JP2017050148A - 二次電池用難燃性電解液、及び当該電解液を含む二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用難燃性電解液、及び当該電解液を含む二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017050148A JP2017050148A JP2015172725A JP2015172725A JP2017050148A JP 2017050148 A JP2017050148 A JP 2017050148A JP 2015172725 A JP2015172725 A JP 2015172725A JP 2015172725 A JP2015172725 A JP 2015172725A JP 2017050148 A JP2017050148 A JP 2017050148A
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- lithium
- electrolyte solution
- electrolyte
- amide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical group COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- DOYSIZKQWJYULQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoro-n-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)ethanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F DOYSIZKQWJYULQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NVIANCROYQGROD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O NVIANCROYQGROD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWBXDCPGSHVVPB-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP(=O)([O-])O.[Fe+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP(=O)([O-])O.[Fe+2].[Li+] PWBXDCPGSHVVPB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical class COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FAJFGLZHUIUNSS-NSHDSACASA-N benzyl (2s)-2-amino-5-[[amino(nitramido)methylidene]amino]pentanoate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 FAJFGLZHUIUNSS-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002092 busulfan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1,2,2-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCC1(C(O)=O)C(O)=O STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Pb] JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium tin Chemical compound [Li].[Sn] UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical group COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCDWETOKTFWTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfonylbenzene Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCDWETOKTFWTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010446 mirabilite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- WCFDSGHAIGTEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanesulfonamide Chemical compound CN(C)S(C)(=O)=O WCFDSGHAIGTEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000105 potassium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hydride Chemical compound [KH] NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSTITLHDMBEKHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Na+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QSTITLHDMBEKHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Na+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolene Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CC1 MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
(1)主溶媒としての難燃性有機溶媒と、アルカリ金属塩とを含む二次電池用電解液であって、前記電解液の組成が前記アルカリ金属塩1molに対して溶媒量が4mol以下であることを特徴とする、該電解液;
(2)前記難燃性有機溶媒が、リン酸トリエステルである、上記(1)に記載の二次電池用電解液;
(3)前記難燃性有機溶媒が、リン酸トリメチル又はリン酸トリエチルである、上記(1)に記載の二次電池用電解液;
(4)前記アルカリ金属塩を構成するアニオンが、フルオロスルホニル基、トリフルオロメタンスルホニル基、及びパーフルオロエタンスルホニル基よりなる群から選択される1以上の基を含むアニオンである、上記(1)に記載の二次電池用電解液;
(5)前記アニオンが、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)アミド([N(FSO2)2]−)、(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロスルホニル)アミド([N(CF3SO2)(FSO2)]−)、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)アミド([N(CF3SO2)2]−)、ビス(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)アミド([N(C2F5SO2)2]−)又は(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)(トリフルオロエタンメタンスルホニル)アミド([N(C2F5SO2)(CF3SO2)]−)である、上記(4)に記載の二次電池用電解液;
(6)前記アルカリ金属塩が、リチウム塩又はナトリウム塩である、上記(1)〜(5)のいずれか1に記載の二次電池用電解液;
(7)全溶媒中における前記難燃性有機溶媒の割合が、30〜100mol%である、上記(1)〜(6)のいずれか1に記載の二次電池用電解液;及び
(8)前記二次電池が、リチウムイオン二次電池又はナトリウムイオン二次電池である、上記(1)〜(7)のいずれか1に記載の二次電池用電解液
を提供するものである。
(9)正極、負極、及び、上記(1)〜(8)のいずれか1に記載の二次電池用電解液を備える二次電池;
(10)ナトリウムイオン二次電池である、上記(9)に記載の二次電池;
(11)前記正極が、遷移金属酸化物である、上記(10)に記載の二次電池;
(12)前記負極が、ハードカーボンである、上記(10)又は(11)に記載の二次電池;
(13)リチウムイオン二次電池である、上記(9)に記載の二次電池;
(14)前記正極が、リチウム元素を有する金属酸化物、ポリアニオン系化合物、又は硫黄系化合物より選択される活物質を含む、上記(13)に記載の二次電池;及び
(15)前記負極が、炭素材料、金属リチウム、リチウム合金、又はリチウム金属酸化物より選択される活物質を含む、上記(13)又は(14)に記載の二次電池
を提供するものである。
(1)難燃性有機溶媒
本発明の二次電池用電解液は、主溶媒として難燃性有機溶媒を用いることを特徴とする。ここで、「難燃性有機溶媒」とは、当該技術分野において通常用いられる意味で理解され、引火点及び発火点が高く、容易に引火や発火をしない有機溶媒を意味する。
また、本発明の二次電池用電解液は、高濃度のアルカリ金属塩を含むことを特徴とするものである。これによって、従来は、難溶性溶媒系の電解液では可逆的に作動し得なかった電極構成においても、優れた可逆性を示す二次電池を実現することができる。上記電解液中におけるアルカリ金属塩と溶媒の混合比は、アルカリ金属塩1molに対して溶媒量が4mol以下であり、好ましくは、3mol以下であり、より好ましくは2mol以下である。溶媒量の下限については、当該アルカリ金属塩の析出等が発生せず、正極・負極における電気化学的反応が進行する限り特に制限はされないが、例えば、アルカリ金属塩1molに対して溶媒1mol以上であり、好ましくはアルカリ金属塩1molに対して溶媒2mol以上であることができる。
