JP2015073104A - 電気化学的エネルギー貯蔵システム - Google Patents
電気化学的エネルギー貯蔵システム Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazolidone Chemical compound O=C1NCCO1 IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-dimethylurea Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCN1 YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940057054 1,3-dimethylurea Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylthiourea Natural products CNC(N)=O XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001260 acyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-NJFSPNSNSA-N methylurea Chemical compound [14CH3]NC(N)=O XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 X is Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011829 room temperature ionic liquid solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BOXSCYUXSBYGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 BOXSCYUXSBYGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003109 Karl Fischer titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRKWMRDKSOPRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(N)=O ZRKWMRDKSOPRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/028—Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
- H01G2/10—Housing; Encapsulation
- H01G2/103—Sealings, e.g. for lead-in wires; Covers
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- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/0425—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material specially adapted for cathode
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- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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Abstract
Description
E=(C(ΔV)2)/2 (1)
P=E/t (2)
により規定され、式中、Cは電気容量であり、ΔVは電池電圧であり、tは放電時間である。約2.5V〜3VであるIL中の酸化マンガン(MnO2)の適用可能な電圧領域は、従来の水性電解液中に見られるものよりも3倍超大きい。これにより、ECは、より高い電池電圧で動作可能になり、したがって、エネルギー密度と出力密度が改善される。CV形状の準矩形(quasi-rectangular)応答は、異なる電解液の電圧範囲に亘るMnO2ナノワイヤの連続的かつ可逆的Mn3+/Mn4+ファラデー酸化還元反応によるものである。
本発明における化学エネルギー貯蔵システムの1つの実施の形態は、MNNFからなる陽極;MNNF電極の近くに配置されているが接触していない不活性グラファイトからなる陰極;OZOおよびLiClO4を含む非水性電解液;および非水性電解液と陽極と陰極とを収容するケースを含む。MNNF電極の調製は、先に記載されており、電着プロセス中のSCEに対する0.45Vの定電圧の印加を含む。
実施例2
本発明における化学エネルギー貯蔵システムの別の実施の形態は、V2O5ナノシートと発泡チタンからなる陽極;陽極の近くに配置されているが接触していない不活性グラファイトからなる陰極;アセトアミドおよびLiClO4を含む非水性電解液;および非水性電解液と陽極と陰極とを収容するケースを含む。V2O5ナノシート被覆チタン電極の調製は、先に記載されており、電着プロセス中のSCEに対する0.65Vの定電圧の印加を含む。
実施例3
本発明における化学エネルギー貯蔵システムの別の実施の形態は、MnO2ナノワイヤとカーボン繊維紙からなる陽極;陽極の近くに配置されているが接触していない不活性グラファイトからなる陰極;尿素およびLiClO4を含む非水性電解液;および非水性電解液と陽極と陰極とを収容するケースを含む。MnO2ナノワイヤ被覆カーボン繊維紙電極の調製は、先に記載されており、電着プロセス中のSCEに対する1mA/cm2の定電流の印加を含む。
121 陽極
122 陰極
123 分離層
124 非水性電解液
125 密閉容器
127 陰極接点
128 陽極接点
Claims (16)
- 少なくとも1つのアシルアミノ基を有する有機化合物、および
LiXと表されるリチウム塩であって、式中、Liはリチウムであり、Xは、SCN-であるリチウム塩、
を含む電気化学的コンデンサのための非水性電解液であって、
前記有機化合物及び前記リチウム塩が混合前に固体状態にあることを特徴とする非水性電解液。 - 前記有機化合物が非環式化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記非環式化合物が、アセトアミド、尿素、メチル尿素、1,3−ジメチル尿素、またはそれらの組合せを含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記有機化合物が環式化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記環式化合物が、2−オキサゾリジノン、エチレン尿素、またはそれらの組合せを含むことを特徴とする請求項4記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記リチウム塩および前記有機化合物が、1:3から1:7の範囲のモル比で混合され、該モル比が、モルで表されるリチウム塩の有機化合物に対する比であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水性電解液。
- (i)陽極であって、
複数のマイクロメートルサイズの細孔を有する多孔質マトリクスであって、3次元メソ多孔質金属または3次元開放構造炭質材料である多孔質マトリクスと、
前記多孔質マトリクスの複数の細孔の内部を被覆するナノ構造の金属酸化物であって、
前記ナノ構造の金属酸化物が、電着されたMnO2、または電着されたV2O5ナノシートを含むナノ構造の金属酸化物と、
を含む陽極;
(ii)前記陽極の近くに配置されるが接触していない陰極;
(iii)非水性電解液であって、
アシルアミノ基を有する有機化合物と、
LiXと表されるリチウム塩であって、式中、Liはリチウムであり、Xは、ClO4 -、SCN-、PF6 -、B(C2O4)2 -、N(SO2CF3)2 -、CF3SO3 -、またはそれらの組合せを含むリチウム塩と、
を含む非水性電解液,および
(iv)前記非水性電解液、前記陽極、および前記陰極を収容するケース;
を有してなる電気化学的コンデンサであって、
前記陽極と前記陰極が前記非水性電解液中に浸漬され、前記陽極と前記陰極とがリチウムを含まないこと、および、
前記電気化学的コンデンサが、前記非水性電解液と前記陽極との間の酸化還元反応を利用してエネルギーを貯蔵することを特徴とする電気化学的コンデンサ。 - 前記ケースが、前記非水性電解液と接触する内面および該非水性電解液と接触しない外面を有する密閉容器を含むことを特徴とする請求項7記載の電気化学的コンデンサ。
- 前記陽極および前記陰極を、それぞれ、前記外面の異なる領域に接続する電気接点をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項8記載の電気化学的コンデンサ。
- 前記陽極と前記陰極との間に分離層をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項9記載の電気化学的コンデンサ。
- 前記非水性電解液中の有機化合物が、アセトアミド、尿素、メチル尿素、1,3−ジメチル尿素、2−オキサゾリジノン、エチレン尿素、またはそれらの組合せを含むことを特徴とする請求項7記載の電気化学的コンデンサ。
- 前記有機化合物および前記リチウム塩が、混合前に固体状態にあることを特徴とする請求項7記載の電気化学的コンデンサ。
- 前記リチウム塩および前記有機化合物が、1:3から1:7の範囲のモル比で混合され、該モル比が、モルで表されるリチウム塩の有機化合物に対する比であることを特徴とする請求項7記載の電気化学的コンデンサ。
- 前記多孔質マトリクスが100μmから500μmの範囲にある細孔径を有することを特徴とする請求項7記載の電気化学的コンデンサ。
- 前記3次元メソ多孔質金属が、発泡ニッケル、発泡チタン、またはそれらの組合せを含むことを特徴とする請求項7記載の電気化学的コンデンサ。
- 前記3次元開放構造炭質材料がカーボン繊維紙を含むことを特徴とする請求項7記載の電気化学的コンデンサ。
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