JP2017524826A - 本体のコーティング方法、その方法のための顆粒および顆粒の作製方法 - Google Patents
本体のコーティング方法、その方法のための顆粒および顆粒の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017524826A JP2017524826A JP2017514948A JP2017514948A JP2017524826A JP 2017524826 A JP2017524826 A JP 2017524826A JP 2017514948 A JP2017514948 A JP 2017514948A JP 2017514948 A JP2017514948 A JP 2017514948A JP 2017524826 A JP2017524826 A JP 2017524826A
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- granules
- group metal
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- granule
- plasma
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Classifications
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- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
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- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
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- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
a.混合:0.8ミクロンの平均粒径を有する144kgの炭化タングステン(WC)、約1ミクロンの平均粒径を有する30kgの鉄(Fe)粉末、1〜2ミクロンの平均粒径を有する15kgの炭化クロム(Cr3C2)粉末、6kgのケイ素(Si)粉末および4kgのパラフィンワックスを、粉砕媒体としてアルコール、および、800kgの合計質量を有する複数のセメント炭化タングステンボールを用いたアトリタ製粉機(attritor mill)で粉末を一緒に3時間粉砕することで混合し、前駆材料スラリーを得た。スラリーを乾燥させて混合粉末を得、および凝集体を粉砕してゆるい粉末を得た。
b.第1の顆粒化:粉末を結合材料と一緒に回転ドラム内で回転させることで顆粒化し、ふるいにかけて、約75〜約225ミクロンの平均サイズを有する複数の顆粒を得、複数の「未完成の」顆粒(すなわち、結合材料によってまとまっている粉末粒子を含んでなる顆粒)を得た。
c.予備加熱処理:未完成の顆粒を黒鉛の箱に配置し、1020℃の温度まで加熱した。この温度は、材料の液体相焼結が実質的に一切起こらないよう十分低く、かつ、実質的に全ての結合材料が取り除かれるよう十分高く、粉末の固体相焼結が取り扱いに十分な強度を顆粒に提供するのに十分な温度であった。
d.第2の顆粒化:加熱処理のあと、顆粒をふるいにかけて約75〜225ミクロンの直径を有する複数の顆粒を選択した。
e.焼結加熱処理:選択した顆粒を次いで黒鉛の箱の中に置き、真空下の1160℃で、45分焼結し、顆粒の実質的な液体相焼結を可能にし、焼結顆粒を得た。焼結プロセスの間、一定の量の炭化クロム(Cr3C2)が分解するであろう一方で、比較的少量のWCのみが結合材料に溶解し得る。特定の仮説に限定することは望まないが、可能性として、実質的に全ての炭化クロム(Cr3C2)が液体結合材料に溶解し得、鉄族金属(FeまたはCoといった)、CrおよびCを含んでなる混合炭化化合物材料の結晶化が、材料の固化の際に起こり得る。溶解したWCの量は、およそ5〜8質量%であり、最大およそ1.5〜2.5原子%に対応し、これは、結合材料の溶融温度に実質的に影響を及ぼさないであろう。顆粒が実際よりも実質的に多くの鉄を含有した場合、顆粒の実質的な溶融は高くなり、焼結加熱処理の終わりには、鉄ベース材料の硬くて大きい集合体がもたらされ、集合体を粉砕して第1の複数の顆粒を得るのは大変困難であっただろう。しかし、顆粒に存在する鉄が少なすぎる場合、材料の十分な液体相焼結が起こらず、顆粒は十分な強度を欠けていただろう。例えば、複数の鉄に富んだ顆粒をさらに導入する必要性を避けて、溶射プロセスに関して、たった一組の複数の顆粒を提供および使用しようとした場合、顆粒は、この実施例で使用される15質量%の代わりに、約69質量%の鉄を含んでなる必要があり、顆粒化が実行不可能なほど困難になり得る鉄ベースの硬い本体になっていただろう。
f.第3の顆粒化:焼結顆粒をアルゴン(Ar)雰囲気の50barの圧力下で熱間静水圧加圧(HIP)し、圧縮された本体を得た。圧縮された本体を次いで粉砕し、約60〜180ミクロンのサイズを有する顆粒を、ふるいにかけて選択し、第1の複数の顆粒を得た。
Claims (27)
- 本体をコーティングする方法であって:
