JP2017500384A - 反射防止コーティング組成物を製造するプロセス、およびそれから製造される多孔質コーティング - Google Patents
反射防止コーティング組成物を製造するプロセス、およびそれから製造される多孔質コーティング Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017500384A JP2017500384A JP2016531666A JP2016531666A JP2017500384A JP 2017500384 A JP2017500384 A JP 2017500384A JP 2016531666 A JP2016531666 A JP 2016531666A JP 2016531666 A JP2016531666 A JP 2016531666A JP 2017500384 A JP2017500384 A JP 2017500384A
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Abstract
Description
1)無極性有機化合物A;
エマルジョン安定剤としてのカチオン性付加共重合体C;および
pH2〜6の水性媒体
をC/A質量比0.1〜2にて混合し、その結果、粒径30〜300nmの乳化液滴1〜50質量%(エマルジョンに対して)が形成されることによって、水中油型エマルジョンを調製する工程と、
2)工程1)で得られたエマルジョンに、少なくとも1種類の無機酸化物前駆物質を添加することによって、乳化液滴に無機酸化物シェル層を提供し、その結果、コア/シェル質量比0.2〜25を有する有機/無機コア・シェルナノ粒子が形成される工程と、
を含む、反射防止コーティング組成物を製造するプロセスを提供する。
・第3級アミン基を有するモノマーのような、プロトンと合わさって後にカチオン性基を結合し得るペンダント基を有する化合物など、少なくとも1種類のカチオン性または塩基性モノマー(M1);
・少なくとも1種類の中性または非イオン性モノマー(M2);好ましくは、その相当するホモポリマーが水性媒体に易溶性ではない、無極性モノマー;および
・任意選択により少なくとも1種類の極性、アニオン性または酸性モノマー(M3)
から得られるコポリマーである。
・少なくとも1種類のモノマーM1 1〜25モル%;
・少なくとも1種類のモノマーM2 50〜99モル%;および
・少なくとも1種類のモノマーM3 0〜25モル%(M1、M2、およびM3の合計は100%となる)
から得られるコポリマーである。
・少なくとも1種類のモノマーM1 5〜15モル%;
・少なくとも1種類のモノマーM2 75〜95モル%;および
・少なくとも1種類のモノマーM3 0〜10モル%
から得られるカチオン性コポリマーである。
・本発明によるコーティング組成物、または本発明によるプロセスを用いて得られたコーティング組成物を基材に塗布する工程;および
・塗布されたコーティング層を乾燥させ、硬化させる工程
を含む、透明な基材上にARCを製造するプロセスにも関する。
[有機化合物]
表1は、有機コアまたは鋳型として実験において適用される化合物Aについての関連するデータを示す。
表2は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、欧州特許第2178927号明細書の実験部分に記載の手順に従って得られる、多くのカチオン性コポリマーCのモノマー組成を表す。コポリマーは、濃度約20質量%、pH約4(ギ酸で酸性化された)の水性分散液として使用された。コポリマーは、25〜40kDaの範囲のMwを有した(GPC)。
Malvern Nano ZS動的光散乱装置を使用して、KCl水溶液(1mmol/L)10ml中の分散液1滴について分散粒子の粒径を25℃および後方散乱モードで測定した。本明細書において粒径とは、Z平均流体力学的径として測定される平均粒径を意味する。
EN1096−2に準拠したフェルト試験によって、塗布されたコーティング層の耐引掻き性を評価した。
Shimadzu UV−2450分光光度計を使用して、被覆された透明な基材の反射および透過を評価した。反射率測定付属装置を用いて、入射角5度にて相対正反射率(Relative specular reflectance)を測定した。透過率を測定するために、積分球付属装置を試料コンパートメントに取り付け、入射角は0度であった(試料表面に対して垂直)。
Ultra−turrax unit T25を使用して、ミリQ水14グラム、2−プロパノール1gおよびカチオン性コポリマーC1(Mw約30kDa)21.5質量%を含有する分散液15gの混合物中に、ヘプタデカン1質量%を含有するシクロヘキサン20g(p.a.)を分散させた。それぞれ約15ストロークの9サイクルにおいて、高圧ホモジナイザー(DeBee,圧力30kPsiにて、ダイヤモンドオリフィスを使用し、冷却水を適用して、操作される)を使用して、各サイクル後に温度を40℃に下げて、得られた粗いエマルジョンをさらに分散させた。この結果、粒径(DLSZ平均流体力学的径)265nmのエマルジョン液滴を有する安定なエマルジョンが形成された(多分散性指数,PDI0.28)。このエマルジョンに、コポリマーC1を2g添加し、ゼータ電位>+11mV(pH4)により示される、液滴の完全な正電荷を付与した。次いで、電磁攪拌棒でしっかりと撹拌しながら、得られたエマルジョン35gとミリQ水80gとの混合物にテトラメトキシシラン(TMOS)41.5gを、perfusorポンプを使用して徐々に(90分間)添加することによって、ケイ酸塩化(Silication)を行った。添加が完了した後、撹拌をさらに90分間続けた。混合物100gをミリQ水100gで希釈し、濃HNO36滴で酸性化した。最終生成物のDLSサイズは255nm(PDI0.20)であり、TEM分析から、範囲60〜120nmの粒径を有する球形シリカ粒子が明らかとなった(図1参照)。
実施例1を繰り返したが、TMOS 20.7gを使用した。シクロヘキサンを蒸発させた後、TEM分析によって、実施例1と同様なサイズの中空シリカ球が示されたが、おそらくTEM分析用の試料を調製している間に、シリカシェルの強度が限られているために、その粒子は一部、崩壊しているように見えた。