また、本発明の二次電池用電解液は、その機能の向上等の目的で、必要に応じて他の成分を含むこともできる。他の成分としては、例えば、従来公知の過充電防止剤、脱水剤、脱酸剤、高温保存後の容量維持特性およびサイクル特性を改善するための特性改善助剤が挙げられる。
本発明の二次電池は、正極及び負極と、本発明の電解液を備えるものである。
本発明の二次電池における負極としては、当該技術分野において公知の電極構成を用いることができる。例えば、二次電池がリチウムイオン電池の場合には、電気化学的にリチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出できる負極活物質を含む電極が挙げられる。このような負極活物質としては、公知のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質を用いることができ、例えば、天然グラファイト(黒鉛)、高配向性グラファイト(Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite;HOPG)、非晶質炭素等の炭素質材料が挙げられる。さらに他の例として、リチウム金属、又はリチウム元素を含む合金や金属酸化物、金属硫化物、金属窒化物のような金属化合物が挙げられる。例えば、リチウム元素を有する合金としては、例えばリチウムアルミニウム合金、リチウムスズ合金、リチウム鉛合金、リチウムケイ素合金等を挙げることができる。また、リチウム元素を有する金属酸化物としては、例えばチタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12等)等を挙げることができる。また、リチウム元素を含有する金属窒化物としては、例えばリチウムコバルト窒化物、リチウム鉄窒化物、リチウムマンガン窒化物等を挙げることができる。これら負極活物質は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。なかでも、負極活物質としては、チタン酸リチウムが好ましい。
本発明の二次電池の正極としては、当該技術分野において公知の電極構成を用いることができる。例えば、二次電池がリチウムイオン電池の場合には、正極活物質としては、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2)等の1種類以上の遷移金属を含むリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物、遷移金属硫化物、金属酸化物、リン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)やピロリン酸鉄リチウム(Li2FeP2O7)などの1種類以上の遷移金属を含むリチウム含有ポリアニオン系化合物、硫黄系化合物(Li2S)などが挙げられる。当該正極には、導電性材料や結着剤を含有してもよく、酸素の酸化還元反応を促進する触媒を含有してもよい。好ましくは、マンガン酸リチウムである。二次電池がナトリウムイオン電池の場合にも、同様に公知の正極活物質を用いることができる。
本発明の二次電池において用いられるセパレータとしては、正極層と負極層とを電気的に分離する機能を有するものであれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えばポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリエステル、セルロース、ポリアミド等の樹脂からなる多孔質シートや、不織布、ガラス繊維不織布等の不織布等の多孔質絶縁材料等を挙げることができる。
本発明の二次電池の形状は、正極、負極、及び電解液を収納することができれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、円筒型、コイン型、平板型、ラミネート型等を挙げることができる。
Claims (15)
- 主溶媒としての難燃性有機溶媒と、アルカリ金属塩とを含む二次電池用電解液であって、前記電解液の組成が前記アルカリ金属塩1molに対して溶媒量が4mol以下であることを特徴とする、該電解液。
- 前記難燃性有機溶媒が、リン酸トリエステルである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 前記難燃性有機溶媒が、リン酸トリメチル又はリン酸トリエチルである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 前記アルカリ金属塩を構成するアニオンが、フルオロスルホニル基、トリフルオロメタンスルホニル基、及びパーフルオロエタンスルホニル基よりなる群から選択される1以上の基を含むアニオンである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 前記アニオンが、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)アミド([N(FSO2)2]−)、(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロスルホニル)アミド([N(CF3SO2)(FSO2)]−)、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)アミド([N(CF3SO2)2]−)、ビス(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)アミド([N(C2F5SO2)2]−)又は(パーフルオロエタンスルホニル)(トリフルオロエタンメタンスルホニル)アミド([N(C2F5SO2)(CF3SO2)]−)である、請求項4に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 前記アルカリ金属塩が、リチウム塩又はナトリウム塩である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 全溶媒中における前記難燃性有機溶媒の割合が、30〜100mol%である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 前記二次電池が、リチウムイオン二次電池又はナトリウムイオン二次電池である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 正極、負極、及び、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用電解液を備える二次電池。
- ナトリウムイオン二次電池である、請求項9に記載の二次電池。
- 前記正極が、遷移金属酸化物である、請求項10に記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極が、ハードカーボンである、請求項10又は11に記載の二次電池。
- リチウムイオン二次電池である、請求項9に記載の二次電池。
- 前記正極が、リチウム元素を有する金属酸化物、ポリアニオン系化合物、又は硫黄系化合物より選択される活物質を含む、請求項13に記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極が、炭素材料、金属リチウム、リチウム合金、又はリチウム金属酸化物より選択される活物質を含む、請求項13又は14に記載の二次電池。
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US15/755,865 US20190013521A1 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2016-08-29 | Flame-resistant electrolyte for secondary cell, and secondary cell including said electrolyte |
EP16841787.1A EP3346540B1 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2016-08-29 | Flame-resistant electrolyte for secondary cell, and secondary cell including said electrolyte |
CN201680050685.8A CN108028429B (zh) | 2015-09-02 | 2016-08-29 | 二次电池用阻燃性电解液以及包含该电解液的二次电池 |
PCT/JP2016/075172 WO2017038755A1 (ja) | 2015-09-02 | 2016-08-29 | 二次電池用難燃性電解液、及び当該電解液を含む二次電池 |
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EP3866224A4 (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2021-12-08 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY |
US20210399276A1 (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2021-12-23 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
GB201907612D0 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-10 | Faradion Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte compositions |
CA3153170C (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-11-14 | Cyrus S. Rustomji | Electrolyte formulations for electrochemical device |
CN111341980B (zh) * | 2020-02-24 | 2022-09-20 | 河北科技大学 | 一种全氟磺酸钠离子电池电解质隔膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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