JP2017097149A - 電気光学装置 - Google Patents
電気光学装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017097149A JP2017097149A JP2015228580A JP2015228580A JP2017097149A JP 2017097149 A JP2017097149 A JP 2017097149A JP 2015228580 A JP2015228580 A JP 2015228580A JP 2015228580 A JP2015228580 A JP 2015228580A JP 2017097149 A JP2017097149 A JP 2017097149A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 5
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbut-3-enal Chemical compound CCC(C=C)C=O CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl vinyl ketone Natural products CCCC(=O)C=C JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136204—Arrangements to prevent high voltage or static electricity failures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1506—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
- G02F1/1525—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material characterised by a particular ion transporting layer, e.g. electrolyte
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/38—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
- G09G2310/0254—Control of polarity reversal in general, other than for liquid crystal displays
- G09G2310/0256—Control of polarity reversal in general, other than for liquid crystal displays with the purpose of reversing the voltage across a light emitting or modulating element within a pixel
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
支持電解質は、発色材料の酸化還元反応等を促進するものであれば特に限定されず、例えばリチウム塩(LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiBF4、LiClO4等)、ナトリウム塩(NaCl、NaBr、NaI等)を好適に用いることができる。支持電解質の濃度は、例えば10mM以上1M以下であることが好ましいがこれに限定されない。
溶媒は、発色材料等を安定的に保持することができるものであれば特に限定されず、水や炭酸プロピレン等の極性溶媒、極性のない有機溶媒、さらには、イオン性液体、イオン導電性高分子、高分子電解質等を用いることができる。具体的には、炭酸プロピレン、ジメチルスルホキシド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトニトリル、ポリビニル硫酸、ポリスチレンスルホル酸、ポリアクリル酸等を用いることができる。
・長時間、同じ外観上の状態を維持し続けることができる。
・電圧印加時間に依らず、消去時間(透明状態へ戻すのに要する時間)が一定となり、かつ短くすることができる。
・駆動電圧による消費電力を低く抑えることができる。
・反射スペクトルをフラットにし、かつ反射率の高い鏡面状態を得ることができる。
C1:コモン電極
11:第1基板
12:第2基板
13:電解質層
14:シール材
15:凹凸部
16:電気光学素子を構成する領域
Claims (5)
- 一対の基板間に設けられた複数の電気光学素子と、
前記複数の電気光学素子の各々に駆動電圧を与える駆動装置と、
を含み、
前記複数の電気光学素子の各々は、
対向配置され、各々が前記駆動装置と接続されている第1電極及び第2電極と、
エレクトロデポジション材料を含有しており、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に配置される電解質層と、
を有しており、
前記駆動装置は、前記複数の電気光学素子の各々に対して、第1電圧と当該第1電圧より低い第2電圧を周期的に繰り返す正極性の第1直流電圧、又は、第3電圧と当該第3電圧より高い第4電圧を周期的に繰り返す負極性の第2直流電圧を選択的に印加しており、
前記駆動装置によって、平面視において隣接する前記電気光学素子の一方に前記第1直流電圧が与えられ、他方に前記第2直流電圧が与えられる際に、前記第1電圧の印加期間と前記第3電圧の印加期間とが重ならないように前記第1直流電圧と前記第2直流電圧とが時分割で供給される、
電気光学装置。 - 前記第1電極と前記第2電極のいずれか一方の表面に凹凸部が設けられている、
請求項1に記載の電気光学装置。 - 前記第1電圧と前記第3電圧の絶対値が等しい、
請求項1又は2に記載の電気光学装置。 - 前記第1直流電圧の前記第1電圧と前記第2電圧との繰り返し周波数、前記第2直流電圧の前記第3電圧と前記第4電圧との繰り返し周波数がそれぞれ50Hz以上である、
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の電気光学装置。 - 前記電解質層の前記エレクトロデポジション材料が銀を含む、
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の電気光学装置。
Priority Applications (2)
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JP2015228580A JP6651334B2 (ja) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | 電気光学装置 |
US15/332,217 US9971224B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2016-10-24 | Electro-optical device |
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JP2015228580A JP6651334B2 (ja) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | 電気光学装置 |
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CN107167979B (zh) * | 2017-06-05 | 2019-09-20 | 浙江大学 | 无外接电源的电致变色器件及其制备方法和实现快速褪色的方法 |
CN112542536B (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2024-02-27 | Tcl华星光电技术有限公司 | 显示面板的制作方法 |
CN113820898B (zh) * | 2021-09-27 | 2024-02-02 | 苏州清越光电科技股份有限公司 | 一种电致显色面板及其制备方法 |
US20230305352A1 (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2023-09-28 | Gentex Corporation | Electro-optic device having serial electro-optic elements |
Citations (9)
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JPS56110991A (en) * | 1980-02-06 | 1981-09-02 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Electrochromic display driving system |
JP2004054221A (ja) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-02-19 | Sony Corp | 表示装置の駆動方法 |
US20050248825A1 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2005-11-10 | Rockwell Scientific Licensing, Llc | Reversible electrodeposition optical modulation device with conducting polymer counter electrode |
JP2006195141A (ja) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-27 | Fujitsu Ltd | エレクトロデポジション型表示装置の駆動方法 |
JP2007328278A (ja) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-20 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 表示方法、表示媒体、及び表示素子 |
JP2011002492A (ja) * | 2009-06-16 | 2011-01-06 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | メモリ性表示デバイス |
WO2013180125A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-05 | 国立大学法人 千葉大学 | 調光素子の調光方法 |
JP2015082081A (ja) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-27 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 光学装置、撮像装置、光学素子の駆動方法 |
JP2016027361A (ja) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-02-18 | 株式会社リコー | エレクトロクロミック表示装置およびその製造方法、駆動方法 |
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