JP2017503912A - 結晶性リチウム含有化合物を調製するための蒸着方法 - Google Patents
結晶性リチウム含有化合物を調製するための蒸着方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017503912A JP2017503912A JP2016526260A JP2016526260A JP2017503912A JP 2017503912 A JP2017503912 A JP 2017503912A JP 2016526260 A JP2016526260 A JP 2016526260A JP 2016526260 A JP2016526260 A JP 2016526260A JP 2017503912 A JP2017503912 A JP 2017503912A
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/18—Compositions for glass with special properties for ion-sensitive glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C14/082—Oxides of alkaline earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
例として、本発明の実施形態による方法によって結晶性リチウムマンガン酸化物及び結晶性リチウムマンガンニッケル酸化物の薄膜を製造した。
本発明の実施形態により堆積したLMO及びLMNOのサンプルの表面形態を、別の方法で堆積したものと比較して、改善点を確認した。
225℃の基板温度で堆積され、液体電解質半電池又は固体全電池のいずれれかで使用したLiMn2O4薄膜のサイクリックボルタンメトリー及び定電流/定電圧(CC/CV)測定によって、本発明により製造した膜が電気化学的に活性であり、文献に示されるものと均等な容量を有することが示される。
LMOと同じ方法で、本発明の実施形態により350℃の基板温度で堆積したLMNOが電気化学的に活性であることが示された。
前述のサンプルは、約0.15μm/hrの速度で堆積した(特定の例では118分間堆積して300nmの厚さの膜となる)。改良した装置を用いると、堆積速度を大幅に増加させることが可能であった。特に、堆積装置中の部品の異なる形状は、薄膜の製造の最適化を目的としたものであり、蒸発源を基板に近づけて配置する(かつ装置の動作時間能力を高めるためにより大きくする)ことで、より速い堆積速度が可能となる。
前述のように、本発明によると、基板は約150℃〜450℃まで加熱される。実際に選択される実際の温度は、種々の要因によって決定される。実験結果の項で示したように、より高い温度によって結晶性が向上し、より大きい微結晶サイズが得られる。そのため範囲の上部に向かう温度が好ましくなり得る。しかしながら、周知のアニール温度及び基板温度よりも実質的に非常に低い温度(約150℃)でも結晶性材料を製造できることから、エネルギー使用量の削減、従って製造コストの削減に関心がある場合には、範囲の下部が魅力的となる。本発明において使用可能な操作温度の非常に広い範囲も魅力的であるが、その理由は、製造プロセス中の別の処理ステップに必要な温度に基板温度を合わせやすくなるからである。従って、本発明を実施するための操作パラメータを選択する場合に利用可能な自由度が存在し、他の要求に最も適した温度を選択することができる。範囲の下部からの温度、すなわち150℃〜250℃、又は範囲の中央からの温度、すなわち200℃〜300℃、又は範囲の上部からの温度、すなわち250℃〜350℃又は300℃〜450℃を状況により選択することができる。
これまで、結晶性のLMO及びLMNOの製造について説明してきた。しかしながら、本発明はこれらの材料に限定されるものではなく、加熱した基板上に成分元素を直接堆積するプロセスは、結晶形態の別のリチウム含有酸化物の製造にも適用可能である。前述のマンガン及びマンガン+ニッケルの実施形態を、任意の遷移金属又は金属で置き換えることができる。遷移金属の化学的性質は、十分類似しており、その族全体にわたって予測できるため、目的の任意のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物で、本発明の方法を用いて中程度の基板温度で結晶性材料が堆積されると推定することができる。特定の用途に特に興味深い材料は、カソードとして使用するためのLiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2(NMC)、LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2(NCA、)及びLiV3O8、並びにアノードとして使用するためのLi4Ti5O12である。しかしながら、これらの材料を他の用途に使用することができ、別のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物が排除されるものではない。また、リチウム含有遷移金属酸窒化物及び窒素ドープされた材料も、本発明による方法を用いて製造することができ、その窒素源は蒸発源の中に含まれる。別個の窒素源を使用することができるが、その代わりに、酸素プラズマ源の供給材料中に導入して酸素及び窒素を組み合わせて供給することによって窒素を供給できることに留意されたい。
本明細書に示される実験結果は、チタン及び白金で被覆されたサファイア基板、並びに白金パッドを有するケイ素/窒化ケイ素基板に関するものである。しかしながら、好ましいのであれば他の基板を使用することができる。別の好適な例としては、石英、シリカ、ガラス、サファイア、及び箔を含む金属の基板が挙げられるが、当業者であれば別の基板材料も好適となることを理解されよう。基板に対する要求は、適切な堆積表面が得られること、及び必要な加熱に耐えられることであり、その他の点では、堆積された化合物が使用される用途に基づいて必要に応じて基板材料を選択することができる。
平滑な表面形態、並びに良好な充電及び放電容量を併せ持つ本発明により堆積できる材料の結晶性の性質のため、これらの材料は薄膜電池中の電極(カソード及びアノードの両方)としての使用に好適となり、これらが主要な用途になると予想される。本発明の方法は、センサー、光起電力セル、及び集積回路などのデバイス中の電池の構成要素の製造に容易に適用することができる。しかしながら、これらの材料は電極としての使用に限定されるものではなく、本発明の方法は、あらゆる用途で結晶性リチウム含有金属酸化物化合物の層を堆積するために使用することができる。可能性のある例としては、エレクトロクロミックデバイス中のセンサー、リチウムセパレータ、界面改質剤、及びイオン伝導体が挙げられる。
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[7]国際公開第2013/011326号
[8]国際公開第2013/011327号
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[12]国際公開第2001/73883号
[13]欧州特許第1,305,838号
[14]Guerin, S; Hayden, B. E., J. Comb. Chem., 2006, 8, 66
[15]国際公開第2005/035820号
[16]Chen et al., Thin Solid Films 544 (2013) 182-185
[17]Park, Y. J. et al., J. Power Sources, 88, (2000), 250-254
Claims (26)
- 結晶性リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物化合物を調製するための蒸着方法であって、
前記化合物の各成分元素の蒸発源を提供するステップであって、前記蒸発源が、少なくともリチウム源、酸素源及び1種類以上の遷移金属の1つ又は複数の供給源を含む、ステップと、
基板を実質的に150℃〜実質的に450℃まで加熱するステップと、
前記成分元素を前記蒸発源から前記加熱された基板の上に共堆積するステップであって、前記成分元素が前記基板上で反応して前記結晶性化合物を形成する、ステップと、を含む蒸着方法。 - 前記酸素の蒸発源が原子状酸素の蒸発源である、請求項1に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記原子状酸素の蒸発源がプラズマ源を含む、請求項2に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記原子状酸素の蒸発源がオゾン源を含む、請求項2に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記基板を150℃〜250℃まで加熱するステップを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記基板を250℃〜350℃まで加熱するステップを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記基板を200℃〜300℃まで加熱するステップを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記1種類以上の遷移金属の1つ又は複数の供給源がマンガン源を含み、かつ、前記結晶性化合物がリチウムマンガン酸化物である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記基板を実質的に225℃まで加熱するステップを含む、請求項8に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記1種類以上の遷移金属の1つ又は複数の供給源がマンガン源及びニッケル源を含み、かつ、前記結晶性化合物がリチウムマンガンニッケル酸化物である