JP2016005378A - Inverter and drive system employing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pulse pattern for continuously minimizing a harmonic loss of an AC motor in association with an inverter and a drive system employing the same, in particular, in association with a technology for reducing the harmonic loss of the AC motor.SOLUTION: In the inverter which switches a direct current and converts the direct current into an alternating current, when an integer is defined as (n) and the number of pulses per period is defined as (2n-1), a first pulse pattern for which the numbers of pulses in voltage phases 0 to 180 deg and 180 to 360 deg are (n) and (n-1), respectively, and a second pulse pattern for which the numbers of pulses in the voltage phases 0 to 180 deg and 180 to 360 deg are (n-1) and (n), respectively, are switched on the basis of a modulation rate. Therefore, the harmonic loss of the AC motor can be minimized. Thus, effects such as deterioration prevention of material properties and downsizing of a cooling system can be obtained.

Description

  The present invention relates to an inverter and a drive system using the same, and more particularly to a technique for reducing harmonic loss of an AC motor.

  In order to drive an AC motor with high efficiency, variable speed drive using an inverter is effective. The inverter includes a switching element and can apply an AC voltage having an arbitrary frequency to the AC motor. However, voltage and current harmonics are generated by switching operation, which causes harmonic loss (hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, etc.). These not only reduce the efficiency, but also deteriorate the material properties of magnets and electrical steel sheets due to heat. Therefore, it is necessary to properly control the switching of the inverter and reduce the harmonic loss.

  In Patent Document 1, the number of inverter switching pulses is switched according to the modulation rate. Here, the number of pulses is the number of voltage pulses output by the inverter in one cycle of the AC motor. By adjusting the number of pulses, voltage harmonics can be suppressed and harmonic loss can be reduced.

  (Patent Document 2) defines the pulse phase so that the value obtained by dividing the harmonic loss by the fundamental wave power is minimized. The pulse phase is the voltage phase when the voltage pulse is turned on or off. When the pulse phase is determined, the voltage harmonics are determined, and furthermore, the harmonic loss can be obtained approximately. The pulse phase is optimized to minimize this.

  The problem of (Patent Document 1) is that the harmonic loss cannot be reduced when the number of pulses cannot be changed. Since the number of pulses depends on the characteristics of the switching element of the inverter or the rotational speed of the AC motor, it cannot be changed arbitrarily. In (Patent Document 2), even if the number of pulses is the same, the harmonic loss is reduced by optimizing the pulse phase. However, the optimization of the pulse phase may limit the harmonic loss to a minimum, and cannot always be minimized.

  To minimize the harmonic loss, it is necessary to optimize the pulse phase for each inverter pulse pattern and compare the optimized pulse patterns. A pulse pattern is an arrangement pattern of voltage pulses with respect to a voltage phase. In the same number of pulses (2n-1, n: integer), the pulse pattern is classified into two. The first pulse pattern has a voltage phase: 0 to 180 deg pulse number: n, and 180 to 360 deg pulse number: (n-1). In the second pulse pattern, the voltage phase is 0 to 180 degrees, the number of pulses is (n-1), and the number of pulses is 180 to 360 degrees: n. All pulse patterns are classified into one of the first and second pulse patterns. Therefore, the harmonic loss can be minimized by optimizing the first and second pulse patterns and selecting a pulse pattern with smaller loss after the optimization.

JP 2011-223772 A JP 2012-120250 A

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan: Electric motor control engineering, Ohmsha, pp.132-152 (2007)

  The present invention relates to an inverter and a drive system using the inverter, and particularly to realize pulse pattern control for reducing harmonic loss of an AC motor.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, in an inverter for switching direct current to alternating current, n is an integer, the number of pulses per cycle is (2n-1), and the voltage phase is 0 to 180 degrees, 180 degrees. The first pulse pattern with n and (n-1) as the number of pulses of ~ 360 deg, and the second pulse number with (n-1) and n as the pulse numbers of 0 to 180 deg and 180 to 360 deg, respectively. The pulse pattern is switched based on the modulation rate.

  Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that in the inverter, the number of pulses is changed based on the fundamental frequency of the inverter.

Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that in the inverter, the first pulse pattern and the second pulse pattern are switched so as to minimize the harmonic loss Wh of (Equation 3) (where An: n Next voltage harmonic, n: order, λ: loss factor (0 ≤ λ ≤ 2)).

  Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that, in the inverter, when the modulation rate is positive, the inverter is switched to the first pulse pattern, and when the modulation rate is negative, the inverter is switched to the second pulse pattern.

Furthermore, the present invention provides an inverter,
(1) When n is an odd number and the modulation rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the first pulse pattern,
(2) When n is an odd number and the modulation rate is a predetermined value or less, the second pulse pattern,
(3) When n is an even number and the modulation rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the second pulse pattern,
(4) The first pulse pattern and the second pulse pattern are switched according to at least one of the first pulse patterns when the n is an even number and the modulation rate is equal to or less than a predetermined value. .

  Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that, in the inverter, when the number of pulses is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, switching of the pulse pattern is stopped.

  Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that in the inverter, the carrier wave is inverted based on the modulation rate.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that in the drive system, an AC motor that is a drive source of the drive system is controlled by using the inverter of the present invention.

  According to the present invention, the harmonic loss of the AC motor can be minimized. As a result, effects such as prevention of material property deterioration and downsizing of the cooling system can be obtained.

The block diagram of the inverter in Example 1. FIG. Voltage / current vector diagram. Pulse pattern with 3 pulses. Pulse pattern with 5 pulses. Pulse pattern at the number of pulses n. FIG. 6 is a relationship diagram of a modulation rate and a pulse phase when the number of pulses is 3. The relationship figure of the modulation factor and harmonic loss in the number of pulses 3. FIG. 6 is a relationship diagram of a modulation rate and a pulse phase when the number of pulses is 5. The relationship figure of the modulation factor and harmonic loss in the pulse number 5. FIG. Pulse pattern with 3 pulses and a modulation rate of around 0%. Pulse pattern with 3 pulses and modulation rate + 100%. The block diagram of the inverter in Example 2. FIG. An example of the operation waveform figure at the time of the 1st carrier wave selection. An example of the operation waveform figure at the time of the 2nd carrier wave selection. The block diagram of the drive system using the inverter in Example 3 this.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  Example 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an inverter according to the first embodiment.

  The AC motor 1 is applied with a three-phase AC voltage (U-phase voltage Vu, V-phase voltage Vv, W-phase voltage Vw) from the inverter 2 so that a three-phase AC current (U-phase current Iu, V-phase current Iv, W-phase current Iw) flows and motor torque is generated. The AC motor 1 is assumed to be three-phase, but the same applies to cases other than three-phase.

  The state quantity of AC motor 1 will be described. FIG. 2 is a voltage / current vector diagram. The U axis indicates the direction of magnetic flux generated by the U phase coil of AC motor 1. The same applies to the V axis and the W axis. The S-axis is an axis obtained by rotating the U-axis counterclockwise by 90 degrees. The d axis represents the rotation axis of the AC motor 1, and its phase is θ with respect to the S axis. Further, the rotational speed of the d-axis, that is, the rotational speed of the AC motor 1 is ω. The motor voltage V1 is a combined vector of three-phase AC voltages, and the voltage phase is θv with respect to the S axis.

  The inverter 2 converts the DC voltage VDC into a three-phase AC voltage by switching and outputs it to the AC motor 1.

  The current detection means 3 detects a three-phase alternating current and outputs it to the inverter control means 5.

  The position / speed detection means 4 detects the rotor phase θ and the rotation speed ω of the AC motor 1 and outputs them to the inverter control means 5.

