JP2017510672A - 重質油及び残渣油を水素化分解する方法 - Google Patents
重質油及び残渣油を水素化分解する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017510672A JP2017510672A JP2016551819A JP2016551819A JP2017510672A JP 2017510672 A JP2017510672 A JP 2017510672A JP 2016551819 A JP2016551819 A JP 2016551819A JP 2016551819 A JP2016551819 A JP 2016551819A JP 2017510672 A JP2017510672 A JP 2017510672A
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- acid
- metallized
- additive
- oil
- carbonaceous additive
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Classifications
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
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- C10G45/60—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
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Abstract
Description
<50μmの平均粒径を有する粉末化褐炭コークス(例えば「反応性強化微粉化褐炭コークス」としてRWEから入手できるもの)を、比較例、並びに下記の本発明の実施例1及び2のための出発材料として選択した。
10gの粉末化褐炭コークス(平均粒径<50μm)を、110℃の温度において12時間乾燥した後、マッフル炉内で、350℃の温度において空気流下で4時間加熱処理した。
20gの粉末化褐炭コークス(平均粒径<50μm)を、100mLの脱イオン水及び80mLの70重量%硝酸の溶液中において、80℃の温度で6時間の間撹拌することによって酸処理した。固形物を分離し、すすぎ水(すすぎの後にサンプリングした)のpHが一定になるまで脱イオン水で洗浄した。洗浄した固形物を一晩放置し、次に110℃において12時間乾燥した後、空気流下において350℃で4時間加熱処理した。
まず、50±0.1gの減圧残油を300mLのオートクレーブに加え、次に1.2gの元の未処理の褐炭コークス(実施例A)を残油に加えた。純水素を用いてオートクレーブを室温において123.14barg(1786psig)に加圧し、次に温度をまず120℃に上昇させ、ここで撹拌下で30分間保持して添加剤を分散させた。次に、温度を432℃(810°F)に上昇させ、その温度に撹拌下で2時間保持した。これらの条件から得られた転化率(525℃+)は、(ガスクロマトグラフィーを介する高温シミュレート蒸留によって)75〜80%であると求められた。次に、反応器を室温に冷却した。シミュレート蒸留分析のためにより少ないアリコート量の試料を取り出した後、液体及び固体を含む反応器の内容物を、トルエンで洗浄することによって回収した。混合物を、室温において0.45μmのテフロン(登録商標)フィルターを用いて濾過した。固体のケーキを300mLのトルエン中に投入し、超音波浴内において混合物を45分間超音波処理して、固体上に残留するトルエン可溶性の材料を除去した。次に、トルエン及び固体混合物を再び濾過した。濾紙から回収されたコークスを、N2流下、120℃において少なくとも3時間乾燥し、質量を測定して最終コークス収率を得た。
比較例Bと同じ手順を、本発明の実施例4において用いた。しかしながら、本発明の実施例1に記載したようにして処理した褐炭コークスを、比較例Aの未処理の褐炭コークスの代わりに添加剤として用いた。
比較例Bと同じ手順を、本発明の実施例4において用いた。しかしながら、本発明の実施例2に記載したようにして処理した褐炭コークスを、比較例Aの未処理の褐炭コークスの代わりに添加剤として用いた。
Claims (20)
- (a)重質油及び/又は残渣油を、水素含有気体の存在下、250℃〜600℃の温度において非金属化炭素質添加剤と接触させる;
工程を含み;
非金属化炭素質添加剤は少なくとも2nmの平均細孔径を有する、重質油及び/又は残渣油を水素化処理する方法。 - 非金属化炭素質添加剤は、2nm〜10nm、好ましくは2.25nm〜8nm、より好ましくは2.5nm〜6nm、更により好ましくは3nm〜5nmの平均細孔径を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質添加剤は、無煙炭コークス、褐炭コークス、カーボンブラック、活性コークス、石油コークス、炉ダスト、石炭のウィンクラーガス化からのダスト、赤泥、静電フィルターダスト、及びサイクロンダストからなるリストから選択され;好ましくは非金属化炭素質添加剤は褐炭コークスである、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質添加剤は、非金属化炭素質添加剤の重量基準で少なくとも6000ppm、好ましくは6000ppm〜100000ppm、より好ましくは7000ppm〜30000ppm、更により好ましくは8000ppm〜20000ppm、更により好ましくは更には9000ppm〜15000ppm、更により好ましくは更には10000ppm〜13000ppmの合計量の1種類以上の金属を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 