各顆粒がケイ素(Si)、炭素(C)、クロム(Cr)、ならびに、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)およびニッケル(Ni)から選択される鉄族金属を含んでなる複数の顆粒であって、少なくとも閾値量の前記鉄族金属がSi、CおよびCrにアクセス可能である時に、Si、CおよびCrの相対量は、Si、C、Crおよび前記鉄族金属を含んでなる溶融相が1300℃未満の溶融温度で形成するような相対量であり;各顆粒は実質的に前記閾値量未満の前記鉄族金属を含む、複数の顆粒を準備すること;
少なくとも前記鉄族金属の第2の源を準備すること;
前記顆粒および前記第2の源の組み合わせを、少なくとも前記閾値量の鉄族金属がSi、CおよびCrにアクセス可能であるように形成すること;
前記顆粒および前記第2の源を少なくとも前記溶融温度まで加熱し、本体と接触した前記溶融相を形成すること;および、
加熱をやめて前記溶融相を固化させてコーティングされた本体を提供すること、を含む、前記方法。 - 前記溶融温度が1280℃以下である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱がレーザービームによって達成されるレーザークラッディングプロセス;前記加熱が電子ビームによって達成される電子ビームプロセス;または、前記加熱がアークプラズマによって達成されるアークプラズマ溶射プロセスを用いることを含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 積層造形プロセスを用いて、物品を作製するよう構成された連続した層のコーティングを積み重ねることで物品を製造することを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記積層造形プロセスが、直接的金属レーザー焼結(DMLS)、選択的レーザー焼結(SLS)または電子ビーム溶融(EBM)を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記顆粒が50〜500ミクロンの平均サイズを有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記顆粒が、少なくとも50メガパスカル(MPa)の平均圧縮強度を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記顆粒が、800〜1500HV10の平均HV10ビッカース硬度を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記鉄族元素の前記第2の源が粒子形態で準備される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記本体が前記鉄族金属の源を含んでなる、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記顆粒が前記鉄族金属の閾値量の20〜60パーセントを含んでなる、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 各顆粒が、ケイ素Si、炭化クロム(Cr3C2)および鉄(Fe)を含んでなり;炭化クロム(Cr3C2)の質量がSiの質量の1.5〜7倍であり、Feの質量がSiの質量の2〜8倍である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 各顆粒が、1〜5重量パーセントのケイ素(Si)、5〜15重量パーセントの炭化クロム(Cr3C2)、10〜30重量パーセントの鉄族金属、および、少なくとも50重量パーセントの、炭化タングステン(WC)、炭化チタン(TiC)または炭化タンタル(TaC)から選択される炭化金属を含んでなる、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記鉄族金属の第2の源を粒子形態で準備すること、前記顆粒および前記第2の源をアークプラズマ溶射装置の供給機構に導入すること、および、前記装置を用いて本体上にコーティングを作製することを含み;ここで、前記アークプラズマ溶射装置は、プラズマノズルからプラズマジェットを作製するためのプラズマトーチ、および、前記顆粒を使用中の前記プラズマジェットに誘導するためであり、開条件の時に供給オリフィスを提供可能な前記供給機構を含んでなり;前記供給機構は、誘導チャンバーおよび移動可能な誘導機構を含んでなり;また、前記誘導チャンバーが前記顆粒を前記供給オリフィスに誘導可能であり、前記顆粒は前記供給オリフィスを通って前記誘導チャンバーから移動し、前記誘導機構の移動に対応して前記プラズマノズルから可変平均距離にある前記プラズマジェットに入り得るよう構成され;前記誘導機構の位置を、実質的にどの溶融相も使用中の装置に接触しないように調節することを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法における使用のための顆粒であって:
ケイ素(Si)、
炭素(C)、
クロム(Cr)、ならびに、
鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)およびニッケル(Ni)からなる群から選択される鉄族金属を含んでなり;ここで、
少なくとも閾値量の前記鉄族金属がSi、CおよびCrに対して利用可能である時に、Si、CおよびCrの相対量は、Si、C、Crおよび鉄族金属を含んでなる溶融相が1300℃未満の溶融温度で形成するような相対量であり;および、