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記基板を実質的に350℃まで加熱するステップを含む、請求項10に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記1種類以上の遷移金属の1つ又は複数の供給源が、スカンジウム、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、モリブデン、テクネチウム、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、銀、カドミウム、ルテチウム、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、白金、金及び水銀の1種類以上のそれぞれの供給源を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記1種類以上の遷移金属の1つ又は複数の供給源が、スカンジウム、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、モリブデン、テクネチウム、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、銀、カドミウム、ルテチウム、及びハフニウムの1種類以上のそれぞれの供給源を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記蒸発源が窒素源をさらに含む、請求項1〜7、12又は13のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記成分元素を前記加熱された基板の上に共堆積するステップが、前記成分元素を前記加熱された基板の表面上に直接共堆積するステップを含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 前記成分元素を前記加熱された基板の上に共堆積するステップが、前記成分元素を前記基板上に支持された1つ以上の層の上に共堆積するステップを含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法。
- 電池を製造する方法であって、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法を用いて結晶性リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物化合物の層として前記電池の電極を堆積するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記電極がカソードである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記電極がアノードである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法を用いて堆積された結晶性リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物化合物の層の形態の電極を含む、電池。
- 前記電極がカソードである、請求項20に記載の電池。
- 前記電極がアノードである、請求項20に記載の電池。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法を用いて堆積された結晶性リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物化合物の層の形態の電極を有する電池を含む、電子デバイス。
- 前記電極がカソードである、請求項23に記載の電子デバイス。
- 前記電極がアノードである、請求項23に記載の電子デバイス。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の蒸着方法を用いて基板上に堆積された結晶性リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物化合物のサンプル。
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EP (1) | EP3092325B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6357229B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR102018371B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105793462B (ja) |
GB (1) | GB201400277D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015104539A1 (ja) |
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JP2020533766A (ja) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-11-19 | ダイソン・テクノロジー・リミテッド | 熱的に処理された構成要素を有する高エネルギー密度の多層電池セル及びその製造方法 |
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GB201400274D0 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2014-02-26 | Ilika Technologies Ltd | Vapour deposition method for preparing amorphous lithium-containing compounds |
GB201400276D0 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2014-02-26 | Ilika Technologies Ltd | Vapour deposition method for fabricating lithium-containing thin film layered structures |
CN109643784B (zh) | 2016-06-15 | 2022-09-06 | 爱利卡技术有限公司 | 作为电解质和电极保护层的硼硅酸锂玻璃 |
GB2572610B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2021-06-23 | Ilika Tech Limited | Composition, methods for its production, and its use |
US10886523B2 (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2021-01-05 | Xerion Advanced Battery Corporation | Electroplating lithiated transition metal oxides using low purity starting precursors |
GB201814039D0 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-10-10 | Ilika Tech Ltd | Method |
KR20210096634A (ko) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-08-05 | 오티아이 루미오닉스 인크. | 재료의 공증착을 위한 방법 및 장치 |
CN109354066B (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-10-25 | 燕山大学 | 一种磷铌氧化物的制备方法 |
US20210343999A1 (en) * | 2020-05-03 | 2021-11-04 | Venkatraman Prabhakar | Systems and methods involving use of nitrogen-containing plasma to treat lithium-ion cell cathode materials |
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EP3092325B1 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
CN105793462B (zh) | 2019-12-24 |
KR20160106126A (ko) | 2016-09-09 |
WO2015104539A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
GB201400277D0 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
EP3092325A1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
JP6357229B2 (ja) | 2018-07-11 |
CN105793462A (zh) | 2016-07-20 |
KR102018371B1 (ko) | 2019-09-04 |
JP2018119213A (ja) | 2018-08-02 |
KR20180049257A (ko) | 2018-05-10 |
US20160340772A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
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