1種類以上の金属は、第VB(5)族、第VIB(6)族、及び第VIII(8)族からの金属から、好ましくは第VIII(8)族からの金属から選択され、より好ましくは金属は鉄である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質添加剤は、細孔径分布において少なくとも2つのモードを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質添加剤の積算細孔容積の少なくとも80%、好ましくは少なくとも90%は、少なくとも2nmの細孔径を有する細孔に由来する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質添加剤の積算細孔容積の少なくとも50%、好ましくは少なくとも75%は、少なくとも5nmの細孔径を有する細孔に由来する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質添加剤の積算細孔容積の少なくとも30%、好ましくは少なくとも50%は、少なくとも10nmの細孔径を有する細孔に由来する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質添加剤は、100m2/g〜3000m2/g、好ましくは200m2/g〜1000m2/g、より好ましくは300m2/g〜800m2/g、更により好ましくは350m2/g〜700m2/g、例えば400m2/g〜650m2/gの表面積を有する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質添加剤は、0.1cm3/g〜5cm3/g、好ましくは0.2cm3/g〜2cm3/g、より好ましくは0.3cm3/g〜1.5cm3/g、更により好ましくは0.5cm3/g〜1.25cm3/g、更により好ましくは更には0.7cm3/g〜1cm3/gの全細孔容積を有する、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)の前に、
(i)非金属化炭素質材料を、少なくとも120℃の温度で酸素含有気体と接触させて非金属化炭素質添加剤を形成する;
工程を更に含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 非金属化炭素質材料を、200℃〜600℃、好ましくは250℃〜450℃、より好ましくは300℃〜400℃、更により好ましくは330℃〜370℃の温度で酸素含有気体と接触させる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質材料を、バッチプロセスで、好ましくは少なくとも1時間、より好ましくは1時間〜24時間、更により好ましくは2時間〜12時間、更により好ましくは更には3時間〜10時間、更により好ましくは4時間〜5時間の間、酸素含有気体と接触させる、請求項12又は13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 非金属化炭素質材料を連続プロセスで酸素含有気体と接触させる、請求項12又は13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(i)における酸素の分圧は、約−999mbarg〜約20barg、約−500mbarg〜約10barg、約−250mbarg〜約5barg、約−200mbarg〜約2barg、約−150mbarg〜約1barg、又は約−100mbarg〜約500mbargである、請求項12〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)の前に非金属化炭素質材料又は非金属化炭素質添加剤を酸と接触させる工程を更に含む請求項1〜16のいずれか一項、好ましくは請求項12〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり;より好ましくは、工程(i)の前に非金属化炭素質添加剤を酸と接触させる工程を更に含む、請求項12〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 酸は、水溶液の重量基準で1%〜99%、好ましくは水溶液の重量基準で5%〜95%、より好ましくは10%〜90%、更により好ましくは20%〜70%、更により好ましくは更には25%〜50%、更により好ましくは30%〜35%の量で酸が存在する水溶液の形態である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 酸は、無機酸であり、好ましくは酸は、タングステン酸、硫酸、リン酸、硝酸、塩酸、及びこれらの混合物から選択され、より好ましくは、酸は、硝酸である、請求項17又は18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2nmの平均細孔径及び少なくとも300m2/gの表面積を有する、重質油及び/又は残渣油を水素化処理するための非金属化炭素質添加剤。
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