JP2016523261A - 細胞内感染の処置方法 - Google Patents
細胞内感染の処置方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016523261A JP2016523261A JP2016522137A JP2016522137A JP2016523261A JP 2016523261 A JP2016523261 A JP 2016523261A JP 2016522137 A JP2016522137 A JP 2016522137A JP 2016522137 A JP2016522137 A JP 2016522137A JP 2016523261 A JP2016523261 A JP 2016523261A
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- 125000004525 thiadiazinyl group Chemical group S1NN=C(C=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2013年6月25日、2014年3月24日及び2014年5月26日にそれぞれ出願されたオーストラリア特許出願第2013902327号、同第2014901029号及び同第2014901977号に基づく優先権を主張するものである。これらの出願の各々の開示は、参照により本明細書に援用される。
[P1-P2-P3-P4] (式I)
又は
[P1-P2-P3-P4]-L-[P1'-P2'-P3'-P4'] (式II)
を有し、式中、P1-P2-P3-及びP1'-P2'-P3'-は、成熟SmacのN-末端Ala-Val-Pro-トリペプチドのペプチド代替物(replacements)、すなわちペプチド模倣体に相当し、P4及びP4'は、第4のN末端アミノ酸、Phe、Tyr、Ile又はValのアミノ酸代替物に相当し、Lは、[P1-P2-P3-P4]を[P1'-P2'-P3'-P4']に共有結合させる結合基又は結合である。
P1及びP1'が、NHR1-CHR2-C(O)-である、
P2及びP2'が、-NH- CHR3-C(O)-である、
P3及びP3'が、ピロリジン、シクロアルキルと縮合しているピロリジン、又は-N-ヘテロ原子を有するヘテロシクロアルキルと縮合しているピロリジン(いずれの場合も、任意選択で置換されている)であり、P3/P3'のピロリジンが、アミド結合によってP2/P2'に結合している;
P4及びP4'が、-M-Qp-R7である、
式IIの化合物に属することがある。
R1: -H又は-CH3、
R2: -CH3、-CH2CH3又は-CH2OH、
R3: C2〜6アルキル、C2〜6アルコキシ、C3〜C6シクロアルキル若しくはヘテロシクロアルキル、又はC6〜C8アリール若しくはヘテロアリール(いずれの場合も、任意選択で置換されている)、
M: 共有結合、C1〜6アルキレン、置換C1〜C6アルキレン、例えば-C(O)-(これに限定されない)、
Q: 共有結合、C1〜6アルキレン、置換C1〜C6アルキレン、-O-又は-NR8-、
P: 0又は1、
R7: シクロアルキル、シクロアルキルアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキルヘテロアリール、アリール又はヘテロアリール(いずれの場合も、任意選択で置換されている)、
R8: -H又はC1〜6アルキル
であることができる。Lは、[P1-P2-P3-P4]を[P1'-P2'-P3'-P4']に共有結合させる、結合基又は結合である。
マウスのB型肝炎感染
本発明者らは、マウスにおいてHBV感染を引き起こすために用いることができる技術7、8を採用した。アデノ随伴ウイルスの逆方向末端反復配列が隣接しているゲノム長より大きいHBV1.2を含有する裸のプラスミドDNAを、ハイドロダイナミック法により注入して、実質的な下大静脈圧を生じさせて前記DNAを肝臓に押し込み、そこで前記DNAが肝細胞に取り込まれる7、8。重要なこととして、動物に注入したDNAは、アデノ随伴ウイルスコード配列を含有しない。プラスミドが封入されないので、注入された調製物中にウイルス構造タンパク質も非構造タンパク質も存在しない。
ビリナパントでのマウスの処置
C57BL/6マウスをHBVに感染させ、感染6日後、週用量のビリナパント(腹腔内投与する30mg/kg)又はビヒクル対照(DMSO)で、合計3週間(3用量)、処置した。
ビリナパント処置で見られたHBV排除速度を再現したcIAP1及びcIAP2の遺伝子標的化
全組織におけるcIAP2の欠損と共にcIAP1の欠損のある(肝臓特異的欠損)遺伝子標的マウスは、ビリナパントで処置したマウスと同様の速度でHBV感染を排除することができた(図5参照)。
ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)中のHIV-1JR-CSFに対するビリナパントの活性
方法
ウイルス分離体
HIV-1分離体JR-CSF(AIDS認知症患者の濾過脳脊髄液から分離された、グループM、サブタイプB、CCR5指向性)をNIAID AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Programから入手した。採取したてのヒトPBMCを使用して低継代ウイルスストックを調製し、液体窒素中で保管した。ウイルスの力価測定済みアリコートを使用直前に冷凍庫から取り出し、バイオハザード対策用キャビネット内で室温に急速解凍した。