  The inverter control means 5 outputs a gate signal Guvw to the inverter 2 based on the three-phase alternating current, the rotor phase θ, the rotational speed ω, and the speed command ω *. Thereby, switching of the inverter 2 is controlled (PWM control), and the rotational speed ω of the AC motor 1 converges to the speed command ω *. The rotation speed command ω * may be replaced with a torque command or a current command.

  The components of the inverter control means 5 are an output voltage calculation means 51, a first pulse pattern calculation means 52, a second pulse pattern calculation means 53, a pulse pattern switching means 54, a gate signal calculation means 55, and a pulse number calculation means 56. . Each component will be described below.

  The output calculation means 51 calculates the voltage phase θv and the modulation factor Kh based on the three-phase alternating current, the rotor phase θ, and the rotation speed ω. For example, the calculation is performed according to the following procedure.

(1) Calculate motor voltage V1 and voltage phase θv by vector control of Non-Patent Document 1. (2) Derivation of modulation factor Kh by dividing motor voltage V1 by DC voltage VDC After the above calculation, voltage phase θv is , Output to the gate signal calculation means 55. The modulation factor Kh is output to the first pulse pattern calculation means 52 and the second pulse pattern calculation means 53.

  The first pulse pattern calculation unit 52 and the second pulse pattern calculation unit 53 output the first pulse pattern P1 and the second pulse pattern P2, respectively, based on the modulation rate Kh and the pulse number Pno. This is realized, for example, by storing a table in a memory. The number of pulses Pno is the total number of voltage pulses per cycle of the AC motor, and is an odd number “Pno = 2n−1 (n: integer)” due to odd symmetry described later. The pulse pattern is an arrangement pattern of voltage pulses with respect to the voltage phase θv. All pulse patterns are classified into first and second pulse patterns, and their definitions are as shown in Table 1. This definition is based on the fact that there is no pulse pattern over 0 deg or 180 deg due to the odd symmetry described later.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of a pulse pattern when the number of pulses is 3, and FIG. 3, a1, a2,..., An represent voltage pulse numbers. The pulse phases α1, α2,..., Αm (m: integer) are voltage phases θv when the voltage pulse is turned on or off. The pulse pattern is generally set so as to satisfy (Equation 1) and (Equation 2).

(Equation 1) represents odd symmetry and has the effect of unifying the phase of the harmonics included in the pulse pattern to zero. Further, (Equation 2) expresses half-wave symmetry and has the effect of making the amplitude of the even harmonics zero. Due to these symmetries, the pulse pattern is defined only between 0 and 90 deg. Therefore, the pulse pattern is defined by determining the pulse phase α1 for the number of pulses 3 shown in FIG. 3 and determining only the pulse phases α1 and α2 for the number of pulses 5 shown in FIG. In general, for the number of pulses “Pno = 2n-1”, the pulse pattern is defined by (n-1) pulse phases.

FIG. 5 shows a pulse pattern when the number of pulses Pno is generalized. FIG. 5 shows the following.
(1) In the first pulse pattern P1, there are pulses in contact with the inner side of 0 deg and 180 deg (direction including 90 deg).
(2) In the first pulse pattern P1, when n of the number of pulses “Pno = 2n−1” is an odd number “n = 2p−1 (p: integer)”, there are pulses including 90 deg. When n is an even number "n = 2p (p: integer)", there are no pulses that cross 90 deg.
(3) The nature of the second pulse pattern P2 is opposite to that of the first pulse pattern P1.
(4) When the pulse patterns P1 and P2 are switched, the pulse pattern changes discontinuously (it cannot change continuously).

  The pulse pattern switching means 54 switches the first pulse pattern P1 and the second pulse pattern P2 based on the modulation rate Kh or the number of pulses Pno. The selected pulse pattern Px is output to the gate signal calculation means 55.

