JP2015507813A - 石油燃料を使用した水素および電気の複合生産のための方法およびシステム - Google Patents
石油燃料を使用した水素および電気の複合生産のための方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015507813A JP2015507813A JP2014542559A JP2014542559A JP2015507813A JP 2015507813 A JP2015507813 A JP 2015507813A JP 2014542559 A JP2014542559 A JP 2014542559A JP 2014542559 A JP2014542559 A JP 2014542559A JP 2015507813 A JP2015507813 A JP 2015507813A
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- hydrogen
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
- B60S5/02—Supplying fuel to vehicles; General disposition of plant in filling stations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
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- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
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- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
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Abstract
Description
[図1]
[炭化水素燃料]
[水素化脱硫システム]
[スチーム改質器]
[改質器触媒反応炉管]
[改質器燃焼室]
[水性ガスシフト反応炉システム]
[水素精製システム]
[水素圧縮および貯蔵システム]
[予備改質器]
[予備SOFC吸着ベッド]
[固体酸化物形燃料電池]
[酸素発生システム]
[CO2精製および液化システム]
[HFCVおよびEVのための代替燃料供給ステーション]
[機器の支持]
[実施例]
Claims (30)
- SOFCシステムを使用して精製二酸化炭素生成物、電力、および圧縮水素生成物を生産するための、SOFCシステムを使用する方法であって、SOFCシステムを使用する前記方法は、
炭化水素燃料を前記SOFCシステムに導入することと、
スチームを前記SOFCシステムに導入することと、
前記SOFCシステムを作動させることによって、アノード排気リサイクルを生成し、予備改質器に渡し、それにより、前記予備改質器内のスチームと炭素のモル比が約3:1から約4:1の範囲となり、改質器燃焼室内に存在するすべての炭化水素および水素を十分に燃焼するために必要な化学量論量を超過している前記改質器燃焼室に酸素が渡り、前記精製二酸化炭素生成物、電力、および前記圧縮水素生成物が生産され、前記SOFCシステム内で生産される合計二酸化炭素の90%超が、前記精製二酸化炭素生成物に変換されることと、の各ステップを含み、
前記SOFCシステムは、水素圧縮および貯蔵システムと流体的に連結し、炭化水素燃料を受け取るように作動可能な水素化脱硫システムを含み、スチーム改質器は触媒反応炉管および前記改質器燃焼室を有し、ここで、前記触媒反応炉管は水素化脱硫システムと連結し、スチームを受け取るように作動可能であり、前記改質器燃焼室は前記触媒反応炉管と熱的に連結し、固体酸化物形燃料電池のアノード側の出口と酸素発生器システムの両方に流体的に連結し、そして炭化水素燃料を受け取るように作動可能であり、水素精製システムは前記触媒反応炉管に流体的に連結し、精製済水素ガスを生産するように作動可能であり、水素圧縮および貯蔵システムは前記水素精製システムと流体的に連結し、圧縮水素生成物を生産するように作動可能であり、前記予備改質器は前記固体酸化物形燃料電池の前記アノード側の前記出口と流体的に連結し、そして前記炭化水素燃料を受け取り、予備改質器合成ガス生成物を生産するように作動可能であり、前記固体酸化物形燃料電池は電力を生産するように作動可能であり、前記アノード側を有し、前記アノード側は前記予備改質器および前記水素精製システムの両方と流体的に連結する入口を有し、前記アノード排気ガスを生産するように作動可能で、酸素発生システムは酸素を生産するように作動可能で、CO2精製および液化システムは前記改質器燃焼室と流体的に連結し、精製二酸化炭素生成物を生産するように作動可能である、方法。 - 前記炭化水素燃料を導入する前記ステップは、組成的類似炭化水素燃料を、前記炭化水素燃料を受け取るように作動可能な前記SOFCシステムの各部に導入することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 炭化水素燃料を導入する前記ステップは、第1の炭化水素供給原料組成を、炭化水素燃料を受け取るように作動可能な前記SOFCシステムの一部分に導入することと、第2の炭化水素燃料組成を、炭化水素燃料を受け取るように作動可能な前記SOFCシステムのまた別の一部分に導入することと、を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、前記圧縮水素生成物の一部分を前記水素圧縮および貯蔵システムから前記水素化脱硫システムに渡すことを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- スチームを導入する前記ステップは、前記触媒反応炉管内のスチームと炭素のモル供給原料比が2:1から4:1の範囲であるようにスチームを導入することを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、前記触媒反応炉管の温度を775℃から825℃の範囲に、および、8バールから10バールの範囲の圧力に維持することを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 