HIV及びHBVに対して血清反応陰性の採取したてのヒトPBMCを、検査を受けるドナーから分離した(Biological Specialty社、ペンシルバニア州コルマール)。細胞を低速遠心分離によって2〜3回、ペレット化/洗浄し、PBSに再浮遊させて汚染血小板を除去した。次いで、白血球フェレーシスを行った(Leukophoresed)血液をダルベッコリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(DPBS)で1:1希釈し、50mL遠心管の中の14mLのリンパ球分離培地(LSM;Mediatech社によるCellgro(登録商標);密度1.078+/-0.002g/ml;カタログ番号85-072-CL)上に積層し、次いで30分間、600×gで遠心分離した。結果として生じた界面から帯状PBMCを穏やかに吸引し、その後、低速遠心分離によりPBSで2回洗浄した。最後の洗浄の後、細胞をトリパンブルー排除により計数し、15%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)と2mM L-グルタミンと4μg/mLフィトヘマグルチニン(PHA、Sigma社)とを補足したRPMI 1640に1×106細胞/mLで再浮遊させた。細胞を放置して48〜72時間、37℃でインキュベートした。インキュベーション後、PBMCを遠心分離し、15%FBSと2mM L-グルタミンと100U/mLペニシリンと、100μg/mLストレプトマイシンと20U/mL組換えヒトIL-2(R&D System社)とを補足したRPMI 1640に再浮遊させた。IL-2を培養培地に含めて、PHA細胞分裂刺激により開始された細胞分裂を維持した。PBMCをこの培地中1〜2×106細胞/mLの濃度で維持し、アッセイで使用するまで週2回培地を交換した。細胞を、アッセイで使用するには古すぎると思われ廃棄することになるまで、最大2週間培養し続けた。単球由来マクロファージ(MDM)は、組織培養フラスコへの接着の結果として培養物から剥脱される。
マイクロタイタープレートベースの逆転写酵素(RT)反応を利用した(Buckheitら、AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 7:295〜302頁、1991)。トリチウム化チミジン三リン酸(3H-TTP、80Ci/mmol、NEN社)を1:1のdH2O:エタノール中、1mCi/mlで受け取った。150μlのポリrA(20mg/ml)を0.5mlのオリゴdT(20単位/ml)及び5.35mlの滅菌dH2Oと併せ、続いて等分(1.0ml)することによりポリrA:オリゴdテンプレート:プライマー(Pharmacia社)をストック溶液として調製し、-20℃で保管した。RT反応バッファーを毎日新たに調製し、これは、125μlの1.0M EGTA、125μlのdH20、125μlの20%Triton X100、50μlの1.0M Tris(pH7.4)、50μlの1.0M DTT、及び40μlの1.0M MgCl2から成った。1部の3H-TTPと4部のdH20と2.5部のポリrA:オリゴdTストックと2.5部の反応バッファーとを併せることにより最終反応混合物を調製した。10マイクロリットルのこの反応混合物を丸底マイクロタイタープレートに配置し、15μlのウイルス含有上清を添加し、混合した。プレートを37℃で60分間インキュベートした。インキュベーション後、その反応容量をDE81フィルター-マット(Wallac社)にスポッティングし、5分間、5回、各々5%リン酸ナトリウムバッファー又は2X SSC(Life Technologies社)中で、1分間、2回、各々蒸留水中で、1分間、2回、各々70%エタノール中で洗浄し、その後、乾燥させた。組み込まれた放射活性(カウント毎分、CPM)を、標準液体シンチレーション技術を用いて定量した。
アッセイ終了時、アッセイプレートを可溶性テトラゾリウム系染料MTS(CellTiter(登録商標)96 Reagent、Promega社)で染色して、細胞生存率を判定し、化合物毒性を定量した。MTSは、代謝活性細胞のミトコンドリア酵素によって代謝されて可溶性ホルマザン産物を生じさせ、それにより細胞生存率及び化合物細胞毒性の迅速な定量的分析が可能になる。この試薬は、使用する前に調製する必要がない安定した単一溶液である。アッセイ終了時、10〜25μLのMTS試薬をウェルごとに添加し(容量に基づいて10%最終濃度)、次いで、それらのマイクロタイタープレートを4〜6時間、37℃、5%CO2でインキュベートして細胞生存率を評定した。接着プレートシーラーを蓋の代わりに使用し、密封されたプレートを数回反転させて可溶性ホルマザン産物を混合し、Molecular Devices Vmax又はSpectraMax Plusプレートリーダーを用いて490/650nmで分光光度的にプレートを読み取った。
社内コンピュータプログラムを用いるPBMCデータ解析は、IC50(ウイルス複製の50%阻害)、IC90(ウイルス複製の90%阻害)、IC95(ウイルス複製の95%阻害)、TC50(50%細胞毒性)、TC90(90%細胞毒性)、TC95(95%細胞毒性)及び治療指数値(TI=TC/IC;抗ウイルス指数又はAIとも呼ばれる)の計数を含んだ。抗ウイルス活性及び毒性両方についての生データをそのデータのグラフ表示と共に下に提供する。
固定濃度のTNF-αを伴う又は伴わないビリナパントをHIV-1に対する抗ウイルス効力について評価した。結果を表1(表1)にまとめる。加えて、PBMCにおけるHIV JR_CSF複製の、単独での又は10ng/ml TNF-αと組み合わせての様々な濃度のビリナパントによる阻害をそれぞれ図6及び図7に示す。
HIV感染細胞に対するビリナパントの活性
方法
