JP2018035808A - ガソリン車用の汚染物質低減装置 - Google Patents
ガソリン車用の汚染物質低減装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018035808A JP2018035808A JP2017233220A JP2017233220A JP2018035808A JP 2018035808 A JP2018035808 A JP 2018035808A JP 2017233220 A JP2017233220 A JP 2017233220A JP 2017233220 A JP2017233220 A JP 2017233220A JP 2018035808 A JP2018035808 A JP 2018035808A
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- twc
- gpf
- engine
- processing apparatus
- exhaust
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- Granted
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- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HEHRHMRHPUNLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;hydroxy-[hydroxy(oxo)silyl]oxy-oxosilane;lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Al].O[Si](=O)O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](=O)O[Si](O)=O HEHRHMRHPUNLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
-
- B01J35/19—
-
- B01J35/56—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/038—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form slurries or suspensions, e.g. a washcoat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、ガソリン燃焼機関(特に、ガソリン直接噴射エンジン(GDI))車用の汚染物質低減装置に関する。さらに、本発明は、将来の排ガス規制法に適合させるための、本発明の低減装置を用いて効率的にそのようなエンジンの排気中の有害化合物を減少させる方法に関する。
【選択図】図1
Description
TWC触媒複合物を基材に施す。基材は、典型的には触媒を作るのに使用される任意の物質であってよく、好ましくはセラミックまたは金属のハニカム構造を含むであろう。任意の好適な基材を使用してよく、それは、基材の入口面または出口面から、貫通して伸びている並行した細いガス流通路を有するタイプのモノリシック基材などであり、通路は、そこを流体が流れるように開口している(ハニカム型流通基材(honeycomb flow through substrates)と呼ばれる)。通路は、その流体入口から流体出口までの基本的にまっすぐな経路であり、触媒物質が薄め塗膜として被覆されている壁によって画定され、結果として、通路を流れるガスは触媒物質と接触する。モノリシック基材の流路は、薄肉の導管であり、任意の好適な断面形状(台形、長方形、正方形、正弦波状、六角形、楕円形、円形など)およびサイズであってよい。そのような構造は、断面の1平方インチ当たり約60〜900以上のガス注入開口部(すなわち、セル)を含みうる。
本発明によれば、ガソリンエンジンの排気ガス流(特に、直接噴射ガソリンエンジンから生じるもの)の処理に特別に適するようにした壁面流微粒子フィルターを含む処理装置が提供される。有利には、ガソリンエンジンの排気ガス流に含まれる粒子状物質を効果的に排除できるようにするものであれば、任意の壁面流フィルター基材を本発明に使用できる。好ましくは、いわゆるガソリン微粒子フィルター(GPF)は、フィルター基材として使用され、ここで、本発明によれば、微粒子トラップと言う場合、ガソリンエンジン中(好ましくは、直接噴射技術によるガソリンエンジン中)の燃焼反応によって生じる微粒子を捕捉するような大きさにされかつ構成されたフィルターを意味する。
本発明によれば、壁面流ガソリン微粒子フィルターおよび上流TWCは、三元機能を備えた触媒を持つ適切な薄め塗膜で被覆されている。両方のデバイスの薄め塗膜は同じものであっても異なるものであってもよい。原則として、本発明の制限範囲内において、ガソリンエンジンの排気ガスを効果的に処理できるならば、任意のTWC薄め塗膜を処理装置で使用してよい。単層設計または多層設計の適切なTWC薄め塗膜は、例えば、欧州特許第1974810B1号明細書、PCT/欧州特許出願公開第2011/070541号明細書、欧州特許第1974809B1号明細書、またはPCT/欧州特許出願公開第2011/070539号明細書に見いだすことができる。さらに詳しくは、背景技術として引用した文献も参照されたい。白金族金属(例えば、RhおよびPd)を含むTWC触媒が使用され、より好ましくは、PdおよびRhのみを含むものが使用される。
実験の手順
排気分析器(AVL/Pierburg AMA4000)を使用して、気体排出物CO、CO2、NOx、THCおよびO2を測定した。排気ガスセンサーを、TWCの2インチ前(2)、TWCの2インチ後ろ(4)、およびGPFの2インチ後ろ(6)に配置する。熱電対と圧力センサーを、温度および背圧の測定のために同様の位置に配置した。付加的なラムダセンサーを用いて空気/燃料比を測定した。Horiba MEXA1000を使用して、PMPにしたがって微粒子数を測定した。微粒子数(PN)は、GPFの後ろで希釈せずに測定したので、MEXA1000の付加的な希釈ステップを用いた。この装置は、時間分解粒子数データを提供することができた。
