JP2014500493A - 免疫療法の転帰を予測する新規バイオマーカー - Google Patents
免疫療法の転帰を予測する新規バイオマーカー Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
したがって、出願は 2010 年 12 月 15 日に提出された英国特許 1021289.6、2010 年 11 月 24 日に提出された米国特許 61/416,981、2010 年 12 月 16 日に提出された米国特許 61/423,652 の優先権を請求する。本出願は 50 種の配列を含む配列リストを含む。本発明の目的のため、本明細書で引用されている全ての参考文献が、その全体の参照として組み込まれている。
全体で、RCC 患者の 80% 近くが死に至る。この数値は、再発に対する効果的で早期な臨床フォローアップと治療の強い医療的ニーズを示している。.
これらのマーカーの組み合わせすべてが特に好ましい。
により計算された p 値を示す。
IMA901 は、腎細胞癌で認められるペプチド MHC 複合体に対する特異的 T 細胞反応を誘導するためにデザインされたペプチド系ワクチンである。IMA901-202(第 II 相)試験は、単変量および多変量解析を使用して、転移性腎細胞癌患者への IMA901 投与による、免疫応答誘導および全生存期間の延長を成功させるための予測バイオマーカーとして、単独または組み合わせて機能するパラメータを同定した。
治療前レベルの健常ドナーとの比較では、70 歳未満の intention-to-treat (ITT) 患者のみを選択し最年長健常対照ドナーとマッチさせた。得られた患者(N=52)と健常ドナー(N=22)群を年齢、性別、および CMV(サイトメガロウイルス) 血清反応陽性から補正した。.
サンプルの採取
すべてのサンプルは、 +CY 群ではワクチン接種 3 日前でシクロホスファミド投与直前、またはワクチン接種の直前で、いずれかの治療試験介入前に採取した。血清サンプルは血清/ゲルVACUTAINER(Becton Dickinson、5 ml)を使用して採取し、逆さまにして最低 30 分間インキュベートした。サンプルチューブを 1200 x g 以上で 15分 間遠心分離し、血清(約 2 ml)を NUNC クライオチューブ(3.6 ml)に移した。クライオチューブは、直ちに ? -20°C とし測定まで保存した血液学的パラメータ分析用の EDTA 血液は、 3 ml EDTA-VACUTAINER に採取され、遠心分離せずに、分析まで室温で保存した。尿は、ワクチン接種前直前に採取した。試験紙による検査は、新鮮な尿だけに実施した。凝固分析用クエン酸血漿は、ワクチン接種約 2 週間前に採取した。サンプルはクエン酸 VACUTAINER を使って採取し、室温で 1200 x g 以上 30 分以内で遠心分離した。上澄み血漿はマイクロチューブへ移した。
バイオマーカーの測定法には、 ELISA、マルチプレックス免疫測定、非遺伝子アッセイ、質量分析、FACS 分析、ルーティンな血液臨床検査、臨床化学分析および尿分析、および他の方法が含まれた。最終的に選択したパラメータを、 RBM (ApoA1、CD95/FAS、IL-6、IgE、MMP-3, CA19-9)、Millipore (CXCL13/BCA-1、CCL17/TARC、IL-33) の提供によるマルチプレックス測定、および Biocrates (トレオニン、短鎖アシルカルニチン) により提供された質量分析により測定した。さらにパラメータは、中央研究室により提供され、ルーティンな血液検査方法(好中球、好酸球、単球)および臨床化学分析(ASAT/SGOT、LDH、アルブミン、ビリルビン)によって測定された。
全生存率に加え、1 つまたは複数のT 細胞応答の発現とバイオマーカーとの関連を試験する必要があったので、 ELISPOT アッセイおよび各ペプチド MHC 複合体によるテトラマー染色により、特異的 T 細胞応答をワクチン接種前後に数回測定した。
パラメータの T 細胞応答との関連性はウェルチ検定を使って評価した。全患者および/または +CY 群内の T 細胞応答に対する予測的パラメータは p < 0.05 で有意と考えられた。
多変量バイオマーカーは、Cox 比例ハザードモデルに従って決定され、その特性と拡張は以下に説明されている。
さらに多変量バイオマーカーが -CY 群で予測されないか、またはこれらの患者に対する予測が少なくとも +CY 群よりも低いことが望ましかった。これを達成するために、予測モデルは -CY 群で繰り返して最適化され、さらに、本質的に予測不可能な方向のみが残るまで、得られる方向はパラメータスペースから予想した。次いで、バイオマーカー自体は、 +CY 群のパラメータの残りのサブスペースで決定した。バイオマーカーの予測度の正確性を評価するため、全体の最適化プロセスは、leave-one-out 法(標本群から1つの事例だけを抜き出す方法)を適用した。全患者の予測は、収集し次いで既知生存時間と比較した方法で算出した。
パラメータの選択
