JP2017168824A - 永久磁石、回転電機、及び車両 - Google Patents
永久磁石、回転電機、及び車両 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態の永久磁石について以下に説明する。
本実施形態の永久磁石は、組成式:RpFeqMrCutCo100−p−q−r−t(式中、Rは希土類元素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素、MはZr、Ti、及びHfからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素、pは10.5≦p≦12.4原子%を満足する数、qは26≦q≦40原子%を満足する数、rは0.88≦r≦4.3原子%を満足する数、tは3.5≦t≦13.5原子%を満足する数である)で表される組成を備える。
(BH)max(理論値)=Mr 2/4μ0・・・(1)
角型比は、測定で得られる(BH)maxと(BH)max(理論値)の比により評価され、下記式(2)により求められる。
(BH)max(実測値)/(BH)max(理論値)×100・・・(2)
次に、永久磁石の製造方法例について説明する。まず、永久磁石の合成に必要な所定の元素を含む合金粉末を調製する。次に、電磁石の中に設置した金型内に合金粉末を充填し、磁場を印加しながら加圧成形することにより結晶軸を配向させた圧粉体を製造する。
第1の実施形態の永久磁石は、自動車や鉄道車両等の車両等に具備される各種モータや発電機等の回転電機に使用することができる。また、可変磁束モータや可変磁束発電機の固定磁石や可変磁石として使用することも可能である。第1の実施形態の永久磁石を用いることによって、各種のモータや発電機が構成される。第1の実施形態の永久磁石を可変磁束モータに適用する場合、可変磁束モータの構成やドライブシステムには、例えば特開2008−29148号公報や特開2008−43172号公報に開示されている技術を適用することができる。
永久磁石に用いられる各原料を所定の比率で秤量して混合した後、Arガス雰囲気でアーク溶解して合金インゴットを作製した。上記合金インゴットを1170℃で10時間保持して熱処理を行った後、合金インゴットに対して粗粉砕とジェットミルによる粉砕とを実施し、磁石の原料粉末としての合金粉末を調製した。得られた合金粉末を磁界中でプレス成形して圧縮成形体を作製した。
各原料を所定の比率で秤量して混合した後、Arガス雰囲気中で高周波溶解して合金インゴットを作製した。合金インゴットに対し粗粉砕を実施した後に1180℃、10時間の熱処理を施し、急冷することにより室温まで冷却した。さらに粗粉砕とジェットミルによる粉砕とを実施し、磁石の原料粉末としての合金粉末を調製した。さらに上記合金粉末を磁界中でプレス成形して圧縮成形体を作製した。
各原料を所定の比率で秤量して混合した後、Arガス雰囲気中で高周波溶解して合金インゴットを作製した。合金インゴットに対し粗粉砕を実施した後に1175℃、12時間の熱処理を施し、急冷することにより室温まで冷却した。さらに粗粉砕とジェットミルによる粉砕とを実施し、磁石の原料粉末としての合金粉末を調製した。さらに上記合金粉末を磁界中でプレス成形して圧縮成形体を作製した。
各原料を所定の比率で秤量して混合した後、Arガス雰囲気中で高周波溶解して合金インゴットを作製した。上記合金インゴットに対し粗粉砕を実施した後に1165℃、8時間の熱処理を施し、急冷することにより室温まで冷却した。さらに、粗粉砕とジェットミルによる粉砕とを磁石の原料粉末としての合金粉末を調製した。さらに上記合金粉末を磁界中でプレス成形して圧縮成形体を作製した。
実施例8と同組成の合金粉末を原料に用い、磁界中でプレス成形して圧縮成形体を作製した。次に、合金粉末の圧縮成形体を焼結炉のチャンバ内に配置し、チャンバ内を9.0×10−3Paの真空状態にした後に1160℃まで昇温させ、到達温度で30分間保持した後、チャンバ内にArガスを導入した。次に、Ar雰囲気中で1195℃まで昇温させ、到達温度で4時間保持することにより焼結を行った。
表1に示す組成を有する磁石を、実施例1及び実施例2のそれぞれと同一の方法で作製した。また、実施例と同様に、第1の領域Aと第2の領域BとのCu濃度差、さらに角型比、保磁力、及び残留磁化を測定した。その結果を表3に示す。
実施例8と同組成の合金粉末を原料に用い、磁界中でプレス成形して圧縮成形体を作製した。次に、合金粉末の圧縮成形体を焼結炉のチャンバ内に配置し、チャンバ内を9.0×10−3Paの真空状態にした後に1160℃まで昇温させ、到達温度で30分間保持した後、チャンバ内にArガスを導入した。次に、Ar雰囲気中で1195℃まで昇温させ、到達温度で4時間保持することにより焼結を行った。
Claims (10)
- 組成式:RpFeqMrCutCo100−p−q−r−t
(式中、Rは希土類元素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素、MはZr、Ti、及びHfからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素、pは10.5≦p≦12.4原子%を満足する数、qは26≦q≦40原子%を満足する数、rは0.88≦r≦4.3原子%を満足する数、tは3.5≦t≦13.5原子%を満足する数である)
で表される組成と、
主相と、前記主相を構成する結晶粒の間に設けられた粒界相と、を含む金属組織と、を具備する永久磁石であって、
前記主相は、前記Th2Zn17型結晶相を有するセル相と、前記セル相を分断するように設けられ且つ前記セル相よりも高濃度のCuを含むCuリッチ相と、を含み、
前記Th2Zn17型結晶相のc軸を含む断面において前記結晶粒内の前記Cuリッチ相に分断された前記セル相を構成する第1の領域のCu濃度と、前記第1の領域と同じ結晶粒内であって前記断面の前記粒界相の延在方向に垂直な方向において前記粒界相から50nm以上200nm以下の範囲に位置する第2の領域のCu濃度と、の差が0.5原子%以下である、永久磁石。 - 前記第1の領域のCu濃度が1.5原子%以上5原子%以下である、請求項1に記載の永久磁石。
- 前記第1の領域のFe濃度が26原子%以上である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の永久磁石。
- 前記組成式におけるR元素の50原子%以上がSmであり、
前記組成式におけるM元素の50原子%以上がZrである、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の永久磁石。 - 前記組成式におけるCoの20原子%以下が、Ni、V、Cr、Mn、Al、Ga、Nb、Ta、及びWから選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素で置換されている、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の永久磁石。
- 請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の永久磁石を具備する、回転電機。
- モータ又は発電機である、請求項6に記載の回転電機。
- ステータと、
ロータと、を具備し、
前記ステータ又は前記ロータは、前記永久磁石を有する、請求項6に記載の回転電機。 - 請求項6ないし請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機を具備する、車両。
- 前記回転電機の一端に設けられたシャフトに回転が伝達される、請求項9に記載の車両。
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