触媒化GPFの活用の研究には、1.4L GDI車を選んだ。それは、ターボチャージャー付きの2005 MY 1.4L直接噴射エンジンであった。エンジンは、ユーロ4排出用に調節されており、1.25lの近位連結触媒の製品を使用していた。バッグ分析(bag analysis)用のCVS装置、ガス排出成分用の3つのオンライン分析器ライン(未処理ガス、TWCの後、およびGPFの後)および微粒子計数器(Horiba MEXA 1000)(これは、GPFの後に未希釈排気で使用した)を備えた、高ダイナミックエンジンベンチ(high dynamic engine bench)に、このエンジンを取り付けた。PMPにしたがって測定するために、更なる希釈ステップも使用する。高ダイナミックエンジンベンチから示される結果はすべて、少なくとも5つの試験の平均値である。
図1に示した4種類の排気装置に関して、欧州ドライビングサイクル(European Driving Cycle)で測定した排出粒子数を、図2に示す。TWCのみの参考装置における微排出粒子数のプロファイルは、車の未処理の排出と同じである。流通基材上の三元触媒と比べて、測定可能な粒子数の低減はない。ガソリン微粒子フィルターを装備した実施例1〜3では、排出粒子の量が劇的に減少する。図2は、粒子排出物および濾過効率を要約している。全装置についてのNEDCでの微粒子排出プロファイルを図3に示す。各後処理装置の濾過効率は、エンジンの外側での測定値に応じて計算した。各値は、5つのNEDC試験の平均を表す。選択したコーディエライト型のフィルターでは、実施例1の濾過効率は88%であり、排出量(emission)は1.7×1011(個)/kmとなる。薄め塗膜をフィルターに施すと、実施例2および実施例3の場合、濾過効率はそれぞれ、99%および99%に増大し、1.4×1010(個)/kmおよび1.2x1010(個)/kmとなった。どちらの装置も、提案されている制限を問題なく満たす。
欧州ドライビングサイクルで測定されたすべての規制対象汚染物質に関して得られた未処理の排出物を図4に示す。AVL/Pierburg AMA4000ガス分析装置を用いて、0秒〜1200秒の全モード排出データをエンジンの外の位置で収集した。COおよびHC排出物の累積質量はサイクル全体にわたってほぼ直線的に増大する一方、高速での最後の加速段階の間にNOx排出物の質量が著しく増大する。
1: ガソリンエンジン
2: 排気分析器
3: 参照TWC
4: 排気分析器
5: 触媒化されていないGPF
6: 排気分析器
7: TWC
8: 触媒化GPF
9: 区画化TWC
Claims (11)
- 近位連結三元触媒(TWC)と下流の触媒化壁面流ガソリン微粒子フィルター(GPF)とを含むガソリンエンジン排気処理装置であって、
前記TWC中の白金族金属の量が前記GPF中の白金族金属の量より少なくとも5倍多い、ガソリンエンジン排気処理装置。 - 両方のデバイスが前記白金族金属であるPdおよびRhを含む、請求項1に記載の処理装置。
- 前記上流TWCが、エンジン排気口、マニホールド排気口またはターボチャージャーの下流約5〜30cmに置かれる、請求項1または2に記載の処理装置。
- 前記下流GPFが前記エンジンの下流約60〜200cmに置かれる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。
- 前記TWC中のPdとRhとの重量比が8〜40:1である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。
- 前記GPF中のPdとRhとの重量比が1〜10:1である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。
- 前記上流TWCがPd区画を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。
- 前記下流GPFが、平均細孔寸法が14〜25μmである多孔質構造を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。
- 薄め塗膜中の粒子の粒径が、関係する前記GPFの平均細孔寸法より小さい、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。
- 前記下流GPFが、多孔率が45%〜75%である多孔質構造を有する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。
- ガソリンエンジンが排出する有害汚染物質を低減するための方法であって、前記排気ガスを請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の装置と接触させる方法。
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CN104661730A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
JP2015528868A (ja) | 2015-10-01 |
BR112014024554B1 (pt) | 2021-05-04 |
JP6785749B2 (ja) | 2020-11-18 |
KR102107978B1 (ko) | 2020-05-08 |
US9581063B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
WO2013153081A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
RU2014145429A (ru) | 2016-06-10 |
EP2650042B2 (en) | 2020-09-02 |
EP2650042A1 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
JP2020008022A (ja) | 2020-01-16 |
US20150107228A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
KR20150008382A (ko) | 2015-01-22 |
EP2650042B1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
CN104661730B (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
RU2618685C2 (ru) | 2017-05-10 |
EP2836288A1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
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