JP2014507270A - ニッケル坦持炭素を含む水素化触媒 - Google Patents
ニッケル坦持炭素を含む水素化触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2014507270A JP2014507270A JP2013549918A JP2013549918A JP2014507270A JP 2014507270 A JP2014507270 A JP 2014507270A JP 2013549918 A JP2013549918 A JP 2013549918A JP 2013549918 A JP2013549918 A JP 2013549918A JP 2014507270 A JP2014507270 A JP 2014507270A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogenation
- catalyst
- hydrogenation catalyst
- support
- sorbitol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 sorbitol Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
- B01J35/45—Nanoparticles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0207—Pretreatment of the support
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/60—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of -OH groups, e.g. by dehydration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C31/18—Polyhydroxylic acyclic alcohols
- C07C31/20—Dihydroxylic alcohols
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
炭素押出品または粒状炭素を出発原料として用いた。しかしながら、日本エンバイロケミカルズ株式会社から商品名「白鷺C2X8/12」で得られる椰子殻炭を好ましく使用した。この炭素の嵩密度は約0.5g/mlであり、平均粒度は1.8mmであった。
脱オン水中に硝酸ニッケルを、例えばニッケル濃度が14.4質量%として含む水溶液をまず調整した。例えば、50gの炭素押出品の含浸に、22.0gの水中に53.3gのNi(NO3)2・6・H2Oを含む溶液を用いた。
Claims (12)
- 触媒総質量に対して1〜50質量%のニッケルを炭素担体上に含み、レニウムをまったく含まない水素化触媒。
- 椰子殻炭が担体として用いられる請求項1に記載の水素化触媒。
- 上記炭素担体が、熱、スチーム、酸で、あるいは化学的に処理されている請求項1または2に記載の水素化触媒。
- 上記担体の平均粒子径が0.5〜5mmの範囲である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の水素化触媒。
- 上記担体が、ニッケル塩溶液で含浸され、次いで乾燥され、300℃を超える温度で還元されている請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の水素化触媒。
- 上記炭素担体をニッケル塩溶液で含浸させ、次いで該含浸担体を乾燥させ、次いで該乾燥担体を300℃を超える温度で還元する請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の水素化触媒の製造方法。
- 還元が400〜600℃の温度で行われる請求項6に記載の方法。
- 上記担体が、含浸の前に熱、スチーム、酸により、あるいは化学的に前処理される請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の水素化触媒をソルビトールのグリコールへの水素化、またはグルコースのソルビトールへの水素化に使用する方法。
- ソルビトールの水素化によるグリコールの製造方法であって、該水素化が請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の水素化触媒を用いて行われる方法。
- グルコースの水素化によるソルビトールの製造方法であって、該水素化が請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の水素化触媒を用いて行われる方法。
- 上記水素化が連続的に行われ、水素化触媒が固定床として用いられる請求項10または11に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11151797.5 | 2011-01-24 | ||
EP11151797 | 2011-01-24 | ||
PCT/IB2012/050243 WO2012101550A1 (de) | 2011-01-24 | 2012-01-18 | Hydrierkatalysator aus nickel auf kohlenstoff |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2014507270A true JP2014507270A (ja) | 2014-03-27 |
JP2014507270A5 JP2014507270A5 (ja) | 2015-03-12 |
Family
ID=46580264
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013549918A Pending JP2014507270A (ja) | 2011-01-24 | 2012-01-18 | ニッケル坦持炭素を含む水素化触媒 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2668148A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2014507270A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140004733A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103339093A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2823676A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012101550A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104557452B (zh) * | 2015-01-04 | 2017-02-22 | 南京工业大学 | 一种利用镍基催化剂催化甘油一步氢解反应的方法 |
BE1023643B1 (nl) | 2016-03-21 | 2017-06-01 | Yun NV | Vaginale preparaten voor het onderhouden en / of herstellen van een gezonde vrouwelijke microbiota |
EP3300799A1 (de) | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-04 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren und katalysator zur herstellung von 1,4-butandiol |
EP3300798A1 (de) | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-04 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Katalysatorfestbett enthaltend metallschaumkörper |
WO2019158456A1 (en) | 2018-02-14 | 2019-08-22 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Method for the preparation of c3-c12-alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding aldehydes |
ES2920969T3 (es) | 2019-09-25 | 2022-08-12 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Reactor catalítico |
CN110721686B (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-10-14 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种以泥煤碳基为载体的催化裂解催化剂 |
CN110813297B (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-30 | 厦门大学 | 一种糖醇的合成方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030119952A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-06-26 | Werpy Todd A. | Hydrogenolysis of 6-carbon sugars and other organic compounds |
WO2007100052A1 (ja) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-07 | National University Corporation Hokkaido University | セルロースの加水分解および/または加水分解物の還元用触媒およびセルロースから糖アルコールの製造方法 |
CA2722995A1 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-03 | Dalian Institute Of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | A method for preparing ethylene glycol from polyhydroxy compound |
WO2011113281A1 (zh) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-09-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种多羟基化合物制乙二醇的方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6479713B1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2002-11-12 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Hydrogenolysis of 5-carbon sugars, sugar alcohols, and other methods and compositions for reactions involving hydrogen |
CN101747150B (zh) * | 2008-12-11 | 2014-09-03 | 中科合成油技术有限公司 | 一种生产1,3-丙二醇的方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-01-18 CN CN2012800063705A patent/CN103339093A/zh active Pending
- 2012-01-18 CA CA2823676A patent/CA2823676A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-01-18 WO PCT/IB2012/050243 patent/WO2012101550A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-01-18 JP JP2013549918A patent/JP2014507270A/ja active Pending
- 2012-01-18 EP EP12739450.0A patent/EP2668148A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-18 KR KR1020137022141A patent/KR20140004733A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030119952A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-06-26 | Werpy Todd A. | Hydrogenolysis of 6-carbon sugars and other organic compounds |
WO2007100052A1 (ja) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-07 | National University Corporation Hokkaido University | セルロースの加水分解および/または加水分解物の還元用触媒およびセルロースから糖アルコールの製造方法 |
CA2722995A1 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-03 | Dalian Institute Of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | A method for preparing ethylene glycol from polyhydroxy compound |
WO2011113281A1 (zh) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-09-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种多羟基化合物制乙二醇的方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
JPN6013043496; Ming-Yuan Zheng et al: ChemSusChem Vol.3, 20091208, pp.63-66 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20140004733A (ko) | 2014-01-13 |
CA2823676A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
EP2668148A1 (de) | 2013-12-04 |
WO2012101550A1 (de) | 2012-08-02 |
CN103339093A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
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