JP2015096665A - セルロース系繊維の吸収性シート、および、その製造法 - Google Patents
セルロース系繊維の吸収性シート、および、その製造法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/002—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper
- D21H27/004—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters
- D21H27/005—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties, e.g. tensile strength, stretch, softness
- D21H27/007—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties, e.g. tensile strength, stretch, softness relating to absorbency, e.g. amount or rate of water absorption, optionally in combination with other parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
- B31F1/12—Crêping
- B31F1/122—Crêping the paper being submitted to an additional mechanical deformation other than crêping, e.g. for making it elastic in all directions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
- B31F1/12—Crêping
- B31F1/126—Crêping including making of the paper to be crêped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
- B31F1/12—Crêping
- B31F1/16—Crêping by elastic belts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/006—Making patterned paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/002—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/02—Patterned paper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24446—Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
- Y10T428/24455—Paper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】ウェブを、平らな穴開きポリマ系クレーピングベルトを用い、30%から60%の濃度でベルトクレーピングすることにより、セルロース系繊維の吸収性シートを形成する。これにより、シートの一方の側に、局所坪量の低い結合部位で繋ぎ合わされた、高繊維質で局所坪量が高く、中空ドーム形部分と傘状の高繊維質部分とを備えた部位を持つ吸収性シートが形成される。
【選択図】図4
Description
ベルトクレープ比 = 転送シリンダ速度÷クレーピングベルト速度
ベルトクレープは、次のように算出した割合としても表される。
ベルトクレープ = [ベルトクレープ比−1]×100
ラインクレープ = [ラインクレープ比−1]×100
試験手順は、一般に以下のとおりである。
(a)プラテンを上げ、試験するロールまたはスリーブを横にして、プラテンの真下、テールシールを計測器の前に、コアを計測器の背に平行に置く。
(b)ロールまたはスリーブに載るまでゆっくりとプラテンを下げる。
(c)直近の0.01インチ(0.254mm)まで、ゲージ指針から圧縮したロールの直径またはスリーブの高さを読み取る。
(d)プラテンを上げ、ロールまたはスリーブを外す。
(e)試験するそれぞれのロールまたはスリーブに対してこれを繰り返す。
100×[(初めのロールの直径−圧縮したロールの直径)/初めのロールの直径]
PWI = [(W2−W1)/W1]×100
式中、“W1”は、試験片の乾燥重量(g)
“W2”は、試験片の湿重量(g)
8個全ての試験片それぞれのPWIを上記のようにして求め、8個の試験片の平均をその試料のPWIとする。
空隙容量比は、PWIを1.9(液体の密度)で割って算出し、その比を百分率で表す。これに対し、空隙容量(gms/gm)は単に重量増加比、つまり、100で割ったPWIである。
実施例1〜実施例4では、図4〜図7に示すベルト50を使用し、ユーカリ50%、北方産針葉樹(Northern Softwood)50%の混合ティッシュ紙料を用いた。図39〜図40Cは、実施例3に従って製造したシートのドーム断面のX線トモグラフィである。図39はドーム断面の平面図であり、図40A、図40B、図40Cは、図39中に示されている線に沿って見た断面を示している。図40A、図40B、図40Cのそれぞれで、ドームの前縁の上方および内側へ突出している部位が、非常に圧密化されていることが見て取れる。
摩擦測定値は一般に、Dwigginsらによる米国特許第6,827,819号に概略的に述べられているように、特殊な高感度荷重測定装置と特注のトップおよびサンプル支持ブロックを備えた、Lab Master滑り・摩擦試験機(モデル32-90;Testing Machines Inc.(11722 ニューヨーク州アイランディア、エクスプレスウェイ・ドライブ・サウス2910, 800-678-3221, www.testingmachines.com)製)を用いて得た。摩擦試験機には、KES−SE摩擦センサ(ノリユキ・ウエズミ、カトーテック株式会社、京都支社、600-8216 京都府下京区西洞院通東塩小路上ル、日本生命京都三哲ビル3F、075-361-6360、katotech@mx1.alpha-web.ne.jp)を取り付けた。使用したスレッド(sled)の移動速度は10mm/分であり、必要とされた力を、ここでは表面テクスチャ平均力として報告した。試験前に供試試料を、23.0±1℃(73.4±1.8度F)、50%±2%RHの雰囲気中で状態調節した。
