JP2017114778A - 製剤 - Google Patents
製剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017114778A JP2017114778A JP2015248709A JP2015248709A JP2017114778A JP 2017114778 A JP2017114778 A JP 2017114778A JP 2015248709 A JP2015248709 A JP 2015248709A JP 2015248709 A JP2015248709 A JP 2015248709A JP 2017114778 A JP2017114778 A JP 2017114778A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- active ingredient
- adjuster
- surfactant
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
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Abstract
Description
これらの製剤においては、有効成分の保存安定性や皮膚透過性が主要な技術的課題となっており、主に有効成分と界面活性剤とで構成される粒子を含有する製剤が提案されている(特許文献1及び2)。これら粒子は、通常、有効成分を含有する水(W)相と、界面活性剤を含有する油(O)相とをホモジナイズしてW/Oエマルションを得て、これを凍結乾燥等することにより得ることができる。
項1.
有効成分、界面活性剤及びpH調整剤を含有する粒子。
項2.
第一画分及び第二画分を含有し、
前記第一画分が前記有効成分及び前記pH調整剤を含有する、項1に記載の粒子。
項3.
前記pH調整剤が、無機酸及び有機酸、並びにそれらの塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のpH調整剤である、項1又は2に記載の粒子。
項4.
前記pH調整剤が、塩酸及び塩酸塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のpH調整剤である、項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の粒子。
項5.
前記pH調整剤を、粒子全体を基準として、0.01〜2重量%含む、項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の粒子。
項6.
前記有効成分が親水性である、項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の粒子。
項7.
項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の粒子を含む製剤。
項8.
有効成分、界面活性剤及びpH調整剤を含有する粒子の製造方法であって、
(1)有効成分及びpH調整剤を含有する水(W)相を準備する工程;
(2)前記水(W)相と、界面活性剤を含有する油(O)相とをホモジナイズしてW/Oエマルションを得る工程;及び
(3)前記W/Oエマルションを乾燥する工程を含む、製造方法。
本発明の製剤は、少なくとも下記の粒子を含有する。
粒子は、有効成分及び界面活性剤を含有する。より詳細には、粒子は、有効成分を含む第1画分、及び界面活性剤を含む第2画分という少なくとも2つの画分を含有する。
第1画分は、少なくとも有効成分とpH調整剤とを含む。
分子量が10000以下であり、かつ
オクタノール水分配係数が−8〜6である。
(1)蒸留水中に、NaH2PO4を5×10−4M、Na2HPO4を2×10−4M、NaClを1.5×10−4M、硫酸ゲンタマイシン(和光純薬社製、G1658)を10ppm含有させた液をさらにNaOHでpH7.2に調整した緩衝液(4mL)を調製する。
(2)本発明の粒子を用い、分散溶媒として流動パラフィンを用いて下記に説明する方法により7.5%S/O製剤を調製する。
(3)上記(2)で得られた7.5%S/O製剤(0.8mL)を上記(1)で得られた緩衝液中に添加する。
(4)上記(3)で得られた溶液を一晩攪拌することによりS/O製剤中の薬剤及びpH調整剤を緩衝液中に溶出させる。
(5)上記(4)で得られた溶液中に含まれるpH調整剤を液体クロマトグラフィー等により検出する。
第2画分は、少なくとも界面活性剤を含む。
HLB値が小さい程、親油性が強いことを示す。本発明においては下記Griffin式より算出される。
HLB値=20×{(親水部分の分子量)/(全分子量)}
HLB値の加重平均値は、以下のようにして算出する。
例えば、HLB値A、B、Cの界面活性剤原料があり、それぞれの粒子合成時の仕込み重量がx、y、zであったときの加重平均値の算出式は、
(xA+yB+zC)÷(x+y+z)