必要な前記化学量論量の前記超過は、前記改質器燃焼室内に存在する前記炭化水素および水素のすべてを十分に燃焼させるために必要な前記化学量論量よりも少なくとも10パーセント多いことである、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、前記スチーム改質器を少なくとも90℃の温度差で前記改質器燃焼室と前記触媒反応炉管の間で維持することを含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、99.50から99.99モルパーセントの範囲の水素純度を有する精製された水素ガスを生産することを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記触媒反応炉管に関する前記スチームと炭素のモル比が、前記予備改質器に関するスチームと炭素のモル比より小さい、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、新鮮または作成スチームを前記予備改質器に導入することを含まない、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、前記予備改質器を断熱的に作動させることを含む、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、前記予備改質器の前記温度を350℃から400℃の範囲に維持することを含む、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、乾モル基準で15パーセントから20パーセントの範囲でメタンを有する前記予備改質器合成ガス生成物を生産することを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、前記固体酸化物形燃料電池の前記アノード側の前記温度を、725℃から775℃の範囲に維持することを含む、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCを作動させる前記ステップは、乾モル基準で95.00から99.99モルパーセントの範囲で酸素純度を有する酸素を生産することを含む、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムを作動させる前記ステップは、10ppmモル未満の酸素濃度を有する前記精製二酸化炭素生成物を生産することを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記SOFCシステムの前記酸素発生システムは、前記固体酸化物形燃料電池に電気的に連結し、水および電力を受け取り、電解水素および電解酸素を生産するように作動可能である電解セルを含み、前記水素圧縮および貯蔵システムは前記酸素発生システムとも流体的に連結し、
前記SOFCシステムに水を導入することと、
電力が前記酸素発生システムに渡って前記酸素発生システムが電解酸素および電解水素の両方を別々に生産するようにし、そして前記電解水素が前記水素圧縮および貯蔵システムに渡るように、前記SOFCシステムを作動させること、のステップをさらに含む、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 精製二酸化炭素生成物、電気動力車両に好適である電力、スチームおよび炭化水素燃料を使用する水素燃料電池車両に好適である圧縮水素生成物、を生産するために有用であるSOFCシステムであって、
水素圧縮および貯蔵システムと流体的に連結し、炭化水素燃料を受け取るように作動可能である水素化脱硫システムと、
触媒反応炉管および改質器燃焼室を有するスチーム改質器であって、前記触媒反応炉管は前記水素化脱硫システムと流体的に連結し、過熱スチームを受け取るように作動可能であり、前記改質器燃焼室は前記触媒反応炉管と熱的に連結し、固体酸化物形燃料電池のアノード側の出口と酸素発生器システムの両方と流体的に連結し、前記炭化水素燃料を受け取るように作動可能である、スチーム改質器と、
前記改質器触媒反応炉管と流体的に連結し、一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素と水素に変換するように作動可能な、水性ガスシフト反応炉システムと、
前記水性ガスシフト反応炉システムと流体的に連結し、精製された水素ガスを生産するように作動可能な、水素精製システムと、
前記水素精製システムと流体的に連結し、圧縮水素生成物を生産するように作動可能な、水素圧縮および貯蔵システムと、
前記固体酸化物形燃料電池の前記アノード側の前記出口と流体的に連結し、前記炭化水素燃料を受け取り、そして予備改質器合成ガス生成物を生産するように作動可能な、予備改質器と、
前記アノード側を有し、電力を生産するように作動可能である前記固体酸化物形燃料電池であって、前記アノード側は、前記予備改質器および前記水素精製システムの両方と流体的に連結し、アノード排気ガスを生産するように作動可能な入り口を有する、前記固体酸化物形燃料電池と、
酸素を生産するように作動可能な前記酸素発生システムと、
前記改質器燃焼室と流体的に連結し、精製二酸化炭素生成物を生産するように作動可能な、CO2精製および液化システムと、を備えるSOFCシステム。 - 前記水性ガスシフト反応炉システムは、直列に連結する高温シフト反応炉と低温シフト反応炉を備え、各反応炉は異なる水性ガスシフト触媒を含む、請求項19に記載のSOFCシステム。
- 前記水素精製システムは圧力スイング吸着ユニットである、請求項20の請求項19に記載のSOFCシステム。
- 前記予備改質器は硫黄耐性のある貴活性金属触媒を含む、請求項19〜21のいずれかに記載のSOFCシステム。
- 前記SOFCシステムの前記酸素発生システムは、前記固体酸化物形燃料電池と電気的に連結し、水および電力を受け取ることと、電解水素および電解酸素を生産することの両方を作動可能な電解セルを含み、前記水素圧縮および貯蔵システムは前記酸素発生システムとも流体的に連結する、請求項19〜22のいずれかに記載のSOFCシステム。