試験した約 450 個のパラメータのうち、59 個は全患者および/または +CY 群患者で T 細胞応答の発現を有意に予測した。118 個のパラメータは、最適なカットオフ値でシクロホスファミド前治療と有意な相互反応を示した。T 細胞応答予測に関する上述の基準、シクロホスファミド前治療との相互作用、 -CY 群より +CY 群において全生存率と相関が良いこと、他のパラメータとの冗長性はないこと、および妥当な生物学的論理性の存在をを利用し、4 つのパラメータ(ApoA1、CXCL13/BCA-1、単球および CCL17/TARC)を好ましい単変量バイオマーカーの候補として同定することができる。
上述のように同定した 4 つの各パラメータについて、 IMA901 投与により有意に異なる転帰を示した 2 つのグループ(バイオマーカー陽性または陰性)に患者を分け、個別のカットオフ値が定義された。パラメータとして、カットオフ値の選択が必要であったが、個別ではなく連続的な全生存率および T 細胞応答との相関を、治療を行うか行わないかの決定に使用すべきである。この理由により、適切なカットオフ値は a) 十分な患者数および b) 客観性が必要である。
Cox 比例ハザード解析は、全患者およびシクロホスファミドで前治療した患者サブグループにおいて、単変量解析により選択された 4 つすべてのパラメータが全生存率を有意に予測することを示したが、シクロホスファミド前治療を受けなかったサブグループでは全生存率を予測しなかった(表 2、図 1)。バイオマーカー陽性グループでは、バイオマーカー値の各カットオフ値によって定義されたように、シクロホスファミド前治療は全生存率への良好な効果を有意に示し (p< 0.05) (CCL17/TARC、単球)、または全生存率に良好な効果を持つ傾向を有意に(p < 0.1)(ApoA1, CXCL13/BCA-1)示した。相互作用解析は、シクロホスファミド前治療の効果が、正または負の単球レベルと分類された患者において有意に異なる(p < 0.05)ことを示した。CCL17/TARC は、シクロホスファミド前治療と相互作用する傾向を示した。ApoA1 および CXCL13/BCA-1 は、選択したカットオフ値において有意には到達しなかった。
パラメータの選択
IMA901 治療で -CY 群よりも +CY 群でうまく全生存率を予測する 20 個のパラメータを有するバイオマーカーセットが、全患者集団について計算された。それらは、サイトカイン、ケモカインおよび他の血清で測定可能なタンパク質、標準的血液学的アッセイで測定可能な細胞パラメータ、および質量分析で測定可能な代謝パラメータを含む。全患者の最適化(トレーニング用)の他に、バイオマーカーセットは、leave-one-out 交差検証(検定用)によって計算された。後半の解析は、フォローアップ試験の結果のロバスト性を与えているので、より関連性がある。これらの実験結果が示すデータは検定結果を提示している。
バイオマーカーの予測力を証明するために、バイオマーカーの値に従って 2 グループの患者をさらに分割して生存解析を実施した。全患者集団に対するバイオマーカーの密度分布の中央値がカットオフとして選択され、このカットオフ値を超える値を有する患者の 50% はバイオマーカー陽性グループに含まれる。+CY 群の患者において、バイオマーカー陽性患者はワクチン接種から非常に有意な恩恵を受けたが、-CY 群では該バイオマーカーは効果を示さなかった。その逆も同じで、バイオマーカー陽性グループで、シクロホスファミドの前治療は有意に高い生存率を与え、一方、バイオマーカー陰性グループではその効果は有意ではないか、(傾向として)逆の効果でさえあった(表 4、図 5)。それに応じて、多変量バイオマーカーとシクロホスファミド前治療の間に非常に有意な相互作用があった。
単一パラメータは、その組み合わせに含まれる全パラメータの値に依存して、患者がバイオマーカースコアに割り当てられる方法によって組み合わせることができる。2 つのパラメータを組み合わせる場合、各パラメータはそのカットオフ値に従って正または負になる可能性があり、患者は結びつけられたマーカーについて 2 (両パラメータが正)、1(1 つのパラメータが正)または 0(正のパラメータなし) のバイオマーカースコアを有する可能性がある。
6.1 ApoA1 の血清レベル
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Claims (15)
- がん患者における免疫療法の効果を予測する手段提供のための検査方法であって、
a) 前記がん患者のサンプル中アポリポタンパク質A1 (ApoA1)、CCL17/TARC、好酸球、単球、CD95/Fas、アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ/血清グルタミン酸オキザロ酢酸トランスアミナーゼ(ASAT/SGOT)、がん抗原 19-9 (CA19-9)、乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(LDH)、トレオニン、免疫グロブリン E (IgE)、およびマトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ 3 (MMP-3)からなるグループから選択された 1 つ以上のマーカーレベルおいて、特定がん患者集団の中央値に比べてレベルが上昇するか高値となっていることが、前記患者の免疫療法の有益な効果を示すレベルを測定する工程、
および/または
