JP2018009562A - 内燃機関の制御装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 194
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 194
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102100032566 Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000867836 Homo sapiens Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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Abstract
Description
前記制御装置は、前記排気浄化触媒を活性化させる制御として、圧縮上死点よりも遅角側の点火期間で放電火花が発生するように前記点火プラグを制御すると共に、前記圧縮上死点よりも進角側での第1噴射と、前記圧縮上死点よりも遅角側での第2噴射であって、噴射期間が前記点火期間の少なくとも一部と重複する第2噴射と、を行うように前記インジェクタを制御する。
本発明に係る内燃機関の制御装置は更に、サイクル間の燃焼変動に関連するパラメータが閾値を上回ると判定された場合は、前記パラメータが前記閾値を下回ると判定された場合に比べて、前記点火期間の開始時期から前記第2噴射の噴射期間の終了時期までのインターバルが拡大するように前記点火プラグと前記インジェクタを制御する。
しかしながら、この接触が十分でない場合には、初期火炎を成長させる燃焼が不安定となる。初期火炎を成長させる燃焼が不安定となるサイクルが多くなれば、サイクル間の燃焼変動が大きくなる。
この点、サイクル間の燃焼変動に関連するパラメータが閾値を上回ると判定された場合に、当該パラメータが当該閾値を下回ると判定された場合に比べて、点火期間の開始時期から第2噴射の噴射期間の終了時期までのインターバルを拡大させれば、点火期間の開始から第2噴射の終了までのインターバルが長くなり、初期火炎がある程度成長するまで第2噴射の開始が待機されることになる。従って、誘引された初期火炎と放電火花に第2噴射による燃料噴霧の接触が不十分となるような状況が回避される。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係るシステム構成を説明する図である。図1に示すように、本実施の形態に係るシステムは、車両に搭載される内燃機関10を備えている。内燃機関10は4ストローク1サイクルエンジンであり、複数の気筒を有している。但し、図1には、そのうちの1つの気筒12のみが描かれている。内燃機関10は、気筒12が形成されたシリンダブロック14と、シリンダブロック14上に配置されるシリンダヘッド16と、を有している。気筒12内にはその軸方向(本実施の形態では鉛直方向)に往復動するピストン18が配置されている。内燃機関10の燃焼室20は、少なくともシリンダブロック14の壁面と、シリンダヘッド16の下面と、ピストン18の上面と、によって画定されている。
本実施の形態では、図1に示したECU40による内燃機関10の冷間始動直後の制御として、排気浄化触媒の活性化を促進する制御(以下「触媒暖機制御」ともいう。)が行われる。排気浄化触媒は、内燃機関10の排気通路に設けられる触媒であり、一例として、活性化状態にある触媒の雰囲気がストイキ近傍にあるときに排気中の窒素酸化物(NOx)、炭化水素(HC)および一酸化炭素(CO)を浄化する三元触媒が挙げられる。
図4は、膨張行程噴射による放電火花と初期火炎の誘引作用を説明する図である。図4の上段および中段(または下段)には、点火プラグ32による点火期間中に電極部34で生じている放電火花、および、この放電火花によって吸気行程噴射による燃料噴霧を含む混合気から生じた初期火炎の2つの異なる状態が描かれている。図4の上段に示される状態が膨張行程噴射を行わない場合での状態に相当し、図4の中段(または下段)に示される状態が膨張行程噴射を行った場合での状態に相当している。なお、説明の便宜上、図4には、膨張行程噴射による燃料噴霧のうち、点火プラグ32に最も近づく燃料噴霧のみを示す。
触媒暖機制御では、点火プラグ32による点火期間の開始から膨張行程噴射の終了までのインターバルがECU40によって制御される。図5は、点火期間の開始から膨張行程噴射の終了までのインターバル(点火開始−噴射終了インターバル)と、燃焼変動率との関係を示した図である。図5に示す燃焼変動率は、点火期間の開始時期と終了時期を固定しつつ、噴射期間(つまり噴射量)を固定した膨張行程噴射の開始時期を変更することで得られたものである。図5に示すように、「点火開始−噴射終了インターバル」に対して燃焼変動率は下に凸となる。また、図5において、燃焼変動率が最も小さな値を示すのは、点火期間の開始時期(点火開始)と膨張行程噴射の開始時期(噴射開始)を揃える場合(点火開始=噴射開始)よりも遅角側においてである。
