JP2016522000A - 組織移植片の脱細胞化方法 - Google Patents
組織移植片の脱細胞化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、全体が参照として本明細書に組み入れられる、2013年3月15日出願の米国仮出願第61/794,012号の恩典を主張する。
生物医学工学は、治癒の促進に用いることができる組織の開発において多くの課題に直面している。例えば、「置換」組織は、組織の再生を促進すべきである。その際、新たな組織は、近傍の細胞が置換を受容するようにレシピエントと適合していなければならない。重要なことは、置換組織は、生体系に「外来物(foreign body)」を加えたことにより通常引き起こされる免疫学的反応を克服(または回避)すべきことである。
本発明は、本来の構造および完全性ならびに再生の改善に必要な生物学的性質を保持する組織移植片を作製するための新規方法および組成物を提供する。
本明細書において使用される用語は、本発明に関連する分野の当業者によって通常理解される意味を有する。「一つの(a)」、「一つの(an)」、および「その(the)」などの用語は、単数のもののみを指すことを意図しておらず、説明に使用されうる特定の例の一般的なクラスを含む。本明細書における用語は、本発明の特定の態様を記載するために使用されるが、特許請求の範囲において概略される部分を除き、それらの使用によって本発明が限定されることはない。本明細書で使用される全ての科学技術用語は、他に定義のない限り、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者に通常理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。
本発明で使用される、「無細胞」という用語は、生細胞のない組織を指す。
本発明に従い使用する組織は、当業者に周知の標準的な技術を使用して採取することができる。好ましい態様において、例えば神経組織であってもよい組織は、採取した後に冷凍される。
細胞は、崩壊され本発明の組織から抽出されるが、置換組織に一つまたは複数の異なる種類の細胞を再導入することも許容可能であり、しばしば必要となりうる。これらの細胞はドナーから直接得るか、ドナー由来の細胞の培養物から得るか、または細胞培養物から得てよい。ドナー細胞は、一般に生検により得られ、標準的な条件を用いた培養においてコンフルエントになるまで増殖させる。レシピエントは、例えば、必要な場合、ステロイドおよび/または他の免疫抑制薬のスケジュールを使用して、必要に応じて免疫を抑制してもよい。レシピエントの免疫を抑制することで、新たな組織または組織同等物が成長している間、置換組織移植片の免疫保護が提供されうる。
本発明の置換組織は、該置換組織が一つまたは複数の活性種の担体となるように、一つまたは複数の活性種で処方された生理活性分子を含んでもよい。本発明のキットまたは置換組織は、追加のポリマーもしくはポリマー溶液(例えばポリマー足場(scaffold))中に組み込んだ活性薬剤を含んでよく、または、当業者に容易に明らかとなる技術を用いて置換組織の表面または内部に直接結合されていてよい。例えば、活性薬剤は、無細胞置換組織上または内への重合(curing)により添加されるか、イオン結合、共有結合、および/または、切断可能な架橋剤などの架橋剤を使用して、結合されうる。
全ての手順は、無菌手技および滅菌溶液を使用すべきである。以下は本発明の脱細胞化手法の一つの態様の工程である。
2. 神経を室温で解凍する。冷水で洗浄する。大量の冷水に浸漬する。4℃で6時間(またはそれ以上)穏やかに撹拌する。
3. 大量の抽出バッファー(10 mMリン酸ナトリウムバッファー、pH 7.2+150 mM NaCl)または任意の生理食塩水の125 mM(またはより高濃度の)スルホベタイン-10溶液に、神経を浸漬する。25℃(室温に近い温度)で15時間(またはそれ以上)穏やかに撹拌する。
4. 新しい大量の抽出バッファーまたは任意の生理食塩水の125 mM(またはより高濃度の)スルホベタイン-10溶液に置換する。25℃で6時間(またはそれ以上)撹拌する。
5. 大量の抽出バッファーまたは任意の生理食塩水で洗浄する。25℃で60分間(またはそれ以上)撹拌する。
6. 大量の洗浄バッファー(10 mMリン酸ナトリウムバッファー、pH 7.2)または張性が非常に低い(塩分を含まない)任意のバッファーで洗浄する。25℃で60分間(またはそれ以上)撹拌する。
7. 神経を、大量の抽出バッファーまたは任意の生理食塩水の0.6 mM(またはより高濃度の)スルホベタイン-16溶液に浸漬する。25℃で15時間(またはそれ以上)撹拌する。
8. 新しい大量の抽出バッファーまたは任意の生理食塩水の0.6 mM(またはより高濃度の)スルホベタイン-16溶液に置換する。25℃で6時間(またはそれ以上)撹拌する。
9. 大量の抽出バッファーまたは任意の生理食塩水で洗浄する。神経を30分間(またはそれ以上)穏やかに撹拌し、新しい抽出バッファーまたは任意の生理食塩水に置換する。4℃で撹拌しながら15時間洗浄する。
10. 大量の洗浄バッファーで洗浄する。穏やかに撹拌して神経を再懸濁し、新しい洗浄バッファーまたは張性が非常に低い(塩分を含まない)任意のバッファーに置換する。4℃で撹拌しながら3時間洗浄する。
11. 生理緩衝食塩水に入れ、冷凍保存する。
本発明に従い上記のとおりに調製した移植片を、DC3移植片と称する。DC3移植片を、通常の(未処理)ウサギ神経、ならびにHudsonら(Tissue Engineering 10:1346-1358, 2004)および米国特許第7,402,319号に記載されるプロトコールにより処理されたウサギ移植片(本明細書においてDC2移植片と称する)と比較した。
Hudsonらの方法および本発明により処理した神経移植片を用いて、ニュージーランドシロ(NSW)ウサギにおける大規模なインビボ試験を行った。結果は、両方の種類の脱細胞神経移植片とも免疫学的に適合であり、移植片拒絶は観察されなかったことを示す。
ヒト神経組織を本発明に従い上記のとおりに調製し、DC3移植片と称した。DC3移植片を、通常の(未処理)ヒト神経、ならびにHudsonら(Tissue Engineering 10:1346-1358, 2004)および米国特許第7,402,319号に記載されるプロトコールにより処理されたヒト移植片(本明細書においてDC2移植片と称する)と比較した。二つの処理方法から得たDC2およびDC3移植片を、いくつかの組織学的技術により評価した。