b) 前記がん患者のサンプルの B 細胞誘引性キモカイン(CXCL13/BCA-1)、好中球、インターロイキン-6 (IL-6)、および短鎖アシルカルニチンからなるグループから選択される 1 つ以上のマーカーのレベルにおいて、特定がん患者集団の中央値に比べてレベルが低下するか低値となっていることが、前記患者の免疫療法の有益な効果を示すレベルを測定する工程からなる、がん患者における免疫療法の効果を予測する手段提供のための検査方法。 - 請求項 1 に記載の方法において、前記マーカーは、ApoA1 および/または CCL17/TARC; CXCL13/BCA-1、好中球 %、ApoA1、好酸球 %、好酸球 ABS (絶対数)、単球 %、FAS、TARC; LDH、トレオニン、IL-6、アルブミン、IgE、MMP-3、CA19-9;単球 ABS、ASAT、ビリルビン、アシルカルニチン (scAC) および IL-33 から選択されるものである方法。
- 請求項 1 または 2 に記載の方法において、この方法は、さらに
a) 前記がん患者から得た前記サンプル中のアルブミンと直接ビリルビンからなるグループから選択された1つ以上のマーカーにおいて、特定がん患者集団の中央値と比べてレベルが上昇するか高値となっていることが、前記患者への免疫療法の有益作用を示すマーカーを測定する工程、
および/または
b) 前記がん患者から得た前記サンプル中のマーカーであるインターロイキン-33 (IL-33)レベルにおいて、特定がん患者集団の中央値と比べてレベルが低下するか低値となっていることが、前記患者への免疫療法の有益作用を示すレベルを測定する工程からなる方法。 - 請求項 1〜3 のいずれか一に記載の方法において、前記免疫療法は、任意にアジュバント、好ましくは GM-CSFを伴う、抗がんワクチンによるワクチン接種を含むものである方法。
- 請求項 1〜4 のいずれか一に記載の方法において、前記患者は手術、放射線療法および/または化学療法、および好ましくは前記患者がサイトカインから選択された抗がん剤、およびソラフェニブとスニチニブのよなチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤(TKI)、およびシクロホスファミドにより治療を受けているまたはすでに前治療された治療法を含む療法で、治療されているか前治療をすでに受けているものである方法。
- 請求項 1 〜6 のいずれか一に記載の方法において、前記サンプルは、全血、末梢血、またはその分画、血清、バッフィーコート、腫瘍細胞、リンパ液、尿、骨髄、EDTA 血漿、ヘパリン血漿、クエン酸血漿、ヘパリン全血、および凍結ヘパリン全血のようなその凍結サンプルから選択されるものである方法。
- 請求項 1 〜5のいずれか一に記載の方法において、前記がんは、いかなるタイプの腎細胞癌(RCC)、大腸癌(CRC)、胃癌(GC)、メラノーマ、非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)、神経膠芽細胞腫および腺癌から選択されるものである方法。
- 請求項 1〜7のいずれか一に記載の方法において、この方法は、さらに前記患者で前記免疫療法の作用を予測手段を提供する検査工程を有するものである方法。
- 請求項 1〜8のいずれか一に記載の方法において、前記作用は全生存期間、免疫療法に対する単一および/または複数の T 細胞応答の発現、腫瘍増殖の抑制、腫瘍の収縮、または無増悪生存期間から選択されるものである方法。
- 請求項 1〜9のいずれか一に記載の方法において、この方法は、さらに、前記がん治療の効果をモニタリングする工程を有し、1 回以上前記測定ステップを繰り返す工程を有する方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一に記載の方法において、前記検査は、免疫アッセイ、ビーズに基づく免疫アッセイ、マルチプレックス免疫測定、ELISA、マイクロアレイに基づくアッセイ、非遺伝子アッセイ、発現解析、FACS 解析、確立された血液学的方法、プロテオミクス、および質量分析から選択される 1 つ以上の方法を含むものである方法。
- 請求項 4〜11のいずれか一に記載の方法において、前記抗がんワクチンは、配列 ID 番号1〜37、例えば、配列 ID 番号 1〜10;配列 ID 番号 11〜19 と 1、5、8、および 9;配列 ID 番号 20〜29、さらに 配列 ID 番号 30〜37 から選択される1 つ以上の免疫原性ペプチドからなる抗がんワクチンから選ばれるものである方法。
- 1 つまたは分かれた容器で請求項 1〜12のいずれか一に記載の方法を実施する材料からなる診断キットであって、好ましくは、任意に前記方法を実施する方法と共に、1 つ以上のマーカー特異的抗体を含む診断キット。.
- 治療を必要とするがん患者のがんを治療する改善方法であって、
a) 請求項 1〜3 および 5〜11のいずれか一に記載の方法を実施する工程、および
b) 治療決定の結果を利用し、特にステップ a) で得た結果に基づき前記がん患者に適切な抗がん免疫療法を実施する工程、および