実質的に前記閾値量未満の前記鉄族金属を含んでなる、前記顆粒。 - 前記顆粒が前記鉄族金属の閾値量の20〜60パーセントを含んでなる、請求項15に記載の顆粒。
- 50〜500ミクロンのサイズを有する、請求項15または請求項16に記載の顆粒。
- 少なくとも50メガパスカル(MPa)の圧縮強度を有する、請求項15〜17のいずれか一項に記載の顆粒。
- 1〜5重量パーセントのケイ素(Si)、5〜15重量パーセントの炭化クロム(Cr3C2)、10〜30重量パーセントの鉄族金属、および、少なくとも50重量パーセントの、炭化タングステン(WC)、炭化チタン(TiC)または炭化タンタル(TaC)から選択される炭化金属を含んでなる、請求項15〜18のいずれか一項に記載の顆粒。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法における使用のための複数の顆粒を作製する方法であって:
ケイ素(Si)、炭素(C)の源、クロム(Cr)の源および鉄族金属の源を、液体媒体で結合材料と組み合わせてスラリーを準備し、
少なくとも閾値量の前記鉄族金属がSi、CおよびCrに対して利用可能である時に、Si、CおよびCrの相対量は、Si、C、Crおよび前記鉄族金属を含んでなる溶融相が1300℃未満の溶融温度で形成するような相対量であり;
前記スラリーの前記鉄族金属の含量は、実質的に前記閾値量未満であること;
前記スラリーを乾燥させて粉末粒子の集合体を形成すること;
前記集合体を、前記粉末粒子の中で液体相焼結が実質的に一切起こらないよう十分低く、かつ、前記結合材料が前記集合体から取り除かれ、前記粉末粒子の実質的な部分が互いに結合するのに十分な焼結が前記粉末粒子で起こるよう十分高い、第1の温度で第1の加熱処理にかけること;
前記集合体を、前記第1の温度よりも実質的に高い第2の温度で第2の加熱処理にかけて焼結された本体を形成すること;および、
前記焼結された本体を粉砕して前記複数の顆粒を準備することを含む、前記方法。 - 前記第2の温度が、液体相焼結が前記粉末粒子中で起きるのに十分高い温度である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記集合体を組み合わせて前記第2の加熱処理にかける前に、第1の加熱処理後に、前記集合体を粉砕して、50〜500ミクロンのサイズを有する複数の未焼結顆粒を準備することを含む、請求項20または21に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結した本体を粉砕し、前記顆粒をスクリーニングして50〜500ミクロンのサイズを有する複数の顆粒を準備することを含む、請求項20〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 炭化タングステン粒子を前記スラリーに組み合わせることを含む、請求項20〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記結合材料が、ヒドロキシル基を含むポリビニル化合物材料を含んでなる、請求項20〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の温度が900〜1050℃である、請求項20〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の温度が1050〜1200℃である、請求項20〜26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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US20170029929A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
GB201508804D0 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
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CN107075687B (zh) | 2020-02-04 |
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GB2531621B (en) | 2019-02-20 |
ZA201606991B (en) | 2021-01-27 |
GB201409694D0 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
JP6840787B2 (ja) | 2021-03-10 |
WO2015181077A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
US10781512B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
JP2019163548A (ja) | 2019-09-26 |
CN107075687A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
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