US11621463B2 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2023-04-04 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Bipolar battery and bipolar battery stack |
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US10530014B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
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