実施例1を繰り返したが、コポリマーC2を使用した。シクロヘキサンの安定なエマルジョンを得ることは不可能であるように思われた;ポリマーC2は明らかに、エマルジョン安定剤として機能するには親水性が高すぎた。
実施例1を繰り返したが、コポリマーC3を使用した。シクロヘキサンを蒸発させた後、TEM分析によって、実施例1と同様なサイズの中空シリカ球が示されたが、粒子は、あまり規則正しくない形状であるように思われた。
Ultra−turrax unit T25を使用して、カチオン性コポリマーC4(Mw約31kDa)17.4質量%を含有する分散液51.3gに、ヘプタデカン1質量%を含有するシクロヘキサン21gを分散させた。この結果、DLSサイズ202nmのエマルジョン液滴を有する安定な(1週間を超える)エマルジョンが形成された(PDI0.02)。電磁攪拌棒でしっかりと撹拌しながら、得られたエマルジョン35gとミリQ水80gとの混合物にTMOS 41.5gを徐々に(90分間)添加することによって、ケイ酸塩化を行った。添加が完了した後、分散液をさらに90分間撹拌した。混合物135gをミリQ水750g中で希釈し、濃HNO315滴で酸性化した。2.2質量%の最終分散液は、DLSサイズ200nm(PDI0.06)、pH4.0でのゼータ電位+19mVを示し、1週間を超える期間安定であった。試料調製後の、得られた分散液のTME顕微鏡写真から、約100〜150nmであり、かつシェル厚約10nmの球形中空シリカ粒子が示され;一部の崩壊した粒子も示された。
Dispermat混合ユニットを用いて、コポリマーC5の分散液(水中で19質量%,pH3.9,DLSによる粒径44nm(PDI0.06))52.6gとトルエン23.3gを混合し、水180gで希釈し;その結果、水中で乳化液滴約13質量%が生じた。撹拌しながら周囲温度にて2時間にわたって、TMOS 52gをこのエマルジョン100gに一滴ずつ添加した。得られた粒子の粒径は約82nmであった(DLSによる)。得られた分散液を50%硝酸でpH1.8に酸性化し、時間が経つにつれて安定性を示した。TEM顕微鏡写真から、コア・シェル構造、および範囲30〜80nmの粒径を示す球形粒子が明らかとなった(図3参照)。
Dispermat混合ユニットを用いて、コポリマーC5の分散液(水中で19質量%,pH3.9,DLSによる粒径44nm(PDI0.06))113gと酢酸イソアミル50gを混合し、次いで水385gで希釈し;その結果、水中で乳化液滴約13質量%となった。撹拌しながら周囲温度にて2時間にわたって、TMOS 70gをこのエマルジョン180gに一滴ずつ添加した。得られた粒子の粒径は約100nmであった(DLSによる)。得られた分散液を50%硝酸でpH1.9に酸性化し、時間が経つにつれて安定性を示した。さらに、この分散液を水、エタノール、またはイソプロパノールで希釈することができ、安定性を維持することができた(目に見えるフロキュレーションまたは沈降なし)。
ポリマーC5の分散液(水中で19質量%,pH3.9,DLSによる粒径44nm(PDI0.06))52.6gと水173.3g(水中にエマルジョン安定剤約5%)を混合し、続いてTMOS 20gを周囲温度にて2時間にわたって一滴ずつ添加した。約84nmまでの粒径の増加(DLSによる)が確認された。得られた分散液を50%硝酸でpH1.8に酸性化し、時間が経つにつれて安定性を示した。クライオTEM顕微鏡写真から、コア・シェル構造、および範囲25〜90nmの粒径のコア・シェル構造を有する、球形であるが、いくらか凝集した粒子が示される(図5参照)。
実施例6のコア・シェル粒子分散液(成分Aとしてトルエンを含む)をイソプロパノールおよび実施例7に記載のように製造されたTEOSのゾル状の様々な量の結合剤と混合することによって、いくつかのARコーティング配合物を調製した。
Claims (17)
- 1)有機化合物A;エマルジョン安定剤C;およびpH2〜6の水性媒体をC/A質量比0.1〜2にて混合し、その結果、エマルジョンに対して、粒径30〜300nmの乳化液滴1〜50質量%が形成されることによって、水中油型エマルジョンを調製する工程であって、前記粒径が、DLSによって測定されるZ平均流体力学的径である工程と、
2)工程1)で得られたエマルジョンに、少なくとも1種類の無機酸化物前駆物質を添加することによって、前記乳化液滴に無機酸化物シェル層を提供し、その結果、コア/シェル質量比0.2〜25を有する有機−無機コア・シェルナノ粒子が形成される工程であって、前記コアが、化合物Aとエマルジョン安定剤Cの合計であり、かつシェルが、無機酸化物前駆物質に等しい金属酸化物である工程と、
を含む、反射防止コーティング組成物を製造するプロセスであって、
化合物Aが、最大で5kg/m3の水溶性を有する無極性有機化合物であり、かつ前記エマルジョン安定剤Cが、カチオン電荷を有する少なくとも1種類のモノマー単位および中性または非イオン性であり、かつ全体的な正のゼータ電位を有する少なくとも1種類のモノマー単位を含むカチオン性付加共重合体である、プロセス。 - 化合物Aが、非ポリマー化合物である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 化合物Aが、少なくとも10℃および最大で300℃の沸点を有する、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 化合物Aが、最大で3kg/m3の室温での水溶性を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- コポリマーCが、
第3級アミン基を有するビニルモノマーなど、少なくとも1種類のカチオン性または塩基性モノマーM1 1〜25モル%;
少なくとも1種類の非イオン性無極性モノマーM2 50〜99モル%;および
少なくとも1種類の極性、アニオン性または酸性モノマーM3 0〜25モル%
から得られ、M1、M2、およびM3の合計が100%となる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。 - コポリマーCが、