  The gate signal calculation means 55 calculates the gate signal Guvw based on the voltage phase θv and the selection pulse pattern Px. For example, as shown by a point Q in FIG. 3, when the voltage phase θv is 90 deg and the first pulse pattern P1 is selected, the gate signal is turned OFF. This is calculated for three phases, and the gate signal Guvw is output to the inverter 2.

  The pulse number calculation means 56 calculates the pulse number Pno based on the fundamental frequency of the inverter 2 or the material characteristics (not shown) of the switching element. The rotational speed ω of the AC motor 1 may be used instead of the fundamental frequency of the inverter 2 (because they match if the AC motor 1 is a synchronous machine). By adjusting the number of pulses Pno, the distribution of switching loss of the inverter 2 and harmonic loss of the AC motor 1 can be optimized. The pulse number Pno is output to the first pulse pattern 52, the second pulse pattern 53, and the pulse pattern switching means 54.

  As described above, the pulse patterns P1 and P2 are switched, the inverter 2 is controlled by the selected pulse pattern Px, and the AC motor 1 is driven.

  The reason why the harmonic loss Wh of the AC motor 1 can be minimized by the present invention will be described.

  The harmonic loss Wh is the sum of hysteresis loss or eddy current loss caused by the current harmonic In, and is expressed by (Equation 3).

However, An: voltage harmonic, n: harmonic order, λ: loss factor voltage harmonic An is a harmonic included in the pulse pattern, and can be obtained by FFT analysis of the pulse pattern. The loss factor λ represents the frequency dependence of the harmonic loss Wh, and is a coefficient between 0 and 2. It is determined as follows depending on the factor of harmonic loss.
(1) λ = 0: There is no frequency dependence and copper loss is the main. (2) λ = 1: Hysteresis loss is main. (3) λ = 2: Eddy current loss is main. Now, it is shown that the harmonic loss of (Equation 3) is minimized by switching the pulse patterns P1 and P2.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the modulation rate Kh and the pulse phase α1 when the number of pulses is three. In the number of pulses 3, the pulse pattern design freedom is only the pulse phase α1. Therefore, the pulse phase α1 is uniquely determined according to the modulation rate Kh. For example, when the first pulse pattern P1 is selected, it can be seen that the pulse phase α1 gradually approaches 90 ° as the modulation factor Kh increases (upper diagram in FIG. 6). This means that the width of the voltage pulse a1 increases in FIG. Conversely, as the modulation factor Kh decreases, the pulse phase α1 approaches 0 deg and the width of the voltage pulse a1 in FIG. 3 decreases. The same applies to the second pulse pattern.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the modulation factor Kh and the harmonic loss Wh when the number of pulses is three. The harmonic loss Wh is obtained from (Equation 3), and the loss factor λ is assumed to be zero. The harmonic loss Wh is normalized with the harmonic loss of 100% modulation rate (when driving 1 pulse) as 1 (unit: p.u.). Sections M1 and M2 in FIG. 7 represent sections in which the harmonic loss Wh of the pulse patterns P1 and P2 is smaller than the other. Therefore, in the sections M1 and M2, the harmonic loss can be minimized by switching to the pulse patterns P1 and P2, respectively. For example, the modulation rate 60% is included in the section M1, and the pulse pattern P1 is selected. At this time, the harmonic loss Wh can be reduced by 2.7 p.u. compared to the case where P2 is selected. In the sections M1 and M2, the pulse patterns P2 and P1 are not applied, respectively. These non-applied pulse patterns are gray portions in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 6, when the number of pulses is 3, the pulse phase α1 is uniquely determined according to the modulation rate Kh, so there is no degree of freedom for optimizing the pulse phase α1. For this reason, harmonic loss cannot be minimized by optimizing the pulse phase. In the present invention, the harmonic loss can be minimized by switching the pulse pattern itself by the pulse pattern switching means 54.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the modulation factor Kh and the harmonic loss Wh when the number of pulses is five. When the number of pulses is 5, there are two pulse pattern design degrees of freedom, pulse phases α1 and α2. Therefore, the pulse phases α1 and α2 are not uniquely determined according to the modulation rate Kh, and there is a degree of freedom to optimize the pulse phase. Although illustration is omitted, the same applies to 7 pulses or more, and the degree of optimization increases as the number of pulses increases. The pulse phase shown in FIG. 8 is the result of optimization so as to minimize the harmonic loss Wh of (Equation 3).