通気乾燥した製品と考えられる市販の高品質の製品の比較用データと共に、2枚重ねタオル用の最終製品のデータを表5に、2枚重ねティッシュ用の最終製品のデータを表6に示す。
坪量の変化を検出するため、β線透過写真画像形成法を用いて、本発明の吸収性シートと様々な市販品とを分析した。使用した手法は、その内容を本件に引用して援用する、Kellerら, β-Radiographic Imaging of Paper Formation Using Storage Phosphor Screens, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, Vol. 27, Vo. 4, pp. 115-123, April 2001に述べられている。
先の記述および試料のβ線透過写真画像から、また前述の顕微鏡写真から、本発明の製品の坪量変化は、多くの場合、二次元パターンを示すことが分かる。本発明のこの構造を、本発明に従って製造したシートの、β線透過写真画像の二次元高速フーリエ変換解析を用いて確認した。図24Aは、図10B、図10Dに示す種類の抄紙機で、図4〜図7に示す形状を持つクレーピングベルトを用いて製造したシートの、最初のβ線透過写真画像を示している。図24Aの画像を、2D−FFTにより、周波数領域に変換したものを図24Bに概略的に示す。このとき“マスク”を発生させて、周波数領域内の高坪量部位を除外した。マスクした周波数領域に逆2D−FFTを行って、図24Cの空間(物理)領域を発生させた。これは基本的に、その周期性に基づいてマスクされた高坪量部位を含まない、図24Aのシートである。
前述の顕微鏡写真とプロフィールに示された結果を定量化するため、更に詳細な試験群を、表8に示すように、先行技術によるファブリッククレープ化シートおよび競合するTADタオルと共に述べたような、先に実験したシートのいくつかについて行った。
センタープル用の紙タオルの試料を、表10に記載の紙料から製造した。この表には、この用途に現在用いられているTADタオルのデータも含まれており、またその性質が、ファブリッククレーピング技術で製造した、その用途用に現在市販されている対照タオルと、EPA統括的調達(Comprehensive Procurement)ガイドラインに適合した、またはそれを超える、十分なリサイクル繊維を含む、同用途用のEPA“適合”タオルの、比較用データと共に含まれている。TADタオルは、TAD技術で製造した製品であり、この用途用にも市販されている。もちろん、22624と識別されている紙タオルは、非常に速いWARおよび高いCD湿潤引張り強さと共に、際だったハンドパネル柔軟性(訓練を受けた官能パネルで測定)を示すため、センタープル用に極めて適していると言える。図29A〜図29Fは、22624紙タオルの表面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真であり、図29Gおよび図29Hは、22624と識別されている紙タオルの製造に用いたベルトの形状と大きさを示している。表11は、この試験に関連して製造したタオルのベースシートの更に詳しい結果を示しており、表12は、先行技術による“対照”およびこの用途用に現在市販されているTADタオルと比較した、選択した紙タオルの摩擦係数を示している。
更に、バスおよび/またはフェイシャルティッシュ用(表12A参照)の、本発明のシートの試料群を調製して、実施例13〜実施例18と同様に分析した。これらの分析結果を図34A〜図37Dに示す。表13は、これらのティッシュ製品の物理的性質を示したものである。図35は、試料20513による、ティッシュシートの顕微鏡写真画像である。図34A〜図34Cは、実施例26のシートの表面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真であり、図36E〜図36Gは、実施例28のシートの走査型電子顕微鏡写真である。図34A〜図34Cと図36E〜図36Gの両方で、多くの場合、ドームのキャップは圧密化しており、際だって柔らかく、滑らかなシートを、驚くほど生じることに注目されたい。バスおよびフェイシャルティッシュ製品用として、特に、圧密化キャップが回転楕円体シェルの先端部の一般的形状を持つ場合に、この構造が特に好ましいと考えられる。
Claims (25)
- (a)シートの平均坪量よりも高い局所坪量を有する複数の高繊維質部位と、
(b)前記高繊維質部位の前記局所坪量よりも低い局所坪量を有し、前記高繊維質部位を互いに繋ぎ合わせる、結合部位と、
を備えた、セルロース系繊維の吸収性シートであって、
前記高繊維質部位は、
(i)中空ドーム形部分と、
(ii)前記中空ドーム形部分に隣接した、幅方向(CD)に偏向した繊維配向を持つ傘状の(pileated)高繊維質部分と、
を含む、
ことを特徴とする吸収性シート。 - 前記吸収性シートは、さらに(c)前記結合部位から前記高繊維質部位へ移行する、圧密化繊維質部位を持つ移行領域を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記中空ドーム形部分は、上方へ突出した高密度化側壁を持ち、それぞれの前記高密度化側壁の少なくとも一部は、内側へ曲がった高密度化部位を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記中空ドーム形部分はキャップを有し、前記中空ドーム形部分の前記上方へ突出した高密度化側壁の繊維の少なくとも一部は、前記中空ドーム形部分の前記キャップ方向に偏向した繊維配向を示すことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記中空ドーム形部分の前記上方へ突出した高密度化側壁は、少なくとも部分的に前記中空ドーム形部分を囲んでいる、鞍状部位となった圧密化した繊維の集団を含むことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記中空ドーム形部分は、傾斜した側壁を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記高繊維質部位は、前記吸収性シートの平均坪量よりも少なくとも5%高い局所坪量を示すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記高繊維質部位は、前記吸収性シートの平均坪量よりも少なくとも10%高い局所坪量を示すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記高繊維質部位は、前記結合部位の局所坪量よりも少なくとも25%高い局所坪量を示すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記高繊維質部位は、前記結合部位の局所坪量よりも少なくとも35%高い局所坪量を示すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記高繊維質部位は、前記結合部位の局所坪量よりも少なくとも45%高い局所坪量を示すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性シート。
