JP2015515938A - ハニカム押出装置および方法 - Google Patents
ハニカム押出装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015515938A JP2015515938A JP2015511565A JP2015511565A JP2015515938A JP 2015515938 A JP2015515938 A JP 2015515938A JP 2015511565 A JP2015511565 A JP 2015511565A JP 2015511565 A JP2015511565 A JP 2015511565A JP 2015515938 A JP2015515938 A JP 2015515938A
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 56
- XBWAZCLHZCFCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2h-1,4-benzodiazepin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2[NH+](C)CCN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XBWAZCLHZCFCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/11—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels comprising two or more partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. honeycomb-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
- B28B17/0072—Product control or inspection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
- B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
- B28B3/2681—Adjustable dies, e.g. for altering the shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
- B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
- B28B3/269—For multi-channeled structures, e.g. honeycomb structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B29C48/302—Extrusion nozzles or dies being adjustable, i.e. having adjustable exit sections
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/0089—Producing honeycomb structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
- B30B11/221—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor extrusion dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
- B28B2003/203—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded for multi-channelled structures, e.g. honeycomb structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
- B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
- B28B3/2636—Extrusion dies using means for co-extruding different materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
- B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
- B28B3/2672—Means for adjusting the flow inside the die, e.g. using choke means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/9258—Velocity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/251—Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments
- B29C48/2511—Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments by modelling material flow, e.g. melt interaction with screw and barrel
- B29C48/2515—Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments by modelling material flow, e.g. melt interaction with screw and barrel in the die zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/268—Throttling of the flow, e.g. for cooperating with plasticising elements or for degassing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
- B29C48/286—Raw material dosing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
- B29C48/325—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles being adjustable, i.e. having adjustable exit sections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D24/00—Producing articles with hollow walls
- B29D24/002—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled
- B29D24/005—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled the structure having joined ribs, e.g. honeycomb
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D24/00—Producing articles with hollow walls
- B29D24/002—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled
- B29D24/005—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled the structure having joined ribs, e.g. honeycomb
- B29D24/007—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled the structure having joined ribs, e.g. honeycomb and a chamfered edge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0006—Honeycomb structures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0006—Honeycomb structures
- C04B38/0009—Honeycomb structures characterised by features relating to the cell walls, e.g. wall thickness or distribution of pores in the walls
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
103 ダイ装置
121 マスク
201 ダイ本体
203 ダイピン
205 押出し面
207 ハニカム網
209 排出スロット
211 周縁間隙
211a 第1の押出し断面
211b 第2の押出し断面
215a 第1組の排出スロット
215b 第2組の排出スロット
217a、217b スロット方向
219a、219b スロット平面
221a、221b 第1半径方向位置
223 ピン横断平面
227 第2半径方向位置
305 押出し軸
307 外側周縁表面
311 内側周縁表面
707a、707b、707c、707d ローブ
Claims (5)
- ハニカム押出装置において、
排出スロットのハニカム網を備えた押出し面を画成する、間隔の空いたピンのアレイを含むダイ本体であって、前記排出スロットが前記ダイ本体の押出し軸に沿って延在し、該ダイ本体が、前記押出し軸から見て外側に向きかつ前記押出し面を囲む、外側周縁表面をさらに含んでいる、ダイ本体、および、
前記ダイ本体の前記外側周縁表面を少なくとも部分的に囲む内側周縁表面を含む、マスクであって、前記内側周縁表面と前記外側周縁表面との間に周縁間隙が画成され、かつ該周縁間隙が前記ピンのアレイを囲むものであり、さらに前記周縁間隙が、前記押出し軸に対する第1半径方向位置で第1の押出し断面を含み、かつ前記周縁間隙が、前記押出し軸に対する第2半径方向位置で第2の押出し断面を含み、前記第1の押出し断面の全流量範囲が前記第2の押出し断面の全流量範囲よりも小さい、マスク、
を備えていることを特徴とするハニカム押出装置。 - 前記内側周縁表面が前記外側周縁表面と幾何学的に類似したものではなく、例えば前記外側周縁表面と前記内側周縁表面とのうちの1つが円形の円錐台形表面を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載のハニカム押出装置。
- 前記内側周縁表面と前記外側周縁表面とのうちの1つがローブ状の円錐台形表面を含み、該ローブ状の円錐台形表面が、前記ダイ本体の前記押出し軸の周囲で実質的に互いに等しく間隔を空けた、4つのローブ状部分を随意的に含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載のハニカム押出装置。
- 第1組の複数の前記排出スロットが夫々スロット方向に沿って延在し、かつ第1のスロット平面が、前記スロット方向に沿って延在しかつ前記第1半径方向位置を含み、さらに随意的に横断平面が、前記スロット方向に沿って延在したものではなくかつ前記第2半径方向位置を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載のハニカム押出装置。
- 前記周縁間隙の押出し断面の全流量範囲が、前記第1半径方向位置と前記第2半径方向位置との間で、前記押出し軸の周囲方向において実質的に連続的に変化することを特徴とする請求項1記載のハニカム押出装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/466,544 US9475245B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2012-05-08 | Honeycomb extrusion apparatus and methods |
US13/466,544 | 2012-05-08 | ||
PCT/US2013/039653 WO2013169629A2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2013-05-06 | Honeycomb extrusion apparatus and methods |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2015515938A true JP2015515938A (ja) | 2015-06-04 |
JP2015515938A5 JP2015515938A5 (ja) | 2016-06-09 |
JP6376701B2 JP6376701B2 (ja) | 2018-08-22 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2015511565A Active JP6376701B2 (ja) | 2012-05-08 | 2013-05-06 | ハニカム押出装置および方法 |
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Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9475245B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2846990B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6376701B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104619482B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013169629A2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018122511A (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-09 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体の製造方法及びハニカム構造体 |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20140060253A1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-06 | Thomas William Brew | Methods of manufacturing a die body |
JP6673209B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-30 | 2020-03-25 | 日立金属株式会社 | セラミックハニカム構造体及びその製造方法、並びにハニカム成形用金型 |
MX2017006847A (es) | 2014-11-25 | 2018-03-09 | Corning Inc | Métodos de inspección de material extrudido y control de retroalimentación integrados para la fabricación de cuerpos de panal. |
PL3414066T3 (pl) * | 2016-02-11 | 2020-06-01 | Corning Incorporated | Komponenty do formowania wytłocznego korpusów typu plaster miodu |
CN107379599B (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-05-21 | 沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司 | 一种利用“梳”型卡具进行蜂窝拼接的方法 |
JP7305695B2 (ja) | 2021-03-26 | 2023-07-10 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 柱状ハニカム焼成体の製造方法 |
WO2024118416A1 (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-06 | Corning Incorporated | Ceramic honeycomb bodies having multimodal pore size distribution from walls with porous surface structure formed in situ during extrusion |
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JPH11268018A (ja) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-10-05 | Nippon Soken Inc | セラミックハニカム構造体および押出金型 |
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JP2003260322A (ja) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-16 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | ハニカム構造体、その製造方法及び排ガス浄化システム |
JP2005501991A (ja) * | 2001-08-30 | 2005-01-20 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 様々な通路サイズを持つハニカムおよびその製造用ダイ |
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EP2846990B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
JP6376701B2 (ja) | 2018-08-22 |
CN104619482B (zh) | 2018-11-09 |
US20130300016A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
WO2013169629A2 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
WO2013169629A3 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
CN104619482A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
EP2846990A2 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
US9475245B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
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