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the modulation factor Kh and the harmonic loss Wh when the number of pulses is five. It can be seen that the harmonic loss can be minimized by switching the pulse patterns P1 and P2 as in the case of the number of pulses of 3 shown in FIG. The pulse patterns P1 and P2 have already been optimized, and the harmonic loss is minimized in each pulse pattern. However, in order to minimize the harmonic loss, it is necessary to compare them and switch them by the pulse pattern switching means 54.

  The reason why the harmonic loss cannot be minimized only by optimizing the pulse phase when the number of pulses is 5 or more is due to the discontinuity of the pulse patterns P1 and P2. As is apparent from FIG. 5, the pulse patterns P1 and P2 cannot be continuously changed without changing the number of pulses. That is, the pulse patterns P1 and P2 cannot be optimized in the same framework, and it is necessary to compare the two after optimizing individually. In the present invention, focusing on this point, the pulse pattern switching means 54 is provided.

  From the above, the harmonic loss Wh of the AC motor 1 can be minimized. The following is a supplementary explanation.

  It is not necessary to switch all of the pulse patterns P1 and P2, and some of them may be omitted. For example, it is only necessary to switch at a modulation rate of 0%.

(1) Modulation rate Kh> 0: First pulse pattern P1
(2) Modulation rate Kh <0: Second pulse pattern P2
In order to obtain the boundary values of the intervals M1 and M2, it is necessary to solve an optimization problem with the objective function of (Equation 3). However, it is clear from the symmetry of the pulse pattern that it is necessary to switch at a modulation rate of 0%, and no optimization calculation is required. The reason why the first pulse pattern P1 is selected when the modulation factor Kh> 0 will be described below.

  FIG. 10 shows a pulse pattern when the number of pulses is 3 and the modulation rate is around 0%. When the modulation rate is 0%, the width of the voltage pulses a1 and a2 is 60 °. When the modulation rate Kh is slightly increased, it is necessary to increase the width of the voltage pulses a1 and a2 by Δa. At this time, the first pulse pattern P1 can be provided with a voltage pulse closer to 90 deg (the maximum point of the U-phase voltage Vu). For this reason, it is considered that the first pulse pattern P1 has a smaller voltage harmonic and a smaller harmonic loss.

  The reason for selecting the second pulse pattern when the modulation factor Kh <0 is explained in the same manner as described above.

  In FIG. 10, the same applies when the number of pulses Pno is greater than 3. The pulse pattern shown in FIG. 10 has a period of 120 degrees and includes only a triple frequency component. When the AC motor 1 is three-phase, the triple frequency component is canceled out, so the harmonic loss is zero. Therefore, as long as the pulse phase is correctly optimized, the same pulse pattern as in FIG. 10 is obtained regardless of the number of pulses Pno. For example, when the pulse number Pno is 5, when the modulation rate Kh is asymptotic to 0%, it can be seen from FIG. 8 that the voltage pulse width a1 is asymptotic to 60 deg (in the second pulse pattern P2, the voltage phase θv: 60 deg. Although it appears to be 30 deg wide at ~ 90 deg, the voltage phase θv is 60 deg wide from 60 deg to 120 deg due to symmetry).

  The consistency between the simple switching method at a modulation rate of 0% and FIGS. 7 and 9 will be described.

  7 and 9, the pulse pattern for minimizing the harmonic loss Wh at the modulation rate of 0% is switched as described above. Further, at a modulation rate of 0%, the harmonic loss Wh is 0, and the pulse patterns P1 and P2 are each optimized correctly.