ところで、図1に示したシステムにおいて何らかの要因で着火環境が変化して望ましい範囲から外れた場合には、上述した膨張行程噴射による誘引作用にも関わらず燃焼状態が不安定となる可能性がある。例えば、インジェクタ30の噴孔にデポジットが堆積した場合には、吸気行程噴射での噴射量が少なくなる。また、吸気行程噴射の噴射量を算出する際の空気量を本来よりも少なく読み違えた場合にも、吸気行程噴射での噴射量が少なくなる。そして、吸気行程噴射での噴射量が少なくなれば、点火プラグ32の周辺の燃料濃度が薄くなり、初期火炎の成長速度(膨張行程噴射による燃料噴霧と接触する前の初期火炎の成長速度をいう。以下同じ。)が遅くなる。また、吸気バルブ26や排気バルブ28のバルブタイミングに関する学習が不良の場合には、燃焼室20内に残留する排気の割合が増加してしまうので、初期火炎の成長速度が遅くなる。初期火炎の成長速度が遅くなれば、膨張行程噴射による燃料噴霧と初期火炎とを接触させることができず、サイクル間の燃焼変動が大きくなる。
図14は、本発明の実施の形態においてECU40が実行する処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。なお、この図に示すルーチンは、内燃機関10の始動後、各気筒においてサイクルごとに繰り返し実行されるものとする。
ところで、上記実施の形態では、燃焼室20に形成されるタンブル流が、排気ポート24側では燃焼室20の上部から下部に向かい、且つ、吸気ポート22側では燃焼室20の下部から上方に向かうように旋回するとした。しかし、このタンブル流が逆方向、つまり、吸気ポート22側では燃焼室20の上部から下方に向かい、且つ、排気ポート24側では燃焼室20の下部から上部に向かうように旋回するものであってもよい。但しこの場合は、点火プラグ32の配置箇所を、排気バルブ28側から吸気バルブ26側に変更する必要がある。点火プラグ32の配置箇所をこのように変更すれば、タンブル流の流れ方向において、インジェクタ30の下流側に点火プラグ32が位置することになるので、膨張行程噴射による誘引作用を得ることができる。
更に言えば、燃焼室20にタンブル流が形成されなくてもよい。上述したサイクル間の燃焼変動はタンブル流の形成の有無に関係なく発生するためである。
更に言えば、Gat30やSA−CA10に限られず、点火期間においてクランク軸が60°回転するのに要する時間(Gat60)、点火期間の開始時期からMFBが5%に到達するまでのクランク角期間(SA−CA5)や、点火期間の開始時期からMFBが15%に到達するまでのクランク角期間(SA−CA15)を用いてもよい。このように、膨張行程噴射による燃料噴霧と初期火炎の接触状態を判定できるパラメータ(サイクル間の燃焼変動に関連するパラメータ)であれば、上記実施の形態での着火環境の変化に関する判定の指標として用いることができる。
12 気筒
14 シリンダブロック
16 シリンダヘッド
18 ピストン
20 燃焼室
22 吸気ポート
24 排気ポート
30 インジェクタ
32 点火プラグ
34 電極部
36 スロート
40 ECU
42 クランク角センサ
44 アクセル開度センサ
46 温度センサ
Claims (4)
- 燃焼室上部に設けられて複数の噴孔から筒内に燃料を噴射するインジェクタと、
放電火花を用いて筒内の混合気に点火する点火プラグであって、前記複数の噴孔から噴射される燃料の下流、且つ、前記複数の噴孔から噴射された燃料噴霧のうち前記点火プラグに最も近づく燃料噴霧の外郭面よりも上方に設けられる点火プラグと、
前記燃焼室からの排気を浄化する排気浄化触媒と、を備える内燃機関を制御する内燃機関の制御装置であって、
前記制御装置は、前記排気浄化触媒を活性化させる制御として、圧縮上死点よりも遅角側の点火期間で放電火花が発生するように前記点火プラグを制御すると共に、前記圧縮上死点よりも進角側での第1噴射と、前記圧縮上死点よりも遅角側での第2噴射であって、噴射期間が前記点火期間の少なくとも一部と重複する第2噴射と、を行うように前記インジェクタを制御し、
前記制御装置は更に、サイクル間の燃焼変動に関連するパラメータが閾値を上回ると判定された場合は、前記パラメータが前記閾値を下回ると判定された場合に比べて、前記点火期間の開始時期から前記第2噴射の噴射期間の終了時期までのインターバルが拡大するように前記点火プラグと前記インジェクタを制御することを特徴とする内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記パラメータが前記閾値を上回る場合は、前記パラメータと前記閾値の乖離量に応じて前記インターバルの拡大量を変更することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記第2噴射の終了時期が、前記点火期間の終了時期よりも進角側であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記パラメータが、クランク軸が所定角度回転するまでに要する時間のばらつき、または、前記点火期間の開始時期から燃焼質量割合が所定割合に到達するまでのクランク角期間のばらつきであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3何れか1項に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
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