JP2017128719A - 導電性ポリマーコンポジット - Google Patents
導電性ポリマーコンポジット Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017128719A JP2017128719A JP2017002432A JP2017002432A JP2017128719A JP 2017128719 A JP2017128719 A JP 2017128719A JP 2017002432 A JP2017002432 A JP 2017002432A JP 2017002432 A JP2017002432 A JP 2017002432A JP 2017128719 A JP2017128719 A JP 2017128719A
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- Prior art keywords
- units
- composite
- metal
- carbon nanotubes
- filament
- Prior art date
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Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
- B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
- B29K2105/165—Hollow fillers, e.g. microballoons or expanded particles
- B29K2105/167—Nanotubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2505/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as filler
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2507/00—Use of elements other than metals as filler
- B29K2507/04—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B29K2995/0005—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】熱可塑性ポリマーと複数の金属メッキされたカーボンナノチューブとを含む導電性ポリマーコンポジット。フィラメントの形態の導電性ポリマーコンポジットを基材の上に押出し成型し、三次元物体を作成する方法。カーボンナノチューブの金属メッキが、Ag、Cu、Ni、Pd、Au又はCoから選択される一つ以上の金属を含む導電性ポリマーコンポジット。
【選択図】なし
Description
σ = L/(R*A) (1)
式中、
σは、バルク導電率であり;
Lは、フィラメントの長さであり;
Rは、押出成型されたフィラメントの測定された抵抗であり;
Aは、フィラメントの断面積(πr2)であり、ここで、rは、フィラメントの半径である。
各溶液(〜300mL)を別個の500mLの使い捨て容器に調製した。空気−プラズマ処理または濃硝酸中の環流を行い、MWCNTの表面を酸化した(5.5g)。酸化したMWCNTを増感溶液に加え(30分間)(0.1M SnCl2、0.1M HCl(aq))、次いで、活性化溶液に加え(30分間)(DI水中、0.0014 PdCl2、0.25M HCl)、最後に、無電解メッキ溶液に加えた(10分間)(0.059M AgNO3、4.5mL NH4OHconc、9mLの37%ホルムアルデヒド溶液)。MWCNTを加える直前に、このメッキ溶液にホルムアルデヒドをゆっくりと加えた。それぞれの溶液に浸した後、MWCNTを減圧濾過によって単離し、その後、100mLのDIで洗浄した。得られたメッキされたMWCNTを減圧炉中、70℃で乾燥させた。図2Aは、銀粒子で修飾されたMWCNTのSEM画像を示し、銀粒子は、画像中の明るい点として示す。図2Bは、TEMホルダーの上にある銀粒子(画像中の明るい点)で修飾されたMWCNTのSEM画像を示す。
ツインスクリューHaake Rheocordミキサーを用い、溶融混合によって導電性ポリマーコンポジットを調製した。Haake中、ポリマーベース(ポリカプロラクトン(PCL))を、銀メッキされたMWCNTと70℃で30分間、30rpmで混合した。
実施例2のフィラメントを10cm片に切断し、銀塗料(SPI supplies)を末端に塗った。この銀塗料を使用し、サンプルと、抵抗装置のクランプとの間の良好な接続を確実にした。2点プローブによる抵抗装置を使用し、体積抵抗を測定した。上の式1を用い、体積抵抗をバルク導電率に変換した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
実施例2および3と同様のコンポジットフィラメントを製造したが、但し、10重量%の銀メッキされたMWCNTに加え、10重量%の銀フレークが含まれていた。PCL中のAgメッキされたMWCNT+銀フレークのバルク導電率を、実施例3に記載したのと同様に決定した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2および実施例3と同様のコンポジットフィラメントを製造したが、但し、金属メッキされたCNTを、金属でメッキされていない10重量%のMWCNTと置き換えた。実施例3に記載したのと同様にバルク導電率を決定し、結果を表1に示す。
実施例2および実施例3と同様のコンポジットフィラメントを製造したが、但し、10重量%のMWCNTは、金属でメッキされておらず、30%の銀ナノ粒子が熱可塑性ポリマー中に含まれていた。実施例3に記載したのと同様にバルク導電率を決定し、結果を表1に示す。
実施例2および実施例3と同様のコンポジットフィラメントを製造したが、但し、MWCNTを、65重量%のAgフレークと置き換えた。実施例3に記載したのと同様にバルク導電率を決定し、結果を表1に示す。
実施例2および実施例3と同様のコンポジットフィラメントを製造したが、但し、MWCNTを、39重量%のAgナノ粒子と置き換えた。実施例3に記載したのと同様にバルク導電率を決定し、結果を表1に示す。
フィラメントを、Makerbot FDM 3Dプリンタを用いて印刷し、印刷された角材を作成した。印刷された角材(75mm×9mm×3mm)を用い、材料の曲げ弾性率を決定した。表2は、それぞれのポリマーコンポジットフィラメントを印刷するために用いられる印刷パラメータを記載する。
Claims (10)
- 熱可塑性ポリマーと;
複数の金属メッキされたカーボンナノチューブと
を含む、導電性ポリマーコンポジット。 - 熱可塑性ポリマーは、アクリレート単位、カルボン酸エステル単位、アミド単位、乳酸単位、ベンズイミダゾール単位、炭酸エステル単位、エーテル単位、スルホン単位、アリールケトン単位、アリールエーテル単位、アリールアルキル単位、エーテルイミド単位、エチレン単位、フェニレンオキシド単位、プロピレン単位、スチレン単位、ハロゲン化ビニル単位およびカルバメート単位からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの繰り返し単位を含む、請求項1に記載のコンポジット。
- 熱可塑性ポリマーは、2つ以上の繰り返し単位のコポリマーである、請求項2に記載のコンポジット。
- コポリマーが、1つ以上のアクリレート単位を含む、請求項3に記載のコンポジット。
- 熱可塑性ポリマーは、ポリアクリレート、ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリアリールエーテルケトン、ポリエチレン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、ポリ(フッ化ビニリデン)(PVDF)、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリ(エチレン−コ−酢酸ビニル)、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリプロピレン、ポリ(フッ化ビニリデン−コ−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン)、ポリ(スチレンイソプレンスチレン)、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン(ABS)、ポリ(スチレンエチレンブチレンスチレン)(SEBS)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリカプロラクトンおよびナイロンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載のコンポジット。
- 金属メッキされたカーボンナノチューブは、無電解メッキされたカーボンナノチューブである、請求項1に記載のコンポジット。
- 三次元印刷の方法であって、この方法は、
三次元プリンタに、熱可塑性ポリマーと、複数の金属メッキされたカーボンナノチューブとを含むコンポジットを提供することと;
前記コンポジットを加熱することと;
加熱したコンポジットを基材の上に押出成型し、三次元物体を作成することと
を含む、方法。 - 加熱したコンポジットがフィラメントの形態である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 熱可塑性ポリマーと;
複数の金属メッキされたカーボンナノチューブと
を含む、導電性ポリマーコンポジットフィラメント。 - 金属メッキされたカーボンナノチューブの金属メッキは、銀、銅、ニッケル、パラジウム、金およびコバルトからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの金属を含む、請求項9に記載の導電性ポリマーコンポジットフィラメント。
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