  As described above, the harmonic loss can be easily reduced by switching the pulse patterns P1 and P2 at the modulation rate of 0%.

  The pulse patterns P1 and P2 may be switched only in the vicinity of the modulation rate ± 100%. Here, the expression “near” is because the fact that a strict modulation rate ± 100% can be output is limited to one-pulse driving. (Table 2) shows pulse pattern switching in the vicinity of the modulation rate ± 100%. “N” in (Table 2) is the same as “n” in FIG. 5 and is the number of pulses “Pno = 2n−1”. Hereinafter, the basis of Table 2 will be described.

  FIG. 11 shows a pulse pattern when the number of pulses is 3 (n = 2) and the modulation rate is near + 100%. When the modulation rate Kh is slightly reduced from 100%, it is necessary to reduce the width of the voltage pulses a1 and a2 by the pulse width Δa. At this time, if the voltage pulse is reduced from a position close to 90 °, the decrease in the fundamental component is larger than the decrease in the harmonic component. For this reason, the first pulse pattern P1 has a higher harmonic loss than the second pulse pattern. Therefore, the second pulse pattern P2 is selected when the number of pulses is 3 (n = 2) and the modulation rate is near + 100%. In general, in FIG. 5, a pulse pattern having a voltage pulse over 90 ° has a small harmonic loss near the modulation rate + 100%. Conversely, a pulse pattern with a voltage pulse that does not cross 90 ° has a small harmonic loss near the modulation rate of -100%. In summary, the switching method of (Table 2) is obtained.

  The switching method of (Table 2) and the consistency between FIGS. 7 and 9 will be described. In FIG. 7 (number of pulses 3: n = 2), the harmonic loss is smaller in the pulse patterns P2 and P1 near the modulation rate + 100% and -100%, respectively. In FIG. 9 (number of pulses 5: n = 3), the harmonic loss is smaller in the pulse patterns P1 and P2 near the modulation rate + 100% and -100%, respectively. The above is consistent with the switching method in (Table 2).

  The switching method in (Table 2) may be performed simply. That is, when the modulation rate Kh is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, (Table 2) may be applied with the modulation rate near + 100%, and when the modulation rate Kh is equal to or less than the predetermined value, the modulation rate is near −100%. The absolute value of the harmonic loss is large when the absolute value of the modulation factor is large. In this case, the harmonic loss can be minimized. That is, harmonic loss can be effectively reduced with a small number of switching times.

  When the number of pulses is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the switching of the pulse patterns P1 and P2 may be stopped. This is because the absolute amount of harmonic loss decreases as the number of pulses increases.

  Hereinafter, Example 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 12 shows a configuration diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. However, the same points as in the first embodiment are omitted. In the second embodiment, the inverter control unit 3 includes a first carrier wave output unit 521, a second carrier wave output unit 531, a carrier wave switching unit 541, a sine wave output unit 57, and a PWM unit 58. This shows that the pulse pattern can be switched easily.

  The first carrier wave output means 521 outputs the first carrier wave C1 to the carrier wave switching means 541.

  The second carrier wave output means 531 outputs the second carrier wave C2 to the carrier wave switching means 541.

  The carrier wave switching means 541 switches the carrier waves C1 and C2 and outputs them to the PWM means 58.

  The sine wave output means 57 outputs a U-phase voltage command Vu * to the PWM means 58 based on the modulation factor Kh.

  The PWM means 58 outputs the PWM signal P-PWM to the gate signal calculation means based on the selected carrier wave Cx and the U-phase voltage command Vu *.

  FIG. 13 is an operation waveform diagram when the first carrier wave is selected. FIG. 14 is an operation waveform diagram when the second carrier wave is selected. The carrier waves C1 and C2 have opposite signs, and the PWM signal P-PWM can be switched by switching them. Selecting the carrier waves C1 and C2 corresponds to selecting the first pulse pattern P1 and the second pulse pattern P2 of the first embodiment, respectively.