本発明の製剤は、さらに基剤を含有する相(基剤相)を含有していてもよい。基剤相が上記粒子を含有していてもよい。このとき、粒子は、基剤相中に分散していてもよい。
そのような添加剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、樹脂及びシリコーン等の炭化水素、アミノ酸、環状ペプチド、エポキシ、ロジン、メラミン、及び多糖類、界面活性剤等のペクチン、アルギン酸、カラギーナン、ローカストビーンガム、グアーガム、キサンタンガム、デキストリン脂肪酸エステル、イヌリン脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル等が使用できる。樹脂としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリスチレン、及びポリウレタン等が挙げられる。このような樹脂を含有する基剤として、特に限定されないが、例えば、これらの添加剤を0.1〜50%、好ましくは1〜30%含む基剤を使用できる。このような基剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、流動パラフィン、シクロヘキサン、n−オクタン、トルエン、及びキシレン等の炭化水素系基剤、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、パルミチン酸イソプロピル、及びエチルヘキサン酸セチル等のエステル系基剤が好ましく用いられる。特に限定されないが、このような基剤の具体例として、例えば、流動パラフィン95%、ゲル化剤としてポリエチレン樹脂5%を含む、プラスチベース(Plastibase)(登録商標)(Bristol Myers Squibb)等の炭化水素ゲル軟膏基剤等を使用できる。
本発明の製剤は、その剤形や使用目的等に応じて、上記粒子及び上記基剤相に加えてさらにその他の添加成分を含有していてもよい。
分散剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の製剤は、特に限定されないが、例えば以下のようにして製造することができる。
(1)有効成分を含有する水(W)相と、界面活性剤を含有する油(O)相とをホモジナイズしてW/Oエマルションを得る工程
(2)工程(1)で得られたW/Oエマルションを乾燥する工程。
(3)工程(2)で得られた凍結乾燥物を、基剤に分散させる工程。
有効成分並びに所望により安定化剤、吸収促進剤及び刺激低減剤等の添加成分を純水又はリン酸緩衝液等の溶媒に溶解する。この溶媒のpHを必要に応じてpH調整剤を添加することにより調整することが好ましい。
このようにして得られた溶解液に、界面活性剤並びに所望により刺激低減剤、鎮痛剤、吸収促進剤及び安定化剤等の添加成分を、シクロヘキサン、ヘキサン又はトルエン等の溶剤に溶解した溶液を加え、ホモジナイザー等で撹拌してW/Oエマルションを得る。
その後に凍結乾燥等し、必要に応じてミリスチン酸イソプロピル等の基剤に分散させて、フィルター等の濾過処理やクロマトグラフィー、遠心分離処理等を実施することによって本発明の粒子を調製できる。粒子の生成は、粒度測定や光学顕微鏡を用いて確認することができる。
本発明の製剤は、有効成分の種類に応じて、外用薬や化粧品等の幅広い用途に用いることができる。本発明の製剤は、特に限定されないが、経皮吸収性製剤として用いることができる。この場合、通常、1日〜1週間持続性であり、好ましい態様では1日〜1週間あたり1回適用されるように用いられる。
塩酸ドネペジル(pKa=8.9)200mgを40gの純水に溶解し、これに、ショ糖エルカ酸エステル(三菱化学フーズ社製、ER−290;HLB値2)3.0gをシクロヘキサン80gに溶解した溶液を加えた。この溶液を四種用意し、一つはpH未調整(pH5.47)として、残り三種についてそれぞれ低pH(pH1.2、及びpH3.9)及び高pH(pH6.94)となるようにpH調整を室温で行った。pH調整剤として1N塩酸水溶液、1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を使用した。低pH溶液及び高pH溶液を調整した際に使用したpH調整剤の量はそれぞれ、5.4mL、1.3mL及び1.3mLであった。
これら四種の溶液をそれぞれ室温でホモジナイザー撹拌(10000rpm)した。この後に2日間凍結乾燥することによって、本発明の粒子を調製した。得られた粒子75mgを925mgのミリスチン酸イソプロピル(和光純薬工業社製)に分散し、本発明の製剤を製造した。
バルデナフィル塩酸塩(pKa=8.8)200mgを40gの純水に溶解し、これに、ショ糖エルカ酸エステル(三菱化学フーズ社製、ER−290;HLB値2)3.0gをシクロヘキサン80gに溶解した溶液を加えた。この溶液を三種用意し、一つはpH未調整(pH2.74)として、残り二種についてそれぞれ低pH(pH1.2)及び高pH(pH5.53)となるようにpH調整を室温で行った。pH調整剤として1N塩酸水溶液、1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を使用した。低pH溶液及び高pH溶液を調整した際に使用したpH調整剤の量はそれぞれ、1.2mLg及び4.1mLgであった。