単離及び活性化。健常ドナーからのPBMCをFicoll(GE社)勾配遠心分離によって単離し、磁性ビーズ(Miltenyi社)を使用してCD8+細胞を剥脱した。残存PBMCを未処置状態で維持するか、又はPHA(10μg/mL)中で活性化させ、IL-2(10U/mL)とIL-7(25ng/mL)とを補足したRF10(RPMI、10%FCS、2%グルタミン)中で3日間培養した。
結果を図8に示す。10uMビリナパントの単回投与後、HIV感染細胞の55%は、24時間以内に死滅する。ビリナパントが未処置細胞の生存率に及ぼす効果は最小限であり、活性化T細胞に及ぼす効果はわずかである。
結核菌感染に対するビリナパントの活性
合計32匹のマウスを結核菌(H37Rv株)に感染させ、4週間の安静後、17匹のマウスをビリナパントで(腹腔内注射により、30μg/gで)処置し、15匹のマウスをDMSOで処置し、両方の処置を週1回投与で施した。3用量後、マウスを安楽死させ、肺を採取し、均質化し、そのホモジネートを系列希釈でMiddlebrook 7H11寒天プレートにプレーティングした。3週間の培養後にコロニー形成単位(CFU)を判定した。結果を図9に示す。
ビリナパントの活性に対するTNF-αサイトカインへの拮抗の効果
マウスをHBVに感染させ、その後、示されている様々な時点で、TNF-α拮抗抗体を(腹腔内)注射した。対照として、HBV感染マウスの別のコホートに無関係のIgG1アイソタイプ対照抗体を注射した。
他のIAPアンタゴニストの活性
マウスをHBVに感染させ、ビリナパント、又はFanら、2013(20)に記載されているGT13072と呼ばれる別のIAPアンタゴニスト(SMAC模倣体)のいずれかで処置した。
レジオネラ・ニューモフィラ感染に対するビリナパントの活性
6から12週齢C57BL/6マウスをレジオネラ・ニューモフィラ(50μlのリン酸緩衝生理食塩水中、2.5×106コロニー形成単位)に鼻腔内感染させた。感染6時間後、マウスを単回用量のビリナパント(10mg/Kgを腹腔内投与、四角)で処置するか、又はビヒクル対照(丸)で処置した。感染2日後、肺を動物から採取し、培養により細菌数を定量した。結果を図12に示す。図中の各点は動物を表し、エラーバーはSEMを表す。*P<0.05。このデータは、ビリナパント処置が、対照処置と比較してレジオネラ・ニューモフィラの排除及び疾患寛解を促進することを示す。
ビリナパントと組み合わせたエンテカビルの効果
C57Bl/6マウスをHBVに感染させ、6日後、ビリナパント単独(30mg/kgを2週間、週1回腹腔内投与、合計2用量になる)、又はエンテカビル(3.2mg/kgを8日間、1日1回強制栄養により投与、合計8用量になる)、又は上に示した用量及び継続期間のビリナパント+エンテカビルでの処置を開始した。
ビリナパントと組み合わせたTRAILの効果
以前に記載されたように(Chin R、Earnest-Silveira L、Koeberlein B、Franz S、Zentgraf H、Bowden S、Bock C-T、Torresi J.、Modulation of MAPK pathways and cell cycle byreplicating hepatitis B virus: factors contributing tohepatocarcinogenesis、J Hepatology 2007;47:325〜37頁)、アデノウイルス送達系を使用して初代ヒト肝細胞をインビトロでHBVに感染させた。この送達系は、緑色蛍光タンパク質マーカーを備えていたので、感染細胞の割合を定量することができた。この系を使用して、肝細胞のほぼ100%をHBVに感染させた。感染後2日間、細胞を休ませ、その後、示されている薬剤で処置した。処置48時間後、CellTiter-Glo(登録商標)(Promega社、米国ウィスコンシン州マディソン)をその製造業者のプロトコルに従って使用して細胞生存率を評定した。この実験を3つ組で行い、2名の独立したドナーを用いて2回反復した。3つ組未処置試料の1つからの最高CellTiter-Glo結果を用いて、100%生存率マークを設定した。結果を図14に示す。
これらの結果は、ビリナパント処置がHBV感染を排除することを示す。同様に、IAPの遺伝子標的欠失は、HBV感染の排除を促進する。まとめると、これらのデータは、IAPに拮抗するいずれの方法も、HBV感染の排除に治療的効力があることを示す。HBV感染マウスのビリナパント処置に関する毒性は一切同定されず、HBVに感染したIAP欠損動物も健常に見えた。これらのデータは、IAPへの拮抗が、感染細胞を死滅に感作させるが、正常又は非感染細胞をプログラム細胞死に感作しないことを示す。さらに、IAPの阻害は、有害な炎症反応を防止した。これらの結果は、HIV、結核菌及びレジオネラ・ニューモフィラ感染細胞に対するビリナパントの活性も示す。これらの結果は、HCV、HPV、CMV、並びに他の細胞内ウイルス、細菌、真菌、酵母及び寄生虫を含めて、宿主細胞内で持続する他の感染に容易に拡大することができると考えられる。
Claims (20)
- 対象における細胞内感染を処置する方法であって、前記対象にIAPアンタゴニストを投与する工程を含む、方法。
- 前記IAPが、cIAP1及び/又はcIAP2である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、Smac模倣体である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記Smac模倣体が、以下の特徴の1つ以上を含む、請求項3に記載の方法:
(a)前記Smac模倣体は、二価である;
(b)前記Smac模倣体は、XIAP媒介カスパーゼ-3抑制を抑制解除する;