  Compared to the first embodiment, a feature of this embodiment is that it is not necessary to store a table of pulse patterns P1 and P2 in a memory. That is, it can be implemented simply by inverting the sign of the carrier wave according to the modulation rate Kh. For this reason, the cost of the inverter control means 3 can be reduced.

    Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 15 shows a configuration diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. However, the same points as in the first embodiment are omitted. In the third embodiment, the inverter 2 is used to control the AC motor 1 that is the drive source of the wheels 6 of the vehicle 7.

  Since the AC motor 1 is housed inside the wheel 6, the torque density per volume is designed to be extremely high. Therefore, the loss reduction of the AC motor 1 is an important issue. According to the present invention, the harmonic loss of the AC motor 1 can be reduced without changing the number of pulses, that is, without increasing the loss of the inverter 2. Therefore, the cooling system can be reduced in size and simplified.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... AC motor 2 ... Inverter means 3 ... Current detection means 4 ... Position / speed detection means 5 ... Inverter control means 51 ... Output voltage calculation means 52 ... First pulse pattern calculation means 53 ... Second pulse pattern calculation means 531 ... First 1 carrier wave output means 532 second carrier wave output means 54 pulse pattern switching means 541 carrier wave switching means 55 gate signal computing means 56 pulse number computing means 57 sine wave outputting means 58 PWM means 6 wheels 7 vehicle

VDC ... DC voltage
Vu, Vv, Vw… U phase voltage, V phase voltage, W phase voltage, Vu *… U phase voltage command
V1 ... Motor voltage
Iu, Iv, Iw ... U phase current, V phase current, W phase current θv ... Voltage phase θ ... Rotor phase ω * ... Speed command, ω ... Rotation speed
Kh: Modulation rate
P1 ... 1st pulse pattern, P2 ... 2nd pulse pattern, P-PWM ... PWM signal
C1 ... 1st carrier, C2 ... 2nd carrier
a1, a2, ..., an: Voltage pulse
Pno ... number of pulses

Claims (8)

In an inverter that switches direct current to alternating current,
Let n be an integer,
The number of pulses per cycle is (2n-1).
A first pulse pattern in which the number of pulses of voltage phase 0 to 180 deg and 180 to 360 deg is n and (n-1), respectively,
The second pulse pattern with the voltage phase 0 to 180 deg and 180 to 360 deg as the number of pulses (n-1) and n, respectively,
An inverter characterized by switching based on a modulation rate.
The inverter of claim 1,
An inverter characterized in that the number of pulses is changed based on the fundamental frequency of the inverter.
The inverter of claim 1,
An inverter characterized by switching between the first pulse pattern and the second pulse pattern so as to minimize the harmonic loss Wh of (Equation 3).
Where An: nth order voltage harmonics, n: Order, λ: Loss factor (0 ≤ λ ≤ 2)
The inverter of claim 1,
When the modulation factor is positive, switch to the first pulse pattern,
An inverter that switches to the second pulse pattern when the modulation factor is negative.
The inverter of claim 1,
(1) When n is an odd number and the modulation rate is a predetermined value or more, the first pulse pattern (2) When n is an odd number and the modulation rate is a predetermined value or less, the second pulse pattern (3) The n is When the modulation rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the second pulse pattern (4) When n is an even number and the modulation rate is equal to or less than the predetermined value, according to at least one of the first pulse patterns,
An inverter that switches between the first pulse pattern and the second pulse pattern.
The inverter of claim 1,
When the number of pulses is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the switching of the pulse pattern is stopped.
The inverter of claim 1,
An inverter that inverts a carrier wave based on the modulation rate.
Using the inverter of claim 1,
A drive system that controls an AC motor that is a drive source of the drive system.