これら三種の溶液をそれぞれ室温でホモジナイザー撹拌(10000rpm)した。この後に2日間凍結乾燥することによって、本発明の粒子を調製した。得られた粒子75mgを925mgのミリスチン酸イソプロピル(和光純薬工業社製)に分散し、本発明の製剤を製造した。
リバスチグミン酒石酸塩(pKa=8.9)200mgを40gの純水に溶解し、これに、ショ糖エルカ酸エステル(三菱化学フーズ社製、ER−290;HLB値2)3.0gをシクロヘキサン80gに溶解した溶液を加えた。この溶液を四種用意し、一つはpH未調整(pH3.53)として、残り三種についてそれぞれ低pH(pH1、及びpH2)及び高pH(pH10)となるようにpH調整を室温で行った。pH調整剤として1N塩酸水溶液、1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を使用した。低pH溶液及び高pH溶液を調整した際に使用したpH調整剤の量はそれぞれ、3.8mL、1.2mL及び6.8mLであった。
これら四種の溶液をそれぞれ室温でホモジナイザー撹拌(10000rpm)した。この後に2日間凍結乾燥することによって、本発明の粒子を調製した。得られた粒子25mgを925mgのイソノナン酸イシトリデシル(高級アルコール工業社製、KAK139)に分散し、本発明の製剤を製造した。
デュロキセチン塩酸塩(pKa=9.7)200mgを40gの純水に溶解した。この溶液を四種用意し、一つはpH未調整(pH3.25)として、残り三種についてそれぞれ低pH(pH1、pH2)及び高pH(pH7.47)となるようにpH調整を室温で行った。pH調整剤として1N塩酸水溶液、1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を使用した。低pH溶液及び高pH溶液を調整した際に使用したpH調整剤の量はそれぞれ、3.8mL、1.2mL及び5.4mLであった。
これら四種の溶液それぞれに、ショ糖エルカ酸エステル(三菱化学フーズ社製、ER−290;HLB値2)3.0gをシクロヘキサン80gに溶解した溶液を加えて、室温でホモジナイザー撹拌(10000rpm)した。この後に2日間凍結乾燥することによって、本発明の粒子を調製した。得られた粒子75mgを925mgのイソノナン酸イシトリデシル(高級アルコール工業社製、KAK139)に分散して製剤を製造した。
製造例1〜4により得られたそれぞれの製剤について、形状安定性試験を行った。具体的には、60℃で各製剤を保存し、初期と比較した形状変化が保存開始から何日経過後に観察されるかによって評価した。観察は光学顕微鏡により行った。結果を表1と図1〜3とに示す。表1において、安定性がpH未調整時よりも改善したものを実施例とし、一方、改善しなかったものをpH未調整のものと合わせて比較例として表示する。図1〜3は、順に、実施例1、比較例1及び比較例2の製剤の60℃、2日目経過後の光学顕微鏡による観察像をそれぞれ示している。実施例1では形状変化が生じていないのに対し、比較例1及び2においては形状変化が生じている。
Claims (8)
- 有効成分、界面活性剤及びpH調整剤を含有する粒子。
- 第一画分及び第二画分を含有し、
前記第一画分が前記有効成分及び前記pH調整剤を含有する、請求項1に記載の粒子。 - 前記pH調整剤が、無機酸及び有機酸、並びにそれらの塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のpH調整剤である、請求項1又は2に記載の粒子。
- 前記pH調整剤が、塩酸及び塩酸塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のpH調整剤である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の粒子。
- 前記pH調整剤を、粒子全体を基準として、0.01〜2重量%含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の粒子。
- 前記有効成分が親水性である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の粒子。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の粒子を含む製剤。
- 有効成分、界面活性剤及びpH調整剤を含有する粒子の製造方法であって、
(1)有効成分及びpH調整剤を含有する水(W)相を準備する工程;
(2)前記水(W)相と、界面活性剤を含有する油(O)相とをホモジナイズしてW/Oエマルションを得る工程;及び
(3)前記W/Oエマルションを乾燥する工程を含む、製造方法。
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