神経を長軸上で凍結切断し、カバーガラスに載せた。分離させたニューロンを組織切片上に蒔き、24時間培養した。次に、凍結培養物を固定し、被検ニューロンを免疫染色した。
神経の細胞外マトリックスは、軸索の成長を促進することが知られている。特に、軸索を覆う基底膜の管は、神経再生における軸索成長に対して強力な刺激を与える。上記の実験で使用した凍結培養アッセイは、基底膜の構造および成長促進活性に依拠している。ラミニンが、神経基底膜の重要な神経突起促進成分であることは、十分立証されている。このことは、凍結アッセイにおいて、神経組織切片を機能遮断性抗ラミニン抗体で予め処理することにより、神経突起成長が有効に阻害されることで容易に証明される。したがって、精製したラミニンに対する個々の界面活性剤の影響を調べるために試験を行った。ラミニン活性は、SB-10によっては変化しなかった。SB-16への曝露によりおよそ50%ラミニン活性が減少した。TrX200(陰イオン性界面活性剤)は、ラミニンの神経突起促進活性を本質的に除去した(図14)。
Claims (20)
- 組織移植片を、両性界面活性剤を含む抽出組成物と、該組織中の細胞を破砕するのに十分な濃度でおよび接触時間の間、接触させる工程を含み、陰イオン性界面活性剤の非存在下で行われる、組織移植片を脱細胞化するための方法。
- 脱細胞化後、細胞外マトリックスの構造が完全なままであり、保存状態が、陰イオン性界面活性剤を含む方法で脱細胞化した場合と測定可能に同等であるかまたはそれより良好である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 陰イオン性界面活性剤が組織に適用されない、請求項1記載の方法。
- Triton X-200(商標)が組織に適用されない、請求項1記載の方法。
- 組織移植片を、スルホベタイン-10(SB-10)および/またはスルホベタイン-16(SB-16)と接触させる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 組織移植片を、SB-10からなる界面活性剤成分を有する一つの抽出組成物と接触させ、該組織移植片を、SB-16からなる界面活性剤成分を有する第2の抽出組成物とも接触させる、請求項5記載の方法。
- 両性界面活性剤の濃度が、少なくとも臨界ミセル濃度である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抽出組成物が、生理学的塩分濃度またはそれを超える塩分濃度を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 生理学的塩分濃度未満の塩分濃度を有する溶液と組織を接触させる工程を含む少なくとも一つの洗浄工程をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 洗浄溶液が塩分を含まない、請求項9記載の方法。
- 組織から非構造的な残骸を物理的に除去する工程をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 脱細胞化工程の前または後のいずれかに組織移植片を冷凍する工程をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 神経、骨、腸管、血管、靱帯、腱、および心臓移植片から選択される組織移植片を作製するために使用される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 神経移植片を作製するために使用される、請求項13記載の方法。
- 神経移植片を作製するために使用される組織が、神経、筋肉、胎盤、および血管組織から選択される、請求項14記載の方法。
- 一つまたは複数の生理活性分子または細胞を組織移植片に導入する工程をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 脱細胞化後の組織移植片の神経突起促進活性が、バッファー洗浄のみで処理した神経と比較して、保持されている、請求項1記載の方法。
- 脱細胞化後、組織移植片の神経突起促進活性が保持されており、保存状態が、陰イオン性界面活性剤を含む方法で脱細胞化した場合と測定可能に同等であるかまたはそれより良好である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法により作製された組織移植片。
- 請求項19記載の組織移植片を含むキット。
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ES2881079T3 (es) | 2021-11-26 |
US20160030636A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
JP6480911B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
DK2968673T3 (da) | 2021-07-12 |
KR20200119907A (ko) | 2020-10-20 |
EP3928806A1 (en) | 2021-12-29 |
WO2014145854A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
CN105188787A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
US9572911B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
HK1219241A1 (zh) | 2017-03-31 |
EP2968673A4 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
CL2015002754A1 (es) | 2016-02-05 |
KR20150127247A (ko) | 2015-11-16 |
KR102167247B1 (ko) | 2020-10-19 |
KR102324450B1 (ko) | 2021-11-10 |
US20170128624A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
EP2968673A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
EP2968673B1 (en) | 2021-06-02 |
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