JP2016182030A - 無線エネルギー伝達変換装置 - Google Patents
無線エネルギー伝達変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016182030A JP2016182030A JP2016114210A JP2016114210A JP2016182030A JP 2016182030 A JP2016182030 A JP 2016182030A JP 2016114210 A JP2016114210 A JP 2016114210A JP 2016114210 A JP2016114210 A JP 2016114210A JP 2016182030 A JP2016182030 A JP 2016182030A
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、次の出願:2011年2月7日に出願された米国特許出願第13/021,965号、2011年1月6日に出願された米国特許出願第12/986,018号、2010年5月28日に出願された米国特許出願第12/789,611号、2010年4月29日に出願された米国特許出願第12/770,137号、2010年4月26日に出願された米国特許出願第12/767,633号、2010年4月13日に出願された米国特許出願第12/759,047号、2010年4月9日に出願された米国特許出願第12/757,716号、2010年3月30日に出願された米国特許出願第12/749,571号、2010年3月10日に出願された米国特許出願第12/721,118号、2010年3月10日に出願された米国特許出願第12/720,866号、および2010年4月20日に出願された米国特許出願第61/326,051号、に対する優先権を主張し、その各々が参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
エネルギーまたは電力は、例えば、「RESONATOR ARRAYS FOR WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER」という名称で米国特許公開第2010/0237709号として2010年9月23日に公開された共同所有の米国特許出願第12/789,611号、および「WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER FOR REFRIGERATOR APPLICATION」という名称で米国特許公開第2010/0181843号として2010年7月22日に公開された米国特許出願第12/722,050号に詳述されている様々な技術を用いて、無線で伝達され得、それら特許出願の内容が、本明細書に完全に規定されているかのように、全体として組み込まれる。従来技術の無線エネルギー伝達システムは、ユーザーの安全性に関する懸念、低いエネルギー伝達効率、ならびにエネルギー供給およびシンクコンポーネントに対する制限的な物理的近接/配置の許容範囲を含む様々な要因によって制限されてきた。
散逸されない場合、最大限の効率で電力を負荷に供給する。この動作条件は、スイッチング素子全体の電圧およびスイッチング素子を流れる電流の両方がゼロである場合に、最もクリティカルなスイッチング動作(すなわち、スイッチング損失につながる可能性が最も高いもの)が行われるように、システムを設計することにより達成され得る。これらの条件は、それぞれ、ゼロ電圧スイッチング(ZVS)およびゼロ電流スイッチング(ZCS)条件と呼ばれ得る。増幅器がZVSおよびZCSで動作する場合、スイッチング素子全体の電圧またはスイッチング素子を流れる電流のいずれかがゼロであり、したがって、スイッチ上で電力は
散逸し得ない。スイッチング増幅器は、特定の周波数または周波数範囲で、直流(または超低周波交流)電力から交流電力に変換し得、フィルターは、スイッチング処理によって生成され得る望ましくない調波が、負荷に達し、そこで
散逸するのを防ぐために、負荷の前に導入され得る。実施形態では、スイッチング増幅器は、重要な品質係数(例えばQ>5)をもち、同時にZVSおよびZCSをもたらす、特定のインピーダンス
R0=FR(dc)/ωCa,X0=Fx(dc)/ωCa (1)
を有し、式中dcは、スイッチング素子のONスイッチ状態のデューティサイクルであり、関数FR(dc)およびFX(dc)は、図7(クラスDおよびEの両方に対して)に示されており、ωは、スイッチング素子が切り替わる周波数であり、また、Ca=naCswitch(ここで、Cswitchは、スイッチと並列接続で配置されたトランジスタ出力容量およびあり得る外部コンデンサの両方を含む、各スイッチ全体の容量であり、一方、フルブリッジに対して、na=1およびハーフブリッジに対して、na=2)である。クラスDに対して、解析方程式
FR(dc)=sin2u/π,FX(dc)=(u−sinu*cosu)/π(2)
を記述することもでき、式中、u=π(1−2*dc)であり、クラスD増幅器の特性インピーダンスレベルが、デューティサイクルdcが50%に向かって増加するにつれて低下することを示す。dc=50%のクラスD増幅器の動作に対して、ZVSおよびZCSの達成は、スイッチング素子が実質的に出力容量を有せず(Ca=0)、負荷が厳密に共振状態(X0=0)であり、一方、R0が任意であり得る場合に限り可能である。
適用例では、駆動された負荷は、それが接続されている、外部駆動回路の特性インピーダンスとは大きく異なっているインピーダンスを有し得る。さらに、駆動された負荷は共振回路網ではない可能性がある。インピーダンス整合回路網(IMN)は、IMN回路および負荷から構成される回路網の入力において見られるインピーダンスを調整するため、図6Bに示すように、負荷の前に接続され得る回路網である。IMN回路は、通常は、この調整を、駆動周波数に近い共振器を作成することにより、達成し得る。かかるIMN回路は、発電機から負荷への送電効率を最大限にする(共振器およびインピーダンス整合−スイッチング増幅器に対するZVSおよびZCS)ために必要な全ての条件を達成するので、実施形態では、IMN回路は、駆動回路と負荷との間に使用され得る。
Rl(ω)=FR(dc)/ωCa,Xl(ω)=FX(dc)/ωCa (3)
である。
Claims (25)
- 第1の複数のパラメータによって特徴づけられる第1の振動磁場を介して無線で受信した電気エネルギーを捕捉するように構成された少なくとも1つの受信用磁気共振器と、
前記第1の複数のパラメータとは異なる第2の複数のパラメータによって特徴づけられる第2の振動磁場を生成するように構成された少なくとも1つの送信用磁気共振器とを備え、
前記第2の振動磁場を生成する前記少なくとも1つの送信用磁気共振器に通電するために、前記少なくとも1つの受信用磁気共振器からの前記電気エネルギーが使用される、
無線電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の複数のパラメータが、前記第2の複数のパラメータの第2の周波数とは異なる第1の周波数を含む、請求項1に記載の変換装置。
- 前記第1の周波数が前記第2の周波数のほぼ整数倍である、請求項2に記載の変換装置。
- 前記第2の周波数が前記第1の周波数のほぼ整数倍である、請求項2に記載の変換装置。
- 前記第1の複数のパラメータが、前記第2の複数のパラメータの第2の振幅とは異なる第1の振幅を含む、請求項1に記載の変換装置。