c) 選択的にステップ a) および b) を繰り返す工程からなる方法。 - 請求項 14 に記載の方法において、前記がんは、いかなるタイプの腎細胞癌(RCC)、大腸癌(CRC)、胃癌(GC)、メラノーマ、非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)、神経膠芽細胞腫および腺癌からも選択されるものである方法。
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KR20200087582A (ko) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-21 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 폐암 환자의 면역항암제에 대한 치료 반응성 예측용 il-6 마커 및 이의 용도 |
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KR20190016025A (ko) * | 2016-05-09 | 2019-02-15 | 인스티튜트 내셔널 드 라 싼테 에 드 라 리셰르셰 메디칼르 (인 썸) | 고형 암을 갖는 환자의 분류 방법 |
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KR102245021B1 (ko) | 2016-05-09 | 2021-04-26 | 인스티튜트 내셔널 드 라 싼테 에 드 라 리셰르셰 메디칼르 (인 썸) | 고형 암을 갖는 환자의 분류 방법 |
JP7281903B2 (ja) | 2016-05-09 | 2023-05-26 | アンセルム(アンスティチュート・ナシオナル・ドゥ・ラ・サンテ・エ・ドゥ・ラ・ルシェルシュ・メディカル) | 固形腫瘍を有する患者をクラス分けするための方法 |
KR20200087582A (ko) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-21 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 폐암 환자의 면역항암제에 대한 치료 반응성 예측용 il-6 마커 및 이의 용도 |
KR102159538B1 (ko) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-09-24 | 충남대학교 산학협력단 | 폐암 환자의 면역항암제에 대한 치료 반응성 예측용 il-6 마커 및 이의 용도 |
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CA2818738A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
CN103384827B (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
NZ609712A (en) | 2015-05-29 |
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US20140234347A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
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EP2643698A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
US20120128702A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
KR20130119453A (ko) | 2013-10-31 |
BR112013012820A2 (pt) | 2017-05-09 |
AU2011333819A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
PL2643698T3 (pl) | 2016-12-30 |
SG190698A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
CN103384827A (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
EP2643698B1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
JP6005051B2 (ja) | 2016-10-12 |
GB201021289D0 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
US8669063B2 (en) | 2014-03-11 |
MX341734B (es) | 2016-08-31 |
MX2013005762A (es) | 2013-08-12 |
EA201390762A1 (ru) | 2013-09-30 |
HUE030005T2 (en) | 2017-04-28 |
ES2592957T3 (es) | 2016-12-02 |
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