少なくとも1種類のモノマーM1 5〜15モル%;
少なくとも1種類のモノマーM2 75〜95モル%;および
少なくとも1種類のモノマーM3 0〜10モル%
から得られ、M1、M2、およびM3の合計が100%となる、請求項5に記載のプロセス。 - コポリマーCが、アミノ官能性(メタ)アクリレートおよび(メタ)アクリルアミドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類のモノマーM1 5〜15モル%;およびC1〜C18アルキル(メタ)アクリレートからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類のモノマーM2 85〜95モル%から得られる、請求項5または6に記載のプロセス。
- C/A質量比が0.15〜1.0である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記乳化液滴が、35〜200nmの平均粒径を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記少なくとも1種類の無機前駆物質が、アルコキシシランを含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 結合剤として少なくとも1種類のポリマーまたは重合性化合物2〜70質量%を添加する更なる工程3)を含むプロセスであって、質量%が、コア・シェル粒子と結合剤の合計に対するものである、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 結合剤として少なくとも1種類の化合物5〜50質量%を添加することを含む、請求項11に記載のプロセス。
- 前記結合剤が、少なくとも1種類の無機酸化物前駆物質である、請求項11または12に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスを用いて得られる、反射防止コーティング組成物。
- 透明な基材上に反射防止コーティングを製造するプロセスであって、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスを用いて得られたコーティング組成物を前記基材に塗布する工程;および塗布されたコーティング層を乾燥かつ硬化させる工程を含むプロセス。
- 乾燥および硬化が、最大で250℃の温度で行われる、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項15または16に記載のプロセスを用いて得られる、反射防止コーティングされた透明基材。
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EP3071650B1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
CN105745284B (zh) | 2018-11-02 |
US11009628B2 (en) | 2021-05-18 |
JP2019173029A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
TWI657118B (zh) | 2019-04-21 |
MY182820A (en) | 2021-02-05 |
ES2959939T3 (es) | 2024-02-29 |
MX2016006617A (es) | 2016-12-02 |
EP3071650A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
US20190235133A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
KR102307041B1 (ko) | 2021-10-18 |
EP3401369C0 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
CA2930509A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
PL3401369T3 (pl) | 2024-02-12 |
US10302819B2 (en) | 2019-05-28 |
AU2014351831A1 (en) | 2016-06-02 |
BR112016011575A2 (pt) | 2017-09-12 |
CN109852105B (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
KR20160088410A (ko) | 2016-07-25 |
EP3401369B1 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
JP6542213B2 (ja) | 2019-07-10 |
CN109852105A (zh) | 2019-06-07 |
EP3401369A1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
TW201527456A (zh) | 2015-07-16 |
JP7055969B2 (ja) | 2022-04-19 |
WO2015075229A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
CN105745284A (zh) | 2016-07-06 |
US20160291206A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
ES2684372T3 (es) | 2018-10-02 |
AU2014351831B2 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
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