- 前記第1の複数のパラメータが、前記第2の複数のパラメータの第2の周波数ホッピングシーケンスとは異なる第1の周波数ホッピングシーケンスを含む、請求項1に記載の変換装置。
- 前記第1の複数のパラメータが、前記第2の複数のパラメータの第2のオン/オフシーケンスとは異なる第1のオン/オフシーケンスを含む、請求項1に記載の変換装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの受信用磁気共振器によって捕捉された前記電気エネルギーを直流信号に変換するように構成された第1の変換回路をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の変換装置。
- 前記第1の変換回路からの前記直流信号を交流信号に変換するように構成された第2の変換回路をさらに備え、前記交流信号が前記少なくとも1つの送信用磁気共振器に通電するために使用される、請求項8に記載の変換装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの受信用磁気共振器および前記少なくとも1つの送信用磁気共振器のうちの少なくとも1つが、品質係数Q>100を有する、請求項1に記載の変換装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの受信用磁気共振器が、異なるパラメータをもつ磁場からエネルギーを捕捉するように構成可能である、請求項1に記載の変換装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの送信用磁気共振器が、異なるパラメータをもつ磁場を生成するように構成可能である、請求項1に記載の変換装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの受信用磁気共振器および前記少なくとも1つの送信共振器がループインダクタを共有する、請求項1に記載の変換装置。
- 第1の複数のパラメータによって特徴づけられる第1の振動磁場を生成するように構成された供給源共振器と、
前記第1の複数のパラメータとは異なる第2の複数のパラメータによって特徴づけられる第2の振動磁場を介して無線で受信された電気エネルギーを捕捉するように構成された装置共振器と、
前記第2の振動磁場からエネルギーを捕捉するように、かつ、前記第1の振動磁場を生成する前記供給源共振器に通電するように構成された変換回路を含む無線電力変換装置とを備えるシステム。 - 前記第1の複数のパラメータおよび前記第2の複数のパラメータが少なくとも周波数において異なる、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記振動磁場の前記第1の複数のパラメータおよび前記第2の複数のパラメータが少なくとも振幅において異なる、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記無線電力変換装置が、前記装置共振器によって捕捉された電気エネルギーによって通電される、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記供給源共振器および前記装置共振器のうちの少なくとも1つが、品質係数Q>100を有する、請求項14に記載の変換装置。
- 前記供給源共振器および前記装置共振器が共有されたループインダクタを含む、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 構成可能な磁気共振器を提供することと、
第1の複数のパラメータによって特徴づけられる第1の振動磁場を捕捉するように前記構成可能な磁気共振器を調整することと、
前記振動磁場を電気エネルギーに変換することと、
前記電気エネルギーを貯蔵エネルギーとしてエネルギー貯蔵素子内に貯蔵することと、 第2の複数のパラメータによって特徴づけられる第2の振動磁場を生成するように前記構成可能な磁気共振器を調整することと、
前記第2の振動磁場を生成するために、前記貯蔵されたエネルギーを使用して、前記構成可能な磁気共振器に通電することとを含む、
無線電力変換の方法。 - 前記第1の複数のパラメータが、前記第2の複数のパラメータの第2の周波数とは異なる第1の周波数を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の複数のパラメータが、前記第2の複数のパラメータの第2の振幅とは異なる第1の振幅を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記構成可能な磁気共振器が品質係数Q>100を有する、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギー貯蔵素子内に前記電気エネルギーを貯蔵する前に、前記電気エネルギーを直流信号に変換することをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の振動磁場を生成するために前記構成可能な磁気共振器に通電する前に、前記貯蔵されたエネルギーを交流信号に変換することをさらに含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
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WO2011112795A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
AU2011224345A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
CA2792256A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
EP3252962A1 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
EP3252962B1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
CN107040291B (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
JP6483053B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
EP2545654A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
KR20130069561A (ko) | 2013-06-26 |
JP2019075985A (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
CN102870338B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
CN106972642A (zh) | 2017-07-21 |
CN107040291A (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
JP6820311B2 (ja) | 2021-01-27 |
EP2545654A4 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
CN102870338A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
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