- 前記電解セルはプロトン交換膜である、請求項23に記載のSOFCシステム。
- 代替燃料貯蔵装置を有する代替燃料車両に燃料供給するための代替燃料燃料供給ステーションを使用する方法であって、代替燃料供給ステーションを使用する前記方法は、
前記代替燃料燃料供給ステーションのSOFCシステムに別々にスチームおよび炭化水素燃料を導入することと、
前記代替燃料が生産されるように前記SOFCシステムを作動させることと、
前記SOFCシステムと前記代替燃料貯蔵装置との間に導管を形成するように、代替燃料車両を前記代替燃料供給ステーションに連結することと、
前記代替燃料貯蔵装置の貯蔵能力が超過されないように、前記代替燃料を前記代替燃料車両に導入することと、
前記代替燃料車両を前記代替燃料供給ステーションから連結解除することと、を含み、
前記代替燃料燃料供給ステーションは前記SOFCシステムを含み、電気導管は、電気代替燃料車両の代替燃料貯蔵装置を前記SOFCシステムの前記固体酸化物形燃料電池に電気的に連結することと、前記SOFCシステムによって生産された電流を前記電気代替燃料車両に運搬することの両方を作動可能であり、圧縮水素導管は、水素代替燃料車両の代替燃料貯蔵装置を前記SOFCシステムの前記水素圧縮および貯蔵システムに流体的に連結し、約350バールから約700バールの範囲の圧力を有し、かつ99.99パーセントの水素モル純度を有する圧縮水素を前記水素代替燃料車両に運搬するように作動可能である、方法。 - 水を前記代替燃料燃料供給ステーションの前記SOFCシステムに導入する前記ステップをさらに含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記代替燃料は圧縮水素生成物であり、前記代替燃料車両は水素燃料電池車両である、請求項25または請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記代替燃料は電力であり、前記代替燃料車両は電気車両である、請求項25〜27のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記炭化水素燃料は、ナフサ、ケロシン、およびそれらの組み合わせを含む群から選択される、請求項25〜28のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 電気および水素両方の代替燃料車両に同時に燃料供給するために有用な代替燃料燃料供給ステーションであって、
SOFCシステムと、
前記電気代替燃料車両の代替燃料貯蔵装置を前記SOFCシステムの前記固体酸化物形燃料電池に電気的に連結し、前記SOFCシステムによって生産される電流を前記電気代替燃料車両に運搬するように作動可能な電気導管と、
前記水素代替燃料車両の代替燃料貯蔵装置を前記SOFCシステムの前記水素圧縮および貯蔵システムに流体的に連結することと、約350バールから約700バールの範囲の圧力を有し、かつ約99.99パーセントの水素モル純度を有する圧縮水素を前記水素代替燃料車両に運搬することの両方を作動可能な、圧縮水素導管と、を備え、
前記代替燃料燃料供給ステーションが電気および水素両方の代替燃料車両に同時に燃料供給可能である、代替燃料燃料供給ステーション。
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EP2783413B1 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
US10008730B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 |
US20150266393A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
KR101768757B1 (ko) | 2017-08-30 |
US10218020B2 (en) | 2019-02-26 |
SG11201402220UA (en) | 2014-06-27 |
US10283795B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
KR20140098158A (ko) | 2014-08-07 |
CA2855780C (en) | 2018-05-08 |
US9365131B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 |
CN103999277A (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
CA2855780A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
CA2996543C (en) | 2020-02-25 |
US9806364B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
KR102080819B1 (ko) | 2020-02-24 |
US20180048007A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
US20130126038A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
KR20170095397A (ko) | 2017-08-22 |
US20180261861A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
US20160240877A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
JP5970076B2 (ja) | 2016-08-17 |
WO2013078142A3 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
CN103999277B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
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