- 前記吸収性シートの坪量の変化は、一定の平均坪量値付近で振動することを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性シート。
- ベルトクレープ化吸収性セルロース系シートの製造法であって、
前記製造法は、
(a)紙料を圧縮脱水して、見かけ上ランダムな分布の抄紙繊維配向を持つ脱水ウェブを形成する工程と、
(b)前記脱水ウェブを、運搬面速度で移動する転送運搬面へ貼り付ける工程と、
(c)複数の孔を開けた、平らなポリマ系クレーピングベルトを用いて、前記脱水ウェブを、30%から60%の濃度で、前記運搬面からベルトクレーピングする工程であって、前記運搬面と前記クレーピングベルトとの間にできたベルトクレーピングニップ内において圧力下で行い、前記クレーピングベルトは前記運搬面の速度よりも遅いベルト速度で走行させ、前記脱水ウェブを前記運搬面からクレープ化し、前記クレーピングベルト上で再分布させることにより、
(i)前記シートの平均局所坪量よりも局所坪量が高く、
(A)上方へ突出した高密度化側壁を持ち、それぞれの前記高密度化側壁の少なくとも一部は内側へ曲がった高密度化部位を含む、中空ドーム形部分と、
(B)前記中空ドーム形部分に隣接する、幅方向(CD)に偏向した繊維配向をそれぞれ持つ傘状の(pileated)高繊維質部分と、
を含む、複数の高繊維質スラブ化部位と、
(ii)前記傘状の高繊維質部分を互いに繋ぎ合わせる、前記高繊維質スラブ化部位よりも局所坪量が低い結合部位と、
を持つウェットウェブを前記ベルト上で生成するベルトクレーピング工程と、
(d)前記ウェットウェブを膨らませて、前記中空ドーム形部分と前記傘状の高繊維質部分とを融合するため、前記ウェットウェブがクレーピングベルト上に保持されている間に、前記クレーピングベルトに減圧をかける工程と、
(e)前記ウェブを乾燥して吸収性セルロース系シートを形成する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする、ベルトクレープ化吸収性セルロース系シートの製造法。 - 前記シートが、
(ア)前記シートの上側にあり、前記シートの平均坪量よりも高い局所坪量である、複数の高繊維質スラブ化部位と、
(イ)前記高繊維質スラブ化部位を互いに繋ぎ合わせる網状組織となっている結合部位であって、前記高繊維質スラブ化部位の局所坪量よりも低い局所坪量を有する結合部位と、
(ウ)前記結合部位から前記高繊維質スラブ化部位へ移行する、圧密化繊維質部位を含む移行領域と、
を持つように、前記紙料を選択し、且つ、前記ベルトクレーピング工程(c)、前記工程(d)および前記工程(e)を制御することを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の製造法。 - 前記シートが、さらに、前記結合部位から前記高繊維質スラブ化部位へ移行する、圧密化繊維質部位を持つ移行領域を含むことを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の製造法。
- 前記工程(e)において前記ウェブを乾燥する前に、前記クレーピングベルトに減圧をかける工程(d)が行われることを特徴とする、請求項13〜15のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
- 前記クレーピングベルトは、非ランダムなパターンで孔が開いていることを特徴とする、請求項13〜16のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
- 前記クレーピングベルトは、非ランダムな、交互に並んだパターンで孔が開いていることを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の製造法。
- 前記クレーピングベルトの前記孔は、円錐形の(tapered)孔を含み、前記円錐形の孔は、前記ベルトのクレーピング側に、前記ベルトの機械側の開口部よりも大きい開口部を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項13〜18のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
- 前記クレーピングベルトの前記孔は、長軸が幅方向に並んだ楕円形の開口部を持つことを特徴とする、請求項13〜19のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
- 前記クレーピングベルトの厚さは、0.2mmから1.5mmであることを特徴とする、請求項13〜20のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
- 前記クレーピングベルトは、前記クレーピングベルトのクレーピング側の孔の開口部周囲に、隆起した縁を持つことを特徴とする、請求項13〜21のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
- 前記隆起した縁は、前記クレーピングベルトの周囲の領域の上へ、前記クレーピングベルトの厚さの10%から30%の高さを持つことを特徴とする、請求項22に記載の製造法。
- 前記クレーピングベルトは、固体ポリマシート材料、強化ポリマシート材料、または充填ポリマシート材料のうちの1つから作られた、一体構造のものであることを特徴とする、請求項13〜23のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
- 前記クレーピングベルトは、レーザで穿孔したモノリシックポリエステルシートから製造することを特徴とする、請求項13〜24のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
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