(c)前記Smac模倣体は、TRAF2に結合していないcIAP-1、及びTRAF2に結合しているcIAP1を分解する;
(d)前記Smac模倣体は、TRAF2に結合しているcIAP-2を分解するが、TRAF2に結合していないcIAP-2を分解しない;
(e)前記Smac模倣体は、TRAFに結合しているcIAP-2の分解に比べてTRAF2に結合していないcIAP-2を弱く分解する;並びに
(f)前記Smac模倣体が、一般構造[P1-P2-P3-P4]又は[P1-P2-P3-P4]-L-[P1'-P2'-P3'-P4'](式中、P1-P2-P3-及びP1'-P2'-P3'-は、成熟SmacのN-末端Ala-Val-Pro-トリペプチドのペプチド代替物又はペプチド模倣体に相当し、P4及びP4'は、Phe、Tyr、Ile又はValのアミノ酸代替物に相当し、Lは、[P1-P2-P3-P4]を[P1'-P2'-P3'-P4']に共有結合させる、結合基又は結合である)を有する。 - 前記Smac模倣体が、ビリナパントである、請求項3又は請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、IAP遺伝子の発現を低減させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記IAP遺伝子が、cIAP1又はcIAP2遺伝子である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、siRNA、shRNA又はmiRNAである、請求項6又は請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記siRNA、shRNA又はmiRNAが、NCBI参照配列:NM_001166.4、NCBI参照配列:NM_001256163.1、NCBI参照配列:NM_001256166.1、GenBank:DQ068066.1、NCBI参照配列:NM_001165.4、NCBI参照配列:NM_182962.2、GenBank:BC037420.1、NCBI参照配列:NM_001167.3、NCBI参照配列:NM_001204401.1、NCBI参照配列:NR_037916.1、及びNCBI参照配列:NG_007264.1から成る群より選択される配列に対して標的化される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記感染が、ヒト乳頭腫ウイルス、ヘルペスウイルス、例えば単純ヘルペス1/2、水痘帯状疱疹、EBV、CMV、HHV-6/7、HTLV、ヒトパポーバウイルス、例えばJCウイルス及びBKウイルス、アデノ及びパルボウイルス、HIV、HBV及びHCVから成る群より選択されるウイルスによって引き起こされる、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記感染が、サルモネラ属種、エーリキア属種、マイコバクテリア属種、スピロヘータ、レジオネラ属種、リステリア属種、リッケチア属種、クラミジア属種、マイコプラズマ属種、コクシエラ属種、エルシニア属種、フランシセラ属種、ブルセラ属種、ナイセリア属種及びノカルジア属種から成る群より選択される細菌によって引き起こされる、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記感染が、ヒストプラズマ属種、アスペルギルス属種、クリプトコッカス属種及びニューモシスチス・イロベチから成る群より選択される真菌又は酵母によって引き起こされる、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記感染が、トリパノソーマ、例えばリーシュマニア属種、アピコンプレックス、例えば肝臓型のプラスモジウム属種、トキソプラズマ属種及びクリプトスポリジウム属種から成る群より選択される原生動物によって引き起こされる、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルスがHIVであり、前記IAPアンタゴニストが、TNF-αと組み合わせて投与される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記IAPアンタゴニストが、TNF-α又は他のTNF受容体アゴニストと併用投与される、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記IAPアンタゴニストが、TRAILと併用投与される、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記IAPアンタゴニストが、抗ウイルス性ヌクレオシド類似体と併用投与される、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヌクレオシド類似体が、エンテカビルである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 対象における細胞内感染の処置におけるIAPアンタゴニストの使用。
- 対象における細胞内感染の処置のための医薬品の調製におけるIAPアンタゴニストの使用。
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EP (2) | EP3013329B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6785653B2 (ja) |
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JP2021504294A (ja) * | 2017-11-24 | 2021-02-15 | ジアーンスゥ アセンテージ バイオメッド ディベロップメント インコーポレイティド | 肝炎ウイルスに関連する疾患又は障害の治療及び/又は予防のためのビスジアザビシクロ化合物 |
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CN106265764B (zh) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-03-16 | 广州威溶特医药科技有限公司 | Iap抑制剂和溶瘤病毒在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用 |
CN108440507B (zh) * | 2017-02-16 | 2022-10-18 | 南京圣和药物研发有限公司 | 作为细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂的化合物及其应用 |
CN114423423B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-09-06 | 中以海德人工智能药物研发股份有限公司 | 一种用于治疗或预防病毒性肝炎的药物组合物及其应用 |
CN112933085B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-12-21 | 中以海德人工智能药物研发股份有限公司 | 一种化合物在制备治疗或预防病毒性肝炎用药物中的应用 |
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JP2021504294A (ja) * | 2017-11-24 | 2021-02-15 | ジアーンスゥ アセンテージ バイオメッド ディベロップメント インコーポレイティド | 肝炎ウイルスに関連する疾患又は障害の治療及び/又は予防のためのビスジアザビシクロ化合物 |
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CN105451726B (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
ES2982449T3 (es) | 2024-10-16 |
EP3682873A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
EA201690075A1 (ru) | 2016-05-31 |
EP3013329B1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
IL242678B (en) | 2021-08-31 |
NZ754814A (en) | 2021-07-30 |
WO2014205516A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
KR20200108904A (ko) | 2020-09-21 |
US10500252B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 |
KR20160030099A (ko) | 2016-03-16 |
EP3013329A4 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
JP2019147823A (ja) | 2019-09-05 |
MX2015016628A (es) | 2016-06-29 |
CN105451726A (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
ES2828642T3 (es) | 2021-05-27 |
MX2020011591A (es) | 2020-12-07 |
CA2913189C (en) | 2020-08-25 |
AU2014301958A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
NZ714347A (en) | 2020-01-31 |
AU2014301958B2 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
EP3682873B1 (en) | 2024-06-12 |
JP7203682B2 (ja) | 2023-01-13 |
KR20200108903A (ko) | 2020-09-21 |
CN112957365A (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
CN111481669A (zh) | 2020-08-04 |
CA2913189A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
SG11201509525XA (en) | 2016-01-28 |
JP6785653B2 (ja) | 2020-11-18 |
HK1224230A1 (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
EA036275B1 (ru) | 2020-10-21 |
US20160